Table of Content

Volume 10 Issue 7
26 July 2005

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Impact of CYP3A4 and P-glycoprotein on drug disposition in intestine

XIN Hua-wen

2005, 10(7):  721-725. 

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Intestinal CYP3A4-mediated biotransformation and active efflux of absorbed drug by P-glycoprotein are major determinants of bioavailability of orally administered drugs. The expression of CYP3A4 and P-glycoprotein in the intestine is not co-ordinately regulated. However, synergistic actions of CYP3A4 and P-glycoprotein in intestinal drug disposition have been confirmed by in vitro and animal studies. Further understanding of this interaction would be potentially useful to improve oral bioavailability of CYP3A4 /-glycoprotein substrates.

New approach to action and biosynthesis of AngII and on it research

ZHANG Nan, KANG Yi, LOU Jian-shi

2005, 10(7):  726-729. 

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Renin-angiotensin system (RAS) is correlative with many diseases. Angio tensin II (AngII) plays an important role as the final effective approach for RAS. This article reviews the main approach to the action and biosynthesis of AngII: including AngII receptor blocker (ARB), chymase inhibitor and ACE2 which were disscoverd recently.

Progress in animal model of dermatitis and eczema

XU Zong-yan, WU Tie, WU Zhi-hua

2005, 10(7):  730-733. 

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Dermatitis and eczema are allergic relapsing inflammatory skin disorders. The precise mechanisms still are unclear. Experimental animal models are indispensable tools to study the pathogenic mechanisms and test novel therapy. A considerable number of mouse models have been proposed and used to study specific aspects of the disease. This paper summarizes the currently available animal models.

Pharmacokinetics of notoginsenoside R₁ in Beagle dogs by LC-MS

MAO Xiang-jun, SUN Jian-guo, LV Tian, WANG Guang-ji, SHENG Long-sheng, LIU Weng-ying

2005, 10(7):  734-737. 

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AIM: To establish an analytical method for determination of notoginsenoside R₁ concentration in plasma and to study its pharmacokinetic profile in dogs. METHODS: Six dogs were intravenously administration of 0.7131 mg·kg^-1 notoginsenoside R₁. Blood samples were collected at various time-points after drug administration. Analytical method based on liquid chromatography- mass spectrometry(LC-MS) was established to determine the plasma concentration of notoginsenoside R₁. Pharmacokinetic evaluation was carried out using the 3P97 program. RESULTS: The calibration curves were linear over the concentration ranged from 5 to 2 000 μg·L^-1 (γ =0.9996). The intra-day and inter-day precisions were generally good (<15 %) at low, medium and high concentrations. The overall recovery was more than 90 %. Six dogs were intravenously administration of 0.7131 mg·kg^-1 notoginsenoside R₁, and an open two compartment model best described the concentration-time profiles for notoginsenoside R₁. The half-lifes for the rapid and slow distribution phase (T_1/2α and T_1/2β) were 38.59 and 230.06 min, respectively. The total area under the plasma concentration /time curve (AUC), the volume of the central compartment (V) and plasma clearance(CL) were 67353.75 mg·min·ml^-1, 3.53 L·kg^-1 and 0.1068 L·kg^-1 ·min^-1, respectively. CONCLUSION: The analytical method is sensitive, specific, rapid and reproducible, and it is suitable for pharmacokinetic studies of notoginsenoside R₁.

Evaluation of tissue doppler echocardiography on detecting early myocardial relaxation abnormality in adriamycin-induced cardiomyopathy rabbits

FEI Hong-wen, WANG Xin-fang, XIE Ming-xing, HE Ya-le

2005, 10(7):  738-742. 

