Table of Content

Volume 13 Issue 11
26 November 2008

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Prevention and treatment of restenosis in era of drug-eluting stent

KE Yong-sheng, GAO Wen-jun, HU Xue-jun

2008, 13(11):  1201-1207. 

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Drug-eluting stent ( DES) could effectively decrease the rate of restenosis of percutaneous coronary intervention ( PCI) and extend scope of PCI. However, the restenosis of DES is a focus with complex lesion and samples more and more. It had become the new challenge of treating restenosis of DES. This paper reviews the causes, characteristic, prognosis factors and treatment strategy.

Natural compound paeonol activates cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator chloride channel

HOU Ting-ting, GE Hong, SUN Juan-juan, YU Bo, YANG Hong

2008, 13(11):  1208-1219. 

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AIM: To study the activation of paeonol on CFTR Cl^- channel depending on 3', 5' - cAMP. METHODS: A cell-based fluorescence assay was used to determine CFTR-mediated iodide influx rate. RESULTS: Paeonol increased CFTR-mediate iodide influx in a dose-dependent way. The activation was rapid, reversible and cAMP-dependent. Paeonol had additive effect with FSK IBMX mixture and showed different sensitivity to ΔF508-CFTR and G551DCFTR, implied it worked through a direct binding mechanism. CONCLUSION: The study suggests that CFTR may be a therapeutic drug target of anti-hypertension Chinese Herbs. Paeonol may be useful as a leading compound to develop pharmacological therapy of anti-hypertension drugs.

Effects of noninvasive delayed limb ischemic preconditioning on oxidative injury following myocardial ischemia /reperfusion in diabetic rats

LI Yu-mei, ZHU Xue-hui, YUAN Heng-jie, LUO Qiong, WU Yan-na, KAN Yi, JIAO Jianjie, GAO Wei-zhen, LIU Yan-xia, LOU Jian-shi

2008, 13(11):  1220-1225. 

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AIM: To study the protection of noninvasive delayed limb ischemic preconditioning (NDLIP) on myocardial ischemia/reperfusion oxidative injury in diabetic rats. METHODS: Diabetic rat models were induced by injecting streptozotocin (STZ) into the vena caudalis. The diabetic rats were divided randomly into three groups: myocardial ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) group, myocardial ischemic preconditioning (MIP) group and noninvasive delayed limb ischemia preconditioning (NDLIP) group. The rats were pretreated with three cycles of 5 min ischemia /5 min reperfusion on the left hind limb, once a day for three consecutive days, to establish the NDLIP models. And MIP models were subjected to three episodes of 5 min of ischemia coupled to 5 min of reperfusion in the left anterior descending (LAD) coronary artery of rats. The models of I/R were established by 30 min ischemia and 120 min reperfusion of LAD in rats. The electrocardiogram was monitored continuously to record ventricular arrhythmia (VA) during 30 min ischemia. I/R-induced infarct size (IS) was determined using triphenyltetrazolium chloride (TTC) staining. Myocardial total superoxide dismutase (T-SOD) and manganese superoxide dismutase (Mn-SOD) activity, and malondialdehyde (MDA) content were determined respectively in each group rats. RESULTS: Compared with group I/R, the onset of ventricular premature contraction (VPC) was delayed markedly (P<0.01), duration of VPC was shortened (P<0.01), incidences of ventricular tachycardia (VT) and ventricular fibrillation (VF) were decreased (P<0.01), myocardial IS was diminished (P<0.01), infarct size /area at risk(IS AAR) was degraded, myocardial MDA content was declined (P<0.01), myocardial T-SOD and Mn-SOD activity were increased (P<0.01) in group MIP, group NDLIP.CONCLUSION: Noninvasive delayed limb ischemic preconditioning can improve the myocardial antioxidation of diabetic rats.

Effects of agmatine on the levels of IFN-γand IL-10 of the central nervous system in experimental allergic encephalomyelitis

PAN Da-jin, ZHENG Rong-yuan

2008, 13(11):  1226-1230. 

