Table of Content

Volume 10 Issue 8
26 August 2005

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Recent progress in research of neuroprotective drugs on acute ischemic stroke

YU Yue-ping, XU Qiu-qin, WEI Er-qing

2005, 10(8):  841-845. 

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The pathophysiological mechanisms of ischemic cerebral injury involved in the release of excitatory amino acids, depolarization about the infarction, inflammatory reaction and neuron apoptosis.The development and trial of neuroprotective drugs have almost been launched in all links of ischemic cascade reaction.Many neuroprotective drugs were proved to be effective for cerebral ischemia in animal models, but they were not proved on clinical trials.The results and progresses of the preclinical phase and clinical application of various kinds of neuroprotective drugs on the cerebral ischemia were reviewed in this paper and the prospective uses of these drugs were also introduced.

Simultaneous determination of carbamazepine, lamotrigine, phenobarbital, phenytoin and 10, 11-carbamazepine epoxide in serum by reversedphase high performance liquid chromatography

LIU Ying, WANG Li, HE Da-ke

2005, 10(8):  846-851. 

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AIM: To develop a simple and sensitive method for the simultaneous determination of carbamazepine (CBZ), lamotrigine (LTG), phenobarbital (PB), phenytoin (PHT) and 10, 11-carbamazepine epoxide (CBZE)in human plasma by reversed-phase high performance liquid chromatography (RP-HPLC).METHODS: 0.1 ml serum was extracted from dichloromethane:isopropanol (95 ∶5).Flurazepam(FZP)was adopted as internal standard.The mobile phase was composed of acetonitrile-potassium phosphate buffer (30 ∶70).The ultraviolet detector was set at 220 nm and the analysis through Symmetry RP18 stainless steel column was taken at 37 ℃.RESULTS: Peak area ratios of every drug vs.internal standard were fit to a least squares linear regression algorithm with a 1 (concentration)2 weighting in the concentration range of each drug (CBZ:0.47-30.00 mg·L^-1, LTG:0.63-40.00 mg·L^-1, PB:1.25-80.00 mg·L^-1, PHT:0.63-40.00 mg·L^-1, CBZE:0.31-20.00 mg·L^-1).The recoveries were more than 95% (95%-104%, n =6).The relative standard deviations of within-day and between-day were less than 4% (0.76%-3.97%, 1.34%-3.76%, n =6).CONCLUSION: The method is sensitive, accurate, rapid and simple.It is suitable for the clinical monitoring on most antiepileptic drugs and can provide veridical and credible data for the study of population pharmacokinetics and for the implement of individual regimen.

Effects of naftopidil's ramification-BWYJ on blood pressure in rat and haemodynamics in cats

SUI Yu-xia, SUN An-sheng, YU Li-mei, WU Qin, HUANG Xie-nan, SHI Jing-shan, YUAN Mu

2005, 10(8):  852-856. 

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AIM: To observe the effects of BWYJ on blood pressure (BP) in the normal-tensive, hypertensive rats and haemodynamics in cats.METHODS: The BP of the normal-tensive and renal hypertensive rats was measured and hemodynamics parameters were recorded in thoractomic cats.The effects of BWYJ on cardiovascular center and ganglia were observed.RESULTS: In normaltensive and hypertensive rats, BWYJ of 1.2 and 2.4 mg·kg^-1 (iv) decreased SAP and DAP in normal-tension rats.BWYJ at oral doses of 10, 20 and 40 mg·kg^-1 had a hypotensiove effect with little influence in heart rate.In hypertensive rats, the hypotensive effect of BWYJ were in a dose-dependent manner at oral doses of 5, 10 and 20 mg·kg^-1.BWYJ 2.5 mg·kg^-1 by duodenum produced a reduction of DAP, TPR and LVWI.BWYJ 5.0 mg·kg^-1 produced a reduction of SAP, DAP, LVSP,±dp dtmax and TPR.The drop in BP was not observed by icv BWYJ.The contraction of third eyelid induced by the stimulation of preganglionic fibre of superior cervical nerve ganglia was not effected by BWYJ.CONCLUSION: BWYJ may decrease the blood pressure in the renal hypertensive and normal-tensive rats.The hypotensive effect of BWYJ is mainly due to vasodilating and declining perpheral resistance, and the inhibition of myocardial contractility might play a hypotensive role.