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AIM: To evaluate myocardial relaxation function changes in an adriamycin-induced cardiomyopathy model using the transmitral flow velocity to mitral annular velocity ratio (E/E’), a strong positive relationship with left ventricular filling pressure and a good indicator for evaluating left ventricular diastolic relaxation abnormality. METHODS: Twenty-eight Japanese rabbits were divided into two groups. Adriamycin was administered at a dose of 2mg·kg^-1 intravenous once a week for 8 weeks (total dose of 16 mg·kg^-1) in 20 rabbits to induce the cardiomyopathy model.8 rabbits served as controls receiving the same amount of saline once a week for a total of 8 weeks. Conventional and tissue Doppler echocardiography (TDE) were performed at baseline, 4th, 6th, 8th, 10th and 12th week. RESULTS: In the adriamycin- treated group, LV chamber diameter significantly increased, while ejection fraction and fraction shortening significantly decreased in 10th and 12th week (P < 0.05). The significant changes were firstly found in 10th week. Mitral annulus systolic peak velocity (S’) by TDE significantly decreased in 8th, 10th and 12th week (P < 0.05). The significant changes were firstly found in 8th week. The ratio of E/E’ significantly increased in 6th, 8th, 10th and 12th week (P < 0.05). The significant changes were firstly found in 6th week. In the control group, no significant changes were found in all parameter by tissue Doppler conventional echocardiography (P > 0.05). CONCLUSION: Myocardial function is reduced in adriamycin-induced rabbit model of dilated cardiomyopathy. The relaxation parameter (E/E’) by TDE changes is earlier than contraction indices S’ by TDE and conventional echocardiography in adriamycin-induced cardiomyopathy rabbits, which provides a new sensitive and reliable method to evaluate LV relaxation function.

Development of reliable primary cultured hepatocytes model

ZHOU Xing-hui, WANG Bing-li, TAN Huan-ran

2005, 10(7):  743-746. 

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AIM: To develop a reliable primary cultured hepatocytes model in vitro for liver metastasis research. METHODS: Hepatocytes were isolated by a modification of the two-step collagenase perfusionmethod. The apoptosis and cell cycle of hepatocytes were measured with flow cytometry. The proliferation of hepatocytes was detected by SRB method. RESULTS: The viability and purity of hepatocytes were 90 % and 95 %, respectively. The result of flow cytometry analysis showed that there was little apoptosis in hepatocytes and most of hepatocytes were in G₀ /G₁ phase. The proliferation and albumin-secreting function of hepatocyte cultured by low glucose DMEM and high glucose DMEM were higher than that of cultured by RPMI1640 during 1 to 6 day, but there was no significant different between low glucose DMEM group and high glucose DMEM group. CONCLUSION: Hepatocytes have higher purity and viability with the normal biological activity for about 6 days by this method and it may be a cell model for the study of liver metastasis in vitro.

Grey correlative analysis of bone volume and factors in ovariectomized rats

FENG You-hui, XU Bi-lian, HE Kang, LIU Yu-yu, ZOU Li-yi

2005, 10(7):  747-749. 

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AIM: To study the factors that affect bone volume in ovariectomized rats. METHODS: The bone volume and factors were analyzed by the grey system theory method in ovariectomized rats. RESULTS: Serum estradiol was the most important factor for the bone volume, followed by the bone contents of calcium, phosphorus and magnesium. Serum calcium, phosphorus and the bone contents of hydroxyproline were the less important factors for the bone volume. CONCLUSION: Serum estradiol and bone contents of calcium are the most important factors that affect bone volume in ovariectomized rats.

Design of livin antisense oligonucleotides with computer

ZHANG Hua-dong, YUAN Shou-jun, CHEN Hui-peng

2005, 10(7):  750-754. 

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AIM: Antisense oligonucleotides against livin were designed with computer software. METHODS: Antisense oligonucleotides were designed according to the secondary structure of livin mRNA which was simulated with RNAdraw and Sfold. And then these oligonucleotides were transfected into Hela cells for inducing apoptosis. RESULTS: Five antisense oligonucleotides were designed using RNAdraw and Sfold, and effectively induced Hela cell apoptosis. CONCLUSION: The approach is effective and feasible to design antisense oligonucleotides by means of calculation with two kinds of software.

Inhibition of NF-kappa B activation by Bay117082 attenuate apoptosis induced by HCPT in Breast cancer Bcap 37 cells

YE Meng, LIN Lei, FANG Yong, PAN Hong-ming, WU Jin-min

2005, 10(7):  755-759. 