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AIM: To observe the effects of agmatine(AGM) on the levels of IFN-γand IL-10 of the central nervous system(CNS) in experimental allergic encephalomyelitis(EAE). METHODS: EAE was induced in Wistar rats by immunization of spinal cords homogenate of guinea pigs (GPSCH) and completed Freund’s adjuvant(CFA). EAE rats received AGM intraperitoneally at 25 mg /kg, 50 mg /kg, 100 mg /kg per day for two weeks, respectively, the levels of IFN-γ and IL-10 of the CNS in EAE were observed with the method of sandwich-enzyme-linked inmunosorbent assay (ELISA). RESULTS: AGM could decrease the incidence of EAE, alleviate its clinical manifestation. The level of IFN-γin CNS of model group was significantly increased and the level of IL-10 was significantly decresed, compared with control group (P <0.05 or P < 0.01). In the CNS of three groups treated with different doses of AGM, the level of IL-10 was significantly incresed and the level of IFN-γwas significantly decresed, compared with model group(P<0.05). CONCLUSION: AGM could regulate the ratio of Th1 /Th2 in EAE, increase the level of IL-10 and decrease the level of IFN-γin the CNS of EAE.

Establishment of fusion protein eukaryotic expression vector of singlechain antibody fragments reacting with human CD₁₃ and scorpion toxin polypeptide AGAP and the target lethal effect to NB4 cells

NI Wu-hua, LUO Chao, YU Kang, WU Jian-bo

2008, 13(11):  1231-1236. 

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AIM: To establish the eukaryotic expression vector of single-chain antibody fragments reacting with human CD₁₃ and scorpion toxin polypeptide analgesic antitumoral peptide (AGAP) and the target lethal effect to NB4 cells by genetic engineering method. METHODS: Buthus martensii Karsch active peptide AGAP gene was inserted eukaryotic expression vector pSecTag2 /CD₁₃ /RFP, and the recombinate eukaryotic expression vector pSecTag2 /CD₁₃ /AGAP was obtained. After double enzyme digestion and DNA sequencing identification, the vector was transfected into 293T cell line, the AGAP recombinant gene and protein expression were detected by RT-PCR and western blot methods. The recombinant protein was purified by ProBond(tm) Nickel-Chelating Resin kit and used to treat NB4 cells. NB4 cell cytoactive was measured by CCK-8 and the cell cycle was analyzed by FCM. RESULTS: The eukaryotic expression vector pSecTag2/ CD₁₃ /AGAP was successfully established by double enzyme digestion and DNA sequencing identification. AGAP gene and protein expression were detected by RT-PCR and Western Blot after the vectors were transfected into 293T cells. After treatment with the purified recombinant protein CD₁₃-AGAP, NB4 cells viability were decreased and CD₁₃-AGAP recombinant protein arrested NB4 cell cycle in G₁ phase and decreased in S phase. CONCLUSION: The recombinant plasmid pSecTag2 /CD₁₃ /AGAP was successfully established and expressed in 293T cells, the recombinant protein CD₁₃- AGAP had lethal effect to NB4 cells.

Efficacy and safety of sustained-released tablet of aceclofenac in the treatment of patients with rheumatoid arthritis

LI Xiao-mei, LI Xiang-pei, QIAN Long, WANG Guo-sheng, SHAN Shu-guang

2008, 13(11):  1237-1242. 

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AIM: To compare the efficacy and safety of sustained-released tablet of aceclofenac versus aceclofenac in patients with active rheumatoid arthritis (RA). METHODS: Randomized, double-blind, double-simulated, paralleled, and controlled clinical trial was performed. 45 RA patients randomly assigned to two groups (treatment group n =22, controlled group n =23). The treatment group was given sustained- released tablet of aceclofenac 200mg once a day and the controlled group was given aceclofenac 100 mg twice a day. The total course lasted for 4 weeks. RESULTS: The total effective rates of the treatment group and the control group were 63.6 %(n =22) and 69.6 % (n =23), respectively after treatment for 4 weeks. Both drugs could improve the symptoms and signs of RA. The adverse reaction rate was 13.0 %, 12.0 % in the treatment group and control group, there was no statistical significance between the two groups (P > 0.05). CONCLUSION: Sustained-released tablet of aceclofenac is a safe and effective drug, as same as aceclofenac tablet, and also a more convenient drug in treating RA.

