Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is a cancer with extremely high mortality and incidence rates. In recent years, with the development of multidisciplinary approaches, key characteristics of cancer have gradually been revealed. Studies have shown that dysregulated energy metabolism and metabolic reprogramming in tumor cells form the basis for tumor cell growth and are critical factors in shaping the tumor microenvironment, immune evasion, and drug resistance. Non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs), as important regulatory factors, play a crucial role in the metabolic reprogramming of HCC. This article focuses on summarizing the mechanisms by which ncRNAs regulate metabolic reprogramming in HCC and explores their applications in clinical diagnosis, treatment, and prognostic assessment, aiming to provide new perspectives for effective HCC treatment and the development of novel drug targets.