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AIM: To investigate the role of Bay117082 in apoptosis induced by 10-Hydroxycamptothecin (HCPT) in human breast carcinoma cells. METHODS: The cell growth inhibiting was measured by MTT assay, agarose gel eletrophoresis were performed for cell apoptosis, Western Blotting were performed for protein expression. DIG-EMSA was conducted to determine the DNA-binding activation of NF κB. RESULTS: 5 mmol·L^-1 Bay117082 had a remarkable inhibition on apoptosis induced by HCPT in breast cancer cells. NF κB was not activated after exposing to HCPT plus Bay117082.Pro-Caspase3 and Bcl-2 were not degraded either. CONCLUSION: Bay117082 may attenuate apoptosis induced by HCPT through inhibiting activation of NF κB in Bcap37 cell line.

Effects of different dosage of amiodarone on heart rate and rhythm in healthy volunteers

WANG Fang, WANG Li, HUA Lu, HU Yin, KANG Jian, ZHANG Yin-feng, LI Yi-shi

2005, 10(7):  760-763. 

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AIM: To compare the effects of 600 mg·d^-1 and 800 mg·d^-1 amiodarone on heart rate and rhythm in healthy volunteers. METHODS: 16 subjects were randomly assigned to two groups: amiodarone 800 mg·d^-1 and 600mg·d ^-1 group. The drug was withdrawal when bradycardia arrhythmia occurred. The ECG and Holter were detected during procedure. RESULTS: Mean HR in 800 mg·d ^-1 and 600 mg·d ^-1 amiodarone group was significantly lower than that in the baseline after drugs were administrated 1 day (65 ±7.4 vs 75 ± 15.6 bpm, P <0.05) and 2 days, respectively, but both return to normal at 3 days afterwithdrawal. The earliest manifestation of ECG was prolongation of PR interval which was dose-related. QTc was prolonged after administration. Mean HR and total HR of 24 hours recorded by Holter significantly decreased at 3rd day in 800 mg·d ^-1, while they were not decreased in 600 mg·d ^-1 .HR restored to normal at 1 week after withdrawal. The reasons for withdrawal were prolongation of PR interval, paroxysmal sinus arrest, conjuncular /ventricular escape, II degree I /II atrioventricular block and sinus bradycardia. CONCLUSION: The earliest manifestation of amiodarone’s pro-arrhythmia is prolongation of PR interval which is dose-related. So the monitoring of PR interval is necessary after administration.

Effects of crocetin on doxorubicin-induced damage in rats with myocardial mitochondria

LI Wen-na, QIAN Zhi-yu

2005, 10(7):  764-767. 

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AIM: To study the protective effects of crocetin on the doxorubicin-induced damage in rats with myocardial mitochondria. METHODS: Rats were given intraperitoneal injection of doxorubicin to induce cardiotoxicity. After continuous oral administration of crocetin, the rats were sacrificed, and myocardial mitochondria were isolated. The mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP), $O^{-}_{2}$.production, the activity of respiratory chain complex IV and glutathione peroxidase (GSH-PX), and DNA fragmentation were determined. The expression level of COII gene was determined through RT-PCR. RESULTS: Crocetin increased the activity of respiratory chain complex IV and GSH-PX, MMP and the expression level of COII and decreased DNA fragmentation and superoxide anion radical $O^{-}_{2}$.production in rats with myocardial mitochondria. CONCLUSION: Crocetin may decrease the damage in rat myocardial mitochondria induced by doxorubicin.

Determination of five metabolites of caffeine in urine to assess three drugmetabolying biotransformation enzyme activities by HPLC with direct injection method

LI Jun, PENG Xiang-qian, ZHANG Jian, GUO Rui-chan

2005, 10(7):  768-771. 

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AIM: To establish a HPLC method with direct injection for determining five major metabolites of caffeine including 5-acetylamino-6-formylamino-3-methyluracil (AFMU), 1-methylxanthine (1X), 1-methyluric acid (1U), 1, 7-dimethyluricacid (17U) and 1, 7-dimethylxanthine (17X) in the urine and assess the activities of N -acetyltransferase (NAT2), cytochrome P4501A2 (CYP1A2) and xanthine oxidase (XO). METHODS: The contents of five major metabolites of caffeine in the urine were determined by RP-HPLC method. Frequency distribution histogram were drawn by calculating the AFMU /(AFMU +1X +1U), (AFMU +1X +1U) /17U and 1U /(1X +1U) and then evaluated the activity of NAT2, CYP1A2 and XO, respectively. RESULTS: The frequency distribution histograms of NAT2 indicated two distinct distibution, and the subjects were classified as slow acetylators if PAR<0.26 or as fast if PAR >0.26.The frequency distribution of CYP1A2 and XO histograms indicated normal distribution. CONCLUSION: The method is simple, accurate, rapid, and suitable for the determination of metabolites of caffeine in urine. The method can be used to assay the activities of NAT2, CYP1A2 and XO.