Effects of atorvastatin on renal angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 expression in hypertensive rats

ZHANG Lin-ye, XING Wen, WANG An-cai

2008, 13(11):  1243-1248. 

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AIM: To observe the effects of atorvastatin on the expressions of renal angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) in two kidney and one-clip (2K1C) hypertensive rats and to explore new possible mechanism of atorvastatin in decreasing systolic blood pressure(SBP). METHODS: 40 male Wistar rats were randomly divided into five groups (8 in each group): sham operation group, 2K1C hypertension group, 2K1C +valsartan group(20 mg·kg^-1·d^-1), low dose atorvastatin group (10 mg·kg^-1 ·d^-1) and high dose atorvastatin group(30 mg·kg^-1 ·d^-1). SBP was measured by tail-cuff method before and one week after operation as well as 4 weeks and 8 weeks after drug intervention. After 8 weeks the renal ACE2 protein expression, myocardial Ang Ⅱ level and kidney ACE2 mRNA expression were determined by immunohistochemistry, radioimmunoassay and RT-PCR, respectively. RESULTS: The SBP and angiotensin Ⅱ concentration of rat myocardial tissue in high dose atorvastatin group were significantly decreased compared with those of the hypertension group (P<0.01). RT-PCR results showed that the levels of renal ACE2 mRNA expression in hypertension group was decreased to a certain extent compared with those of the Valsartan group, low and high doses of atorvastatin groups (P<0.05). CONCLUSION: Kidney ACE2 protein and ACE2 mRNA expression are deceased in 2K1C hypertensive rats. The SBP and the concentration of angiotensin Ⅱin rat cardiac tissue are decreased and the expressions of ACE2 and ACE2mRNA in renal tissue are increased in atorvastatin groups.

Application of EEG nonlinear analysis in anaesthesia with target controlled infusion of propofol

GUO Xu, ZHANG Hong, FENG Ze-guo, MI Wei-dong

2008, 13(11):  1249-1253. 

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AIM: To study the effects of anaesthesia on different encephalic regions with target controlled infusion of propofol using EEG nonlinear analysis method and to investigate its clinical significance. METHODS: 40 patients undergoing selected abdomen operations were randomly divided into propofol group A (3 μg /mL) and group B (4 μg /mL), n =20.EEG nonlinear parameters such as approximate entropy (ApEn), association dimension (D₂), complexity (Cx) were recorded using total intravenous anesthesia, and the changes of blood pressure (BP), heart rate (HR), pulse oxygen saturation (SpO₂) were observed. RESULTS: Nonlinear parameters were decreased at different encephalic regions after propofol sedation with statistical significance(P <0.05). Compared the nonlinear parameter of each group during the period of the operation, there were no significant differences between the two groups. In the process of achiving target propofol concentration, the encephalic region suppressed sequence were from frontal and parietal region to temporal lobe and occipital region, and after drug withdrawal, the excitation was recovered from temporal and occipital region to frontal and parietal region. CONCLUSION: During the operation, the nonlinar parameters are different at various stages and in the different encephalic regions. There is no statistical difference for the inhibitive effect on brain regions using 3 μg /mL and 4 μg /mL propofol respectively(P >0.05).

Pharmacokinetics of nobiletin in rats and Beagle dogs

CHEN Xi-jing, YU Xue, REN Wei-chao, SUN Wei, LU Yang, HE Jia-ke

2008, 13(11):  1254-1258. 

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AIM: To investigate the pharmacokinetics of nobiletin in rats and Beagle dogs. METHODS: The concentration of nobiletin in plasma was measured by HPLC after intragastric administration and intravenous injection. RESULTS: In rats, the t_max values of nobiletin by intragastric administration at doses of 8, 16 and 32 mg /kg were 20, 30 and 30 min, respectively, and the C_max values were (300 ±171), (468 ±122) and (982 ±449) ng /mL respectively and the bioavailability was (14.6 ±2.7) %.In Beagle dogs, the t_max value of nobiletin after oral administration at a single dose of 4 mg /kg was (95 ±12) min, the C_max value was (435.6 ±88.1) ng /mL and the bioavailability was (27.4 ±8.4) %. CONCLUSION: After oral administration, nobiletin was rapidly absorbed in rats and Beagle dogs, but had low bioavailability. The values of t_max, t_{1 /2α} and t_{1 /2β} were different between the two species of animals obviously.

