Pharmacogenomics (PGx) is a science based on functional genomics and molecular pharmacology, which has been rapidly developed and gradually applied to clinical practice in recent years. Therefore, China and the United States are committed to promoting the development of PGx education. This paper reviews PGx education in China and the United States, clarifies the significance of developing PGx education, and provides a detailed introduction to the current development status and challenges of PGx education in universities and clinical settings. Additionally, this paper makes some recommendations for developing PGx education and discusses future development trends in both countries.