Effects of Naftopidil’ ramification-BWYJ on intracellularlar free Ca²⁺ in smooth cells

WANG Hui-jiu, HUANG Xie-nan, JIANG Qing-song, WU Qin, SUN An-sheng, SHI Jing-shan

2005, 10(7):  772-775. 

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AIM: To observed the effects of BWYJ (a naftopidil ramification) on intracellularlar free Ca²⁺ ([Ca²⁺]_i) in smooth cells (SMCs) in order to further explore its vasodilative mechanisms. METHODS: The [Ca²⁺] _i was determined with the Fura-2 /AM loaded SMCs in aorta of rabbit, and the effects of BWYJ on the elevation induced by NA, and high potassium and 5-HT were observe. RESULTS: In the Fura-2 /AM loaded SMCs, BWYJ had no effect on the resting [Ca²⁺] _i, but it reduced the increase of [Ca²⁺] _i induced by NA and 5- HT, and there was no influence on the increase of [Ca²⁺] _i induced by high potassium. CONCLUSION: The vasodilative mechanisms of BWYJ may be related to its inhibitive effects on the Ca²⁺-influx and Ca²⁺-release mediated by α₁- and 5-HT₂A receptors. It inhibits the release of intracellular calcium, and the result is it decrease the [Ca²⁺] _i in SMCs.

Protective effects of PL compound on experimental arrhythmias

AN Wei, YANG Jing, ZHANG Jian-zhong, WANG Jun-jun, LIU Mao-nan

2005, 10(7):  776-780. 

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AIM: To investigate the protective effects of PL compound on experimental arrhythmias. METHODS: 3 arrhythmic animal models which inhalation of chloroform to induce ventricular fibrillation (VF) in mice, CaCl₂ to induce arrhythmia and myocardial to induce ischemia-reperfusion in rats. At the same time, the changes were observed by lead Ⅱ dynamic ECG. The activities of LDH, CK were determined, respectively. PAF receptor level in myocardial cell of rats was studied by ³HPAF radio legend binding and RT-PCR. Contents of SOD and MDA of myocardium were assayed, respectively. RESULTS: PL (0.04, 0.20, 1.00 g·kg^-1, ig)was shown to protect mice which suffering from VF induced by chloroform, decrease the incidence of VF and death induced by CaCl₂ in rats and shorten duration of ventricular arrhythmia and eliminate the incidence of VF in rats induced by myocardial ischemia-reperfusion. The activities of LDH, CK were reduced by 35.4 %, 51.8 %, 57.5 % and 22.4 %, 34.4 %, 38.4 %when compared with model group. PL compound inhibited PAF receptor level of myocardial cells in dose-dependent manner, increased the activities of SOD and decreased the contents of MDA. CONCLUTION: PL compound has obvious antiarrhythmic effects, the protective action is related to decreasing the expression of PAF receptor of myocardial cells and anti- lipid peroxydation reaction.

Experimental study on hemostatic effects of agacutin, a novel thrombinlike enzyme from Agkistrodon acutus

TANG Song-shan, WANG Xiao-hua, ZHANG Juan-hui, ZHANG Yuan, LEI Tian-luo, BU Xiu-yun

2005, 10(7):  781-786. 