Effects of atorvastatin on large-conductance calcium-activated potassium channel of arteria mesenterica minor smooth muscle cells in spontaneously hypertensive rats

XIA Chao-hong, KONG Xiang-quan, YANG Yu-wen, SUN Bo-feng

2008, 13(11):  1259-1262. 

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AIM: To evaluate the effects of atorvastatin on large-conductance calcium-activated potassium channel(BKCa, MaxiK) of arteria mesenterica minor smooth muscle cells in spontaneously hypertensive rats. METHODS: Twelve male spontaneously hypertensive rats(SHR) aged 9 weeks were randomly divided into atorvastatin treatment group(ATV group, n =6) and distilled water group(DW group, n =6), and 6 Wistar-Kyoto rats were as normal control group (n = 6). Atorvastatin and appropriate distilled water were administered to rats in ATV group (50 mg·kg^-1·d^-1) for 10 weeks by intragastric administration. The changes of abdominal aortic blood pressure were observed and the contents of TC, TG, LDL-C in serum were measured before and after treatment. The arterial mesenterica smooth muscle cell potassium current were recorded using whole cell patch clamp. The BKCa membrane capacitance and its current densitys were detected after the BKCa was blocked using tetraethylammonium. RESULTS: The abdominal aorta blood pressure in ATV group was much lower than that in DW group[(171 ±8) mm Hg vs(190 ±10) mm Hg, P < 0.01] (1 mm Hg =0.133 kPa). The BKCa membrane capacitance of arteria mesenterica smoothmuscle cell in ATV group was decreased [(23.8 ±2.6) pF vs (30.0 ±2.5) pF, P <0.01] and the current density was significantly increased[(13.2 ±1.2) pA /pF vs (9.2 ±1.2) pA /pF, P <0.01) compared with that in DW group, but there was no difference compared with that in WKY group. CONCLUSION: Long-term administration of atorvastatin can effectively reduce the blood pressure of SHR. The mechanism probably is the BKCa is activiated by atorvastatin and the angiotasis is adjusted.

Application of EEG nonlinear analysis in anaesthesia with target controlled infusion of propofol

GUO Xu, ZHANG Hong, FENG Ze-guo, MI Wei-dong

2008, 13(11):  1263-1267. 

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AIM: To study the effects of anaesthesia on different encephalic regions with target controlled infusion of propofol using EEG nonlinear analysis method and to investigate its clinical significance. METHODS: 40 patients undergoing selected abdomen operations were randomly divided into propofol group A (3 μg /mL) and group B (4 μg /mL), n =20.EEG nonlinear parameters such as approximate entropy (ApEn), association dimension (D₂), complexity (Cx) were recorded using total intravenous anesthesia, and the changes of blood pressure (BP), heart rate (HR), pulse oxygen saturation (SpO₂) were observed. RESULTS: Nonlinear parameters were decreased at different encephalic regions after propofol sedation with statistical significance(P <0.05). Compared the nonlinear parameter of each group during the period of the operation, there were no significant differences between the two groups. In the process of achiving target propofol concentration, the encephalic region suppressed sequence were from frontal and parietal region to temporal lobe and occipital region, and after drug withdrawal, the excitation was recovered from temporal and occipital region to frontal and parietal region. CONCLUSION: During the operation, the nonlinar parameters are different at various stages and in the different encephalic regions. There is no statistical difference for the inhibitive effect on brain regions using 3 μg /mL and 4 μg /mL propofol respectively(P >0.05).

Changes of hepatocyte growth factor concentration in serum after transcatheter arterial chemoembolization for patients with hepatocellular carcinoma and its clinical significance

LI Bo, NI Cai-fang, LIU Yi-zhi, JING Yong-hai, ZHU Xiao-li, ZOU Jian-wei

2008, 13(11):  1268-1271. 

