Primary Sjogren's syndrome (pSS) is a chronic systemic autoimmune disease characterized by extensive infiltration of lymphoplasmacytic cells, leading to progressive damage of the salivary and lacrimal glands, which in turn triggers and oral and ocular dryness. During this pathologic process, abnormal proliferation of CD4+T cells and B cells becomes a distinctive feature of pSS histopathology. Although it was thought in the past that T cells play a dominant role in the autoimmune response, while B cells are mainly responsible for the production of autoantibodies. Recent studies have shown that B cells play a more complex and critical role in the pathologic process of pSS. In this paper, we will comprehensively explore the multiple roles of B lymphocytes in the pathogenesis of pSS in terms of their involvement in the production of antibodies to pSS, homing of lymphocytes, formation of ectopic germinal centers and B-cell survival and proliferative factors, and different subpopulations of B lymphocytes, highlighting their potential application value in the future diagnosis and treatment of pSS.