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AIM: To study the hemostatic effects of agacutin in vivo. METHODS: After agacutin was administrated, the indexes on blood coagulation and fibrinogenlysis system were assayed and the hemostatic effect was obtained by observing the mouse tail bleeding time. RESULTS: The intravenous injection of 0.01 - 0.05 U·kg^-1 markedly shortened 44.9 %-60.5 %of the rabbit blood coagulation time. After administration, the peak effect appeared in 30 min and the effect delayed for 24 h. The rabbit blood fibrinogen concentration and blood viscosity were decreased, which coincided with the effect of shortening of blood coagulation time. Agacutin had no influence on APTT, the platelet count, platelet releasing activity, platelet in vitro aggregation, and euglobulin coagulation time (ECT), but agacutin had a weak fibrinolytic activity. In vivo, the ip administration of 0.5 -2.0 U·kg^-1 shortened 24 %-66 %of the mouse tail bleeding time. CONCLUSION: Agacutin causes a higher concentration of soluble fibrin level in vessel and it does not activate prothrombin (II factor) and XIII factor. The hemostatic function is promoted at the wound. In normal vessel, the soluble fibrin does not form insoluble fibrin clot which resulted in thrombosis in vivo.

Influence of aspirin on rats with pressure overloaded hypertrophic myocardium

ZENG Liang-bo, LIANG Zi-jing, WANG Peng-kun, YE Zheng, CHEN Guo-qin, LU Min-jun

2005, 10(7):  787-790. 

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AIM: To investigate the influence of aspirin on rats with pressure overloaded hypertrophic myocardium and change of inflammation marker. METHODS: 17 male SD rats were randomly assigned to sham operated group (S, n =5), operated group (O, n =7), operated + aspirin group (O-A, n =5). Hypertrophic myocardium was induced by gradually constricting the abdominal aorta in rats. After 16 weeks, O-A group was treated with aspirin(100 mg·kg^-1·d^-1) in drinking water for 4 weeks. All rats were determined the left ventricular (LV) structures and functions by echocardiography at 20 weeks after operation, respectively. Hearts were analyzed for determination the organ weight. Myocardial collagen was stained with Masson and CVF-T and CVF-NV were analyzed using a computer assisted procedure. Then, serum levels of TNF-α, IL-6, IL-10, TGF-β, CRP were measured by ELISA. RESULTS: Operated rats increased LV wall thickness, LV internal diameter, LV mass and had decreased FS %.In comparison to S group, TNF-αin O group increased at 20 weeks after operation, but that decreased in O-A group. Levels of IL-10 in O group were increased at 20 weeks. IL-10 in O-A group reduced compared with S group. CVF-T and CVF-NV was the greatest in O group and there was difference between O-A group and S group. CONCLUSION: Inflammation is involved in the development of myocardial hypertrophy. Aspirin has an influence on inflammation marker and may contribute to myocardial collagen remodeling in pressure overload model.

Effects of Astragalus on secretion and mRNA expression of TGF-β₁ induced by peritoneal dialysis solution in cultured human peritoneal mesothelial cell

XU Hai-hong, ZHANG Miao, JIANG Chun-ming

2005, 10(7):  791-794. 

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AIM: To investigate the effects of Astragalus on peritoneal fibrosis correlating peritoneal dialysis. METHODS: Human peritoneal mesothelial cells (HPMC) were cultured in vitro. They were divided into five groups: RPMI1640 culture medium as control group, PDS(peritoneal dialysis solution) containing 1.5 % glucose as PDS group, PDS containing 1.5 % glucose and Astragalus 10mg·ml^-1 as Astragalus group 1, PDS containing 1.5 %glucose and Astragalus 20 mg·ml^-1 as Astragalus group 2 and PDS containing 1.5 % glucose and Astragalus 40mg·ml^-1 as Astragalus group 3 for testing. The levels of TGF-β₁ in supernatant of the cell culture was detected by the method of ELISA and the mRNA expression of TGF-β₁ were tested by the method of reverse transcriptase PCR (RT-PCR) at 24 hours. RESULTS: The level of TGF-β₁ was significant lower in control group than that in PDS group (P < 0.05). Marked lower level of TGF-β₁ was found in Astragalus group 1, Astragalus group 2 and Astragalus group 3 compared with the PDS group (P <0.05). The mRNA expression of TGF-β₁ increased significantly to 162.43 % compared with the control group. The mRNA expression of TGF-β₁ increased 23.52 % in Astragalus group 1, 21.36 % in Astragalus group 2 and 18.71 % in Astragalus group 3, respectively, and significant difference were found when compared with those in PDS groups (P <0.01). CONCLUSION: Astragalus inhibits TGF-β₁ protein and mRNA over-expression induced by commercial PDS and plays a beneficial role in peritoneal fibrosis correlating peritoneal dialysis.