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AIM: To analyze the changes of hepatocyte growth factor(HGF) concentration in serum after transcatheter arterial chemoembolization (TACE) for patients with hepatocellular carcinoma and its clinical significance. METHODS: Thirty patients with hepatic cellular cancer (HCC) undergoing TACE were studied. Serum HGF levels were determined using ELISA kit before and after TACE respectively. The correlations of clinical pathologic parameters with the serum HGF concentration were analyzed respectively. Serum HGF concentrations of 10 healthy blood donors and 10 patients with chronic viral hepatitis B (CH) and 10 patients with liver cirrhosis(LC) were studied as control respectively. RESULTS: The mean HGF level in the HCC group was significantly higher than those in the normal controls, the CH group and the LC group[(0.63 ± 0.28) ng /mL vs (0.17 ±0.04) ng /mL, (0.35 ± 0.08) ng /mL and (0.39 ±0.09) ng /mL, P <0.05]. There was a peak of serum HGF concentrations on the third day after TACE[(1.37 ±0.21) ng /mL], and the HGF level declined on the seventh day[(0.79 ±0.14) ng /mL], and then returned to normal level on the twenty-eighth day[(0.66 ±0.19) ng /mL]. The patients with metastases after TACE had a higher level of serum HGF than others [(0.94 ±0.18) ng /mL vs (0.51 ±0.23) ng /mL, P <0.05]. The patients who were treated with larger volumes had a higher level of serum HGF than those who were treated with smaller volumes on the third day after TACE [(1.74 ±0.16) ng /mL vs (1.16 ±0.17) ng /mL, P <0.05]. CONCLUSION: Serum HGF level is a useful tumor marker and an indicator of prognosis for patients with HCC, the sustained high level of HGF may be a factor related to early tumor metastases.

Pharmacokinetics of nobiletin in rats and Beagle dogs

CHEN Xi-jing, YU Xue, REN Wei-chao, SUN Wei, LU Yang, HE Jia-ke

2008, 13(11):  1272-1276. 

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AIM: To investigate the pharmacokinetics of nobiletin in rats and Beagle dogs. METHODS: The concentration of nobiletin in plasma was measured by HPLC after intragastric administration and intravenous injection. RESULTS: In rats, the t_max values of nobiletin by intragastric administration at doses of 8, 16 and 32 mg /kg were 20, 30 and 30 min, respectively, and the C_max values were (300 ±171), (468 ±122) and (982 ±449) ng /mL respectively and the bioavailability was (14.6 ±2.7) %.In Beagle dogs, the t_max value of nobiletin after oral administration at a single dose of 4 mg /kg was (95 ±12) min, the C_max value was (435.6 ±88.1) ng /mL and the bioavailability was (27.4 ±8.4) %. CONCLUSION: After oral administration, nobiletin was rapidly absorbed in rats and Beagle dogs, but had low bioavailability. The values of t_max, t_{1 /2α} and t_{1 /2β} were different between the two species of animals obviously.

Experimental study for antidepressant effects on the dose-effect relationship of Helicid derivate W0620

TONG Jiu-cui, SUN Rui-yuan, JIANG Si-yan, YANG Bin, RUI Jia-liang, LI Juan, XIE Hai-tang

2008, 13(11):  1277-1281. 

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AIM: To investigate the dose-effect relationship of Helicid derivate W0620 for immobility time using the tail suspension test in mice. METHODS: Antidepressant effects of different dosage of W0620 were studied on the behavioral despair animal model-tail suspension test in mice, and the stimulative effects on the central nervous system (CNS) were observed by the autonomic activity test in mice. RESULTS: Four dose groups of W0620(5.91, 17.73, 53.20, 159.60 mg /kg) had no effects on autonomic activity in mice (P >0.05), and three dose groups of W0620(17.73, 53.20, 159.60 mg /kg) could significantly shorten the mice immobility time (P <0.01) compared with that of the control group. A sigmoid curvilinear relationship was shown between the logarithmic doses of W0620 and the antidepressant effects, the pharmacodynamic parameters were as follow: E_max 80.79 s, E_base 12.13 s, K 9.16 mg /kg, H 3.38, ED₅₀ 9.16 mg /kg, E₅₀ 46.46 s, ED₈₀ 13.81 mg /kg, E₈₀ 67.05 s, ED₉₀ 17.56 mg /kg, E₉₀ 73.92 s. CONCLUSION: W0620 has an obviously antidepressant effect whereas it has no inhibition action on CNS. There is a sigmoid curvilinear relationship between the logarithmic doses and the antidepressant effects.