Effects and mechanisms of pidotimod on expression of TNF-αand IL-6 in immune-depressed mice spleen

LI Hui, WANG Bing-li, MAO Yi-qing, ZHANG Yi, LI Zhi-hong, SHEN Shu-lan, TAN Huan-ran

2005, 10(8):  857-862. 

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AIM: To study the influence of injection agent of pidotimod on function of the immune-system in normal and immune-depressed mice, and to investigate the mechanisms of the immunomodulating action of pidotimod.METHODS: The expressions of TNF-αand IL-6 in mice spleen was detected by RT-PCR method.The effects of pidotimod on phagocytosis functions of mice peritoneal exudate cells was investigated by neutral red phagocytosis.The lymphocyte proliferations induced by Con A or LPS were detected by MTT method.Adopt the serum haemolysis to measure the production of serum antibody.RESULTS: The normal and immune-depressed mice were treated for 14 days with different dosages of pidotimod by injection.Pidotimod can significantly increase the expressions of TNF-αand IL-6 of spleen, potentiate phagocytosis of the peritoneal exudate cells, potentiate the lymphocyte proliferations ability induced by Con A or LPS.CONCLUSION: Pidotimod can potentiate amelioration normal and immune-depressed mice immunesystem function and increase expressions of TNF-αand IL-6 of spleen.

Curative effects of antiendotoxin polypeptide on endotoxic shocked rabbits

WEI Guo, LV Geng-fa, GUO Yi-bin, ZHENG Jiang

2005, 10(8):  863-866. 

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AIM: To observe the effects of antiendotoxin polypeptide on the arterial blood pressure of endotoxin-shocked rabbits.METHODS: The changes of mean arterial blood pressure (MABP), pulse pressure, LPS in plasma, alanine aminotransferase (Alt), MB isoenzyme of creatine kinase (CK-MB), creatinine (Cr) of the endotoxic shocked rabbits at different time points were investigated when BNEP (10 g·L^-1) were injected in vein just after lipopolysaccharide (LPS) 500 mg·L^-1 were injected.And the mortality at the 8th hour had been observed.RESULTS: The decreasing of MABP and pulse pressure of rabbits treated with BNEP were partially blocked.After 6th hour-treatment with BNEP, the MABP and pulse pressure were back to more than 80% of those before injection of LPS.The concentrations of LPS in plasma at different time points were decreased significantly.The pulse pressure at the 2nd, 4th and 6th hour, CKMB at the 4th and 6th hour, the mortality at the 8th hour were significantly lower than that in the LPS group.But there were no significantly difference of the change of ALT in the two groups.CONCLUSION: BNEP has a high capacity of neutralizing LPS and positive effects on the amelioration and the recovery of the functions of kidney, liver and cardiovascular system of endotoxic shocked rabbits.So it is potential in the accessorial treatment of patients with severe infection.

Effects of H₂O₂ on L-type calcium channel current in rat ventricular myocytes

DENG Chun-yu, LIN Shu-guang, QIAN Wei-min, WU Shu-lin, SHAN Zhi-xin, Yang Min, YU Xi-xiong

2005, 10(8):  867-870. 

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AIM: To determine the effect and mechanism of H₂O₂ on L-type calcium current (ICa, L) in single rat verntricular myocyte.METHODS: Whole-cell pacthclamp recording technique was used to record ICa, L in single cells isolated rat ventricular myocytes.RESULTS: The nifedipine-sensitive L-type calcium inward current was recorded in the rat ventricular myocytes.5 mmol·L^-1 H₂O₂ increased the calcium channel current in a voltagedependent manner in ventricular myocytes of rats.The current-voltage curvewas shifted downwards, which active potential, peak potential and reverse potential had no significant changes.The time constants for inactivation (τ) are significantly greater (P <0.01) in the absence than the presence of 5 mmol·L^-1 H₂O₂ over the entire range investigated, but its time constants for activation (τ) had no significant differences.The inactivation curve was shifted to more negative potential, but the activation curve was not altered.CONCLUSION: H₂O₂ can increase calcium channel current and slow channel inactivation in ventricular myocytes of rats.

Effects of different formulations of cyclosporine A on trough blood concentration in patients with myasthenia gravis

ZHANG Ya-tong, YANG Li-ping, SHAO Hong, LI Ke-xin, SUN Chun-hua, SHI Lu-wen

2005, 10(8):  871-875. 