Meta-analysis of effectiveness and safety of levfloxacin and other drugs in treatment of patients with lower respiratory tract infections

LIU Hong-xia, ZHENG Qing-shan

2005, 10(7):  795-798. 

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AIM: To explore the difference of efficacy and safety between levfloxacin and other drugs in treatment of patients with lower respiratory tract infections. METHODS: The efficacies and safety of levfloxacin or other drugs in treating lower respiratory tract infections were analyzed by Meta-analysis in homogeneity test and combined test in 16 studies. RESULTS: Homogeneity test showed that the cited studies of efficacy and safety were homogeneous with χ² =15.8844, χ² =2.2231, P > 0.05.In combined test, the combined OR = 2.1885, OR_合并=0.9516 and its 95 % confidence interval was in 1.6044 -2.9853 and 0.5958 -1.5199, respectively. CONCLUSION: The effectiveness of levfloxacin in treating lower respiratory tract infections is significantly superior to those of the medications used at present. The rate of bacterial clearance was high and the rate of side effects was low.

Inhibition effects of methylprednisolone on over-expression of transforming growth factor-β₁ (TGF-β₁) in kidneys of BXSB mice

WANG Mei-mei, ZHU Xiao-xia, SUN Ru-rong, XU Lei-ting

2005, 10(7):  799-803. 

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AIM: To investigate the relationship between TGF-β₁ over-expression and lupus nephritis(LN) in BXSB mice and whetherMPS ameliorates LN by inhibiting the over-expression of TGF-β₁. METHODS: BXSB mice (experiment group, n = 6) were treated (i.p.) with MPS (25 mg·kg^-1·d^-1) dissolved in N. S for 3 weeks. The other age and sex-matched BXSB mice (n =6) and BALB /c mice (n =6) received N. S. alone. Proteinuria production was evaluated once a week. The expression of TGF-β₁ in the kidney was investigated by means of immunohistochemistry and RT-PCR. RESULTS: MPS significantly reduced proteinuria of BXSB mice (P<0.01). TGF-β₁ was strongly expressed in kidneys of all BXSB mice, while weak expressions were found in kidneys of BALB /c mice. A significant lower expression of TGF-β₁ was found in the BXSB experiment group compared with BXSB control group (P <0.01). CONCLUSION: The over-expression of TGF-β₁ may aggravate LN, while MPS partially ameliorates LN by inhibiting the expression of TGF-β₁.

Therapeutic effects of Zhuyejiao tablets on chronic pelvic inflammation induced by coliform in rats

SUN Xiao-wei, CHENG Ti-juan, LUO Hui-ying, QIANG Yu-jing, FANG Cai-xia, ZHANG Wen-bin

2005, 10(7):  804-807. 

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AIM: To investigate the therapeutic effects of Zhuyejiao tablets (Tab. ZYJ) on chronic pelvic inflammation (CPI) induced by coliform in rats. METHODS: The CPI model was made by injecting coliform OB4 standard strains in the uterus of rat. Animals were randomly divided into six groups and drugs were administered for 21 days, bid, respectively. The immune function of animals was measured and the uterus was pathologically observed. RESULTS: The level of serum agglutinin and lymphocyte transformation index markedly increased in all ZYJ groups. Morphological investigation also revealed the alleviation of inflammation in ZYJ groups. CONCLUTION: ZYJ has therapeutic effects on chronic pelvic inflammation in rats.

Relationship between apoptosis and pulmonary ischemia-reperfusion injury in rabbits and intervention of tertram ethylpyrazine

WANG Xiao-yang, WANG Wan-tie, HAO Mao-ling, Zhang-Bo

2005, 10(7):  808-811. 