Efficacy and safety of sustained-released tablet of aceclofenac in the treatment of patients with rheumatoid arthritis

LI Xiao-mei, LI Xiang-pei, QIAN Long, WANG Guo-sheng, SHAN Shu-guang

2008, 13(11):  1282-1282. 

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AIM: To compare the efficacy and safety of sustained-released tablet of aceclofenac versus aceclofenac in patients with active rheumatoid arthritis (RA). METHODS: Randomized, double-blind, double-simulated, paralleled, and controlled clinical trial was performed. 45 RA patients randomly assigned to two groups (treatment group n =22, controlled group n =23). The treatment group was given sustained- released tablet of aceclofenac 200mg once a day and the controlled group was given aceclofenac 100 mg twice a day. The total course lasted for 4 weeks. RESULTS: The total effective rates of the treatment group and the control group were 63.6 %(n =22) and 69.6 % (n =23), respectively after treatment for 4 weeks. Both drugs could improve the symptoms and signs of RA. The adverse reaction rate was 13.0 %, 12.0 % in the treatment group and control group, there was no statistical significance between the two groups (P > 0.05). CONCLUSION: Sustained-released tablet of aceclofenac is a safe and effective drug, as same as aceclofenac tablet, and also a more convenient drug in treating RA.

Evaluation of tacrolimus combining with liver-aid tablet in the treatment of acute rejection after liver transplantation

ZHANG Qing, CHEN Hong, ZHANG Li, TIAN Yan, NIU Yu-jian, LI Qin, CHEN Xin-guo, ZANG Yun-jin, SHEN Zhong-yang

2008, 13(11):  1286-1290. 

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AIM: To evaluate the effects of tacrolimus (FK506) combining with liver-aid tablet in treatment of acute rejection after liver transplantation. METHODS: Forty-seven cases with mild to moderate acute rejection after liver transplantation were reviewed, 23 in FK506 combining with liver-aid tablet treatment group, 24 in FK506 without liver-aid tablet control group. Besides treatments with FK506, 23 patients with acute rejection in the treatment group were given liver-aid tablet three pills twice daily. To analyze blood concentration of FK506 biochemically and levels of liver function on the sixth day, fourteenth day after treatments, respectively. RESULTS: The blood concentration of FK506 in the treatment group had a significantly increase as compared with the control group (P <0.01). Liver functions of the patients in the treatment group were improved significantly (P <0.05) on both the sixth day and fourteenth day. Levels of alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate transferase (AST), total bilirubin (TBIL) and direct bilirubin (DBIL) in the treatment group were all significantly lower than those of the control group. The effective rate in treatment group on the 6th day was 47.83 %, and the total effective rate was 91.30 %.Therapeutic effects in the treatment group were significantly better than that in the control group (P < 0.05). CONCLUSION: FK506 combining with liver-aid tablet is safe and effective for the treatment of acute rejection after liver transplantation. Liver-aid tablet is useful not only for promoting liver function, but also for increasing FK506 concentration, as well as for saving money on FK506.

A randomized double-blind control study on oxiracetam and donepezil in treating Alzheimer disease

NI Jian-liang, WANG Shui-hong, YANG Hua, CHEN Song, WEI Li-juan

2008, 13(11):  1291-1294. 

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AIM: To compare the efficacy and safety of oxiracetam and donepezil in treating Alzheimer disease with mild and moderate MMSE scores. METHODS: 68 patients were randomly divided into oxiracetam group(p.o., n =34) and donepezil group (p.o., n =34). The MMSE and Blessed-Roth measuring scales were used to evaluate the curative effects before treatment and three months after treatment. RESULTS: There were significant differences between the indexes expect for activities of daily living before and after treatment in two groups (P <0.01). The isoeffect or unpessimum test showed the MMSE scores in the two groups were isoeffective, the Blessed-Roth scores in oxiracetam group were inferior to those in donepezil group(P >0.05). CONCLUSION: The curative effect and safety of oxiracetam and donepezil in treating mild and moderate Alzheimer disease are similar.

