Advances in the modulation of Nrf2 signaling by natural compounds for the treatment of intervertebral disc degeneration

doi:10.12092/j.issn.1009-2501.2026.01.013

Abstract

Abstract:

Intervertebral disc degeneration (IDD) is a major cause of chronic low back pain, yet there is a lack of effective and safe targeted drugs. Studies have shown that the pathogenesis of IDD is closely related to oxidative stress, inflammation, extracellular matrix degradation, autophagy and apoptosis, and the nuclear factor E2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) signaling pathway is widely involved in the abovementioned activities, which plays a key role in slowing down the progression of IDD. According to recent literature, some natural products can target the Nrf2 signaling pathway to intervene in IDD and have achieved certain results, however, their specific molecular mechanisms still need to be further elaborated. Based on this, this article introduces the structure and function of Nrf2 signaling and its specific role in IDD, and discusses the progress of the intervention of natural products of traditional Chinese medicine, with the aim of providing a theoretical basis for the therapeutic strategy based on the targeting of Nrf2 signaling to prevent and control IDD.

Key words: intervertebral disc degeneration, Nrf2 signaling pathway, mechanism of action, natural compounds, therapeutic targets

CLC Number:

Jianqiang DU, Qi ZHANG, Enpeng GU, Chen XU, Yuan GUO, Menglong ZHANG, Jinke GUO, Si WU, Haibo XIE. Advances in the modulation of Nrf2 signaling by natural compounds for the treatment of intervertebral disc degeneration[J]. Chinese Journal of Clinical Pharmacology and Therapeutics, 2026, 31(1): 116-124.

Figures/Tables 2

References 72

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天然化合物		实验对象	作用机制	实验效果	文献
黄酮类化合物	银杏总黄酮	人髓核细胞	激活Nrf2/ARE通路	抗炎，抗氧化，抑制细胞凋亡	[38]
	桃叶珊瑚苷	SD大鼠	激活Nrf2通路，抑制NF-κB通路	抗炎，抗氧化，抑制细胞凋亡及ECM 降解	[39]
	橙皮素	C57BL/6小鼠	激活Nrf2通路，抑制NF-κB通路	抑制氧化应激	[40]
	淫羊藿苷	C57BL/6小鼠	激活Nrf-2/HO-1通路	激活线粒体自噬	[41]
	木犀草素	SD大鼠	激活Nrf2/HO-1通路，抑制NF-κB 通路	抑制炎症、细胞凋亡和ECM降解	[42]
	汉黄芩素	大鼠髓核细胞	激活Nrf2/HO-1-SOD2-NQO1-GCLC 通路	抗氧化、抗炎	[27]
	金丝桃苷	人髓核细胞	激活Nrf2/ARE通路，抑制SIRT1/NF-κB 通路	抑制氧化应激及细胞凋亡、减轻炎症反应，重塑ECM	[43]
萜类化合物	熊果酸	大鼠髓核细胞	激活Nrf2/HO-1通路	抑制氧化应激及细胞凋亡、减轻炎症反应，重塑ECM	[44]
	虾青素	大鼠髓核细胞	激活Nrf2/HO-1通路	抑制氧化应激及细胞凋亡，重塑ECM	[45]
	穿心莲内酯	大鼠髓核细胞	激活MAPK/Nrf2/HO-1通路	抑制氧化应激及细胞凋亡	[46]
	番茄红素	人髓核细胞	激活Nrf2通路	抑制氧化应激及细胞凋亡	[47]
酚类化合物	没食子酸	大鼠髓核细胞	激活Nrf2通路	减少ECM降解，抑制氧化应激	[48]
	鼠尾草酚	大鼠髓核细胞	激活Nrf2/HO-1通路	抗炎、抗氧化	[49]
	姜黄素	SD大鼠	激活Nrf2/HO-1通路	抑制氧化应激及铁死亡	[50]
	茶多酚	SD大鼠	激活Nrf2/Keap1/ARE通路	抑制氧化应激、ECM降解	[51]
	红景天苷	人髓核细胞	激活Nrf2/ARE通路	抑制氧化应激、ECM降解，减轻炎性反应	[52]
生物碱类化合物	吴茱萸碱	SD大鼠	激活Nrf2通路	减轻线粒体功能障碍，抑制ECM降解、炎症反应	[53]
	青藤碱	SD大鼠	激活Nrf2/HO-1通路	促进细胞增殖活性，抑制氧化应激、细胞凋亡	[54]
	紫檀芪	SD大鼠	激活Nrf2通路	减轻炎症反应	[55]

天然化合物		实验对象	作用机制	实验效果	文献
黄酮类化合物	银杏总黄酮	人髓核细胞	激活Nrf2/ARE通路	抗炎，抗氧化，抑制细胞凋亡	[38]
	桃叶珊瑚苷	SD大鼠	激活Nrf2通路，抑制NF-κB通路	抗炎，抗氧化，抑制细胞凋亡及ECM 降解	[39]
	橙皮素	C57BL/6小鼠	激活Nrf2通路，抑制NF-κB通路	抑制氧化应激	[40]
	淫羊藿苷	C57BL/6小鼠	激活Nrf-2/HO-1通路	激活线粒体自噬	[41]
	木犀草素	SD大鼠	激活Nrf2/HO-1通路，抑制NF-κB 通路	抑制炎症、细胞凋亡和ECM降解	[42]
	汉黄芩素	大鼠髓核细胞	激活Nrf2/HO-1-SOD2-NQO1-GCLC 通路	抗氧化、抗炎	[27]
	金丝桃苷	人髓核细胞	激活Nrf2/ARE通路，抑制SIRT1/NF-κB 通路	抑制氧化应激及细胞凋亡、减轻炎症反应，重塑ECM	[43]
萜类化合物	熊果酸	大鼠髓核细胞	激活Nrf2/HO-1通路	抑制氧化应激及细胞凋亡、减轻炎症反应，重塑ECM	[44]
	虾青素	大鼠髓核细胞	激活Nrf2/HO-1通路	抑制氧化应激及细胞凋亡，重塑ECM	[45]
	穿心莲内酯	大鼠髓核细胞	激活MAPK/Nrf2/HO-1通路	抑制氧化应激及细胞凋亡	[46]
	番茄红素	人髓核细胞	激活Nrf2通路	抑制氧化应激及细胞凋亡	[47]
酚类化合物	没食子酸	大鼠髓核细胞	激活Nrf2通路	减少ECM降解，抑制氧化应激	[48]
	鼠尾草酚	大鼠髓核细胞	激活Nrf2/HO-1通路	抗炎、抗氧化	[49]
	姜黄素	SD大鼠	激活Nrf2/HO-1通路	抑制氧化应激及铁死亡	[50]
	茶多酚	SD大鼠	激活Nrf2/Keap1/ARE通路	抑制氧化应激、ECM降解	[51]
	红景天苷	人髓核细胞	激活Nrf2/ARE通路	抑制氧化应激、ECM降解，减轻炎性反应	[52]
生物碱类化合物	吴茱萸碱	SD大鼠	激活Nrf2通路	减轻线粒体功能障碍，抑制ECM降解、炎症反应	[53]
	青藤碱	SD大鼠	激活Nrf2/HO-1通路	促进细胞增殖活性，抑制氧化应激、细胞凋亡	[54]
	紫檀芪	SD大鼠	激活Nrf2通路	减轻炎症反应	[55]

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