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AIM: To investigate the relationship between apoptosis and pulmonary ischemia-reperfusion injury in rabbits and the intervention of tertram ethylpyrazine. METHODS: An in situ ischemia-reperfusion lung injury rabbit model was established in vivo. Apoptotic cells were explored by the terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase-mediate dUTP nick-end labelling (TUNEL) technique. The index of quantitative assessment of histologic lung (IQA) was detected by Murata' s way. The correlation was analyzed between the apoptosis and IQA of pulmonary ischemia- reperfusion injury. RESULTS: Obvious apoptosis of pneumocytes occurred at reperfusion 1, 3, and 5 h after 1 h ischem ia-reperfusion lung injury, and the peak was on 3h after reperfusion. The apoptotic cells decreased in TMP groups compared with IR groups. The values of IQA in IR group were significantly higher than those in TMP group (P <0.01). There was a significant positive correlation between the apoptosis index and IQA (r = 0.718, P < 0.01). CONCLUSION: The apoptosis may significantly contribute to ischemia-reperfusion pulmonary injury and the tertram ethylpyrazine can protect PIRI by anti- apoptosis of pneumocytes.

Effects and mechanisms of danshenyin on accelerate gastric ulcer healing

ZHANG Hong-quan, LIU Li

2005, 10(7):  812-818. 

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AIM: To investigate the effects and mechanisms of danshenyin on acetic acid-induced gastric ulcer. METHODS: When SD rats with acetic acid-induced gastric ulcer were treated with danshenyin for 14 days, the ulcer index, the level of nitric oxide (NO) in serum, Prostaglandin E₂ (PGE₂) in plasma and the content of gastric wall binding mucus was measured, the apoptosis index and the protein expressions of Bcl-2, EGFR at the ulcer margin mucosa were detected. RESULTS: Compared with model group, danshenyin significantly attenuated acetic acid-induced gastric ulcer healing and produced a significant rise in the level of NO in serum, PGE₂ in plasma and the content of gastric wall binding mucus. Danshenyin also decreased the number of epithelial apoptosis (P < 0.05, P < 0.01 respectively,), meanwhile, the density and area of Bcl-2 and EGFR expression were markedly increased after the treatment with danshenyin, and danshenyin 7, 3.5 g·kg^-1 groups had more significance on it among three groups(P <0.01). CONCLUSION: Danshenyin plays a role in accelerating ulcer healing by gastric mucosal defensive factors and inhibiting apoptosis pathways, which may be one of its antiulcer action mechanisms.

Prognostic factors of rectal cancer treated with multimodality therapy based on surgery

DENG Chong, LU Xue-guan, TIAN Ye

2005, 10(7):  819-823. 

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AIM: To evaluate the prognosis of rectal cancer treated with multimodality therapy based on surgery. METHODS: The clinical data of 124 rectal cancer patients treated with multimodality therapy based on surgery were investigated and analyzed. Overall survival (OS) and loco-regional control (LC) rates were estimated by Kaplan-Meier method. Log-rankmethod and Cox proportional hazard model were used for identify the prognostic factors, respectively. RESULTS: The follow-up time ranged from 7 to 81 months. The 5-year OS and LC rates were 51.6 % and 49.5 %, respectively. Univariate analysis revealed that the 5-year OS of adencarcinoma, mucinous adenocarcinoma and signet-ring cell carcinoma were 44.9 %, 0 % and 0 %, respectively (χ² =8.67, P = 0.0129), the 5-year LC were 55.2 %, 34.6 % and 33.3 %, respectively(χ² =4.86, P =0.0334). The 5- year OS of patients who accepted or not accepted adjuvant radiotherapy were 40.4 % and 13.3 %, respectively (χ² =7.48, P =0.0062), and the 5-year LC were 73.5 % and 0 %, respectively (χ² =29.68, P =0.0000). Dukes stage, depth of infiltration, nodal, total mesorectal excision (TME), and adjuvant chemotherapy were not correlated with the prognosis (P >0.05). Multivariate analysis revealed that adjuvant radiotherapy and histology of tumor significantly affected the prognosis(P =0.045 and P =0.009, respectively). Whereas loco-regional control was only significantly affected by adjuvant radiotherapy (P =0.000). CONCLUSION: Adjuvant radiotherapy and histology of tumor are the important prognostic factors in the rectal cancer patients after treatment with multimodality therapy based on surgery.

Clinical evaluation of mifepristone added after laparoscopy in treatment of patients with endometriosis

XU Lan, ZHANG Yong-fen, ZHANG Xiao-hong

2005, 10(7):  824-827. 