Effects of levocarnitine in treating patients with acute exacerbation of chronic pulmonary heart disease

YAN Pei-qing, BU Xian-cong, GE Chang-sheng, FENG Hui, ZHANG Hua, YU Xiao-hong

2008, 13(11):  1295-1297. 

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AIM: To evaluate the efficacy of levocarnitine in treating patients with acute exacerbation of chronic pulmonary heart disease. METHODS: 126 patients were divided into two groups randomly: 60 patients in control group were treated with conventional therapy for inhalling oxygen, controlling infection, relieving asthma, expelling phlegm and diuresis ;66 patients in test group were treated with 3 g /d levocarnitine, i.v. drip for 14 days in addition to conventional therapy. RESULTS: The total effective rate in test group was superior to that of control group(P <0.01). The arterial blood gases, cardiac index, ejection fraction and right ventricular internal diameter were improved significantly(P <0.01) in two groups. The test group was remarkably improved compared with control group after treatment (P <0.01). CONCLUSION: Levocarnitine is effective in treating patients with acute exacerbation of chronic pulmonary heart disease.

Effect of glucagon-like peptide-1 for the treatment of diabetes mellitus

LU Shou-si, YU Yun-li, LIU Xiao-dong, YANG Yong-ge

2008, 13(11):  1298-1303. 

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Glucagon-like peptide-1(GLP-1) is one of the key incretins secreted by L-cell in intestine. The bioactivities of GLP-1 in vivo includes the enhancement of glucose-dependent insulin secretion and insulin dilivery, suppression of glucagon secretion, promotion of β-cell proliferation and differentiation, inhibition of gastric emptying and appetite. Studies demonstrated that GLP-1 might be used as a new drug for the treatment of diabetes mellitus and obesity in future. However, GLP-1 is quickly degradated by DPP-IV in vivo and its plasma half-life is short, thus the studies of DPP-IV inhibitors are another aspect for durg development. At present, several GLP-1 derivates and DPP-Ⅳ inhibitors may have important application perspective as new therapeutic agents in the treatment of diabetes mellitus and obesity.

Advancement of pharmacological effects of xanthones in the cardiovascular system

LIU Si-yu, SHI Rui-zheng, FAN Ruo-hao, JIANG De-jian

2008, 13(11):  1304-1308. 

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Xanthones are a class of polyphenolic compounds that commonly occur in plants and have been shown to have extensive biological and pharmacological activities. Recently, the pharmacological properties of xanthone derivatives have been shown to have beneficial effects on some cardiovascular diseases, including ischemic heart disease, atherosclerosis, hypertension and thrombosis. The protective effects of xanthones in the cardiovascular system may be due to their antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, endothelial protective, platelet aggregation inhibitory, antithrombotic and vasorelaxant activities.

In vivo analytical methods for polypeptide drugs

WANG Jing, GUAN Yong-biao

2008, 13(11):  1309-1314. 

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Polypeptide drugs provide a new field for new drug research, as well as one of the most active and rapid fields of new drug development. At present, how to determine the polypeptide drugs in the biological matrix is a difficulty in the world which faces to a lot of challenges.The widely used methods are ELISA and radiation isotope labeling. HPLC-MS /MS develops fast and will become the most important method for polypeptide drugs determination in vivo. This article will review the pros and cons, application status and development trend of several analytical method used in the world.

New progress of axillary brachial plexus block

LI kuai-cun, ZHANG Xu-tong, XU Xu-zhong

2008, 13(11):  1315-1320. 

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The axillary brachial plexus block anesthetize method is commonly used in the forearm and hand surgery. The traditional positioning method located the nerve according to the anatomic landmark and paresthesia when nerve was stabbed, with low achievement ratio and common complications of neurovascular injury. In recent years, nerve stimulation and ultrasound- guided technique has been gradually used in clinic, with greatly increased achievement ratio and decreased complications. Peripheral nerve stimulator (PNS)can locate the target nerve. High-frequency ultrasound can show a clear image about axillary brachial plexus structure and surrounding corresp tissue. The association of the above two methods can accurately locate the target nerve and avoid the injury of nerve and blood vessel. This research explore the new progress of axillary brachial plexus block from the development of position technique.