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AIM: To evaluate the clinical effects and side effects of lower dosage of mifepristone added after the conservative laparoscopy in the treatment of patients with endometriosis and the influences on the pregnancy and relapse rates within one year after the mifepristone was withdrawed. METHODS: 158 cases of endometriosis patients with laparoscopic confirmation were orally administration either mifepristone 10 mg·d^-1 (group M, n =82) or gestrinone 2.5 mg, twice every week(group G, n =78) for 3 months. The clinical symptoms, signs and side effects before and duration of the treatment in both two groups as well as their relapse rate and pregnancy rate one year later after the drug withdrawed were observed and compared. RESULTS: The clinical symptoms and signs in both two groups were significantly improved during the treatment(P <0.01). Side effects including weight gain, acne, liver function damage, hot flushes, vaginal dryness and irregular bleeding in group M were less than those in group G (P <0.01). The average time for the restoration of ovulation and menstruation after drug withdrawing in groupM was earlier than that in group G (P <0.05). The pregnancy rates of the infertile women in group M and G within one year after the drug withdrawing were 36.59 % and 38.16 %, respectively, and there was no statistic significance between two groups (P <0.05). The symptom relapse rates in group M and G within one year after drug withdrawing were similar, and there was no difference between them (P <0.05). CONCLUSION: Lower dosage of mifepristone added after the conservative laparoscopy can not only effectively control the symptoms of patients with endometriosis and improve the pregnancy rate for those complicated with infertility but also have the advantages of fewer side effects, convenient usage and economic price.

Pharmacokinetics of sodium β-aescinate induced by ischemia-reperfusion in cerebral damage rats

HU Xia-min, ZENG Fan-dian

2005, 10(7):  828-831. 

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AIM: To investigate the pharmacokinetics of sodium β-aescinate in cerebral damage rats induced by ischemia-reperfusion by the developed method of ELISA (enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay). METHODS: After iv injection of sodium β-aescinate (5 mg·kg^-1), the plasma concentration was determined. The pharmacokinetic parameters were accessed by the DAS. RESULTS: The profile of the plasma concentration-time was fitted with two-compartment model either in normal or in cerebral ischemia-reperfusion rats. In normal rats, T_1/2α= 0.343 h, and T_1/2β =23.325 h. In cerebral ischemiareperfusion, T_1/2α =0.854 h, and T_1/2β =34.283 h. CONCLUSION: The clearance of sodium β-aescinate in cerebral ischemia-reperfusion rats is obviously slower than that in normal rats. The pharmacokinetics of sodium β- aescinate is necessary to consider under the pathologic condition when it is used in treatment of patients of cerebral ischemic disease.

Preventive and cure effects of guizhi fuling Pellet on rat hysteromyoma models

LI li, CHENG Guang-liang, GU Fang-li, WANG Yuan-shun

2005, 10(7):  832-835. 

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AIM: To study the preventive and cure effects of the guizhi fuling pellet (GFP) on rat hysteromyoma modes. METHODS: Estradiol 0.2 mg per rat was administrated by subcutaneous injection once a day to establish rat hysteromyoma model. 0.8 mg·kg^-1 adrenalin was administrated by subcutaneous injection to establish rat blood stasis model. RESULTS: GFP(1.08 -4.32 g·kg^-1 ) remarkably decreased uterus weight, restrained the excess proliferation of the smooth muscle of uterus, decreased the estradiol and progesterone in blood serum, restrained the platelet aggregation, and it significantly decreased the blood viscosity, prolonged blood coagulation time, kaolin partly theroboplastin time and prothrombin time of rats. CONCLUSION: GFP can restrain the formation of hysteromyoma, and the mechanism of GFP is related to decreasing the estrogen and progesterone, activating blood circulation to dissipate blood stasis.

SPSS programs for blind review in drug clinical trials

YANG Li-bo, GU Chun-hua

2005, 10(7):  836-840. 

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This article discusses SYNTAX EDITOR' S actual application of SPSS 11.5 FOR WINDOWS for blind review in drug clinical trials with examples. The results show that applying SPSS software can deal with blind review easily, and produce corresponding report, get fast and exact result.