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AIM: To evaluate the effects of different formulations of cyclosporine A on trough blood concentration in patients with myasthenia gravis.METHODS: Retrospectively analyzed the medical documents and information on medications and drug monitoring data of 189 myasthenia gravis patients admitted during the period of the transversion of cyclosporine A formulation.RESULTS: The trough blood concentration of cyclosporine A increased with the increase of medication dosage, and the microemulsified formulation was related to the last dose of cyclosporine A while the oil-based formulation was related to the last day dosage of cyclosporine A.No statistical difference of trough blood concentration was observed between the two formulations, weight was little meaningful for the calculation of cyclosporine A dosage, especially in the case of microemulsified form.CONCLUSION: The conversion from oil-based formulation to microemulsified formulation is the clinical trend, but it is very important to utilize the newer one in the efficient and reasonable way for the treatment of myasthenia gravis.

Serum pharmacology of Chinese herb complex 962 on increased intracellular calcium

XIONG Jie, CHENG Liang, ZHANG Li, LI Lin

2005, 10(8):  876-880. 

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AIM: To investigate the effects and mechanisms of 962-contained mice-serum on intracellular calcium ([Ca²⁺] i) caused by injury of mitochondria. METHODS:MPTP and 3-NPA were used as mitochondrial inhibitors to trigger the increase of [Ca²⁺] i.Using Fura-2 AM as the fluorescent indicator of [Ca²⁺] i, the inhibit effects of 962-contained serum were detected, and the mechanisms were analyzed by adding Thapsigargin, glutamine or KCl to the neurons.RESULTS: 962-contained mice-serum showed significant inhibitive effects on [Ca²⁺] i increasing in a dose-dependent manner.For MPTP, the strongest inhibition was obtained by serum from mice that administrated 962 for 3 days (d-3 serum), while for 3-NPA it was the d^-14 serum that showed the strongest effect.The mechanical study showed that the d-3 serum inhibited the increasing of [Ca²⁺] i caused by glutamine or KCl, and the effect of Thapsigargin was also found at a higher dosage.CONCLUSION: 962-contained serum shows inhibitory effects on [Ca²⁺] i increasing caused by MPTP or 3-NPA, in which the primary or the secondary metabolites of 962 played the key role.The mechanical analysis shows that this protective effect on the increasing of [Ca²⁺] i is mainly mediated by inhibiting the influx of calcium from outside.

Role of Caspase3 in apoptosis induced by HCPT in human breast carcinoma cells

YE Meng, LIN Lei, FANG Yong, PAN Hong-ming, WU Jin-min

2005, 10(8):  881-884. 

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AIM: To investigate the role of Caspase3 in apoptosis induced by HCPT in human breast carcinoma cells.METHODS: The cell growth inhibiting was measured by MTT assay, cell apoptosis was investigated by agarose gel eletrophoresis, and apoptosis pathway was investigated by Western Blotting.RESULTS: HCPT had a remarkable growth inhibiting on breast cancer cells.After exposing to HCPT, the breast cancer cells present some morphologic features of apoptosis that including cell shrinkage, nuclear condensation, DNA fragmentation. Caspase3 was degraded in cancer cells treated with HCPT.CONCLUSION: HCPT has obvious effects on growth inhibiting and apoptosis induction on human breast cancer cells, and the altered expression of Caspase3 may play a significant role in apoptosis induced by HCPT.

Clinical evaluation of implanted intrathecal drug (morphine) delivery system in treatment of patients with intractable pain

HONG Xi, GONG Zhi-yi, TAO Wei, YE Tie-hu, REN Hong-zhi, HUANG Yu-guang, WANG Ren-zhi

2005, 10(8):  885-889. 

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AIM: To evaluate the effectiveness and safety profile of implanted intrathecal drug (morphine) delivery system in treatment of patients with intractable pain.METHODS: 4 patients suffering from intractable pain were treated with intrathecal morphine using implanted drug delivery system for pain control.The clinical data were recorded and analyzed retrospectively.RESULTS: These patients included 2 cases of cancer pain, 2 cases of benign back pain after back operation (Failed Back Syndrome).All of them had tried big doses of oral or intravenous strong opioid, with poor pain relief and intolerable side effects.Before the implantation, all patients had trial test, i.e, certain amount of morphine (referring to the daily systemic dosage) were injected into intrathecal or epidural space to test whether the pain relief would be satisfactory without severe side effects.The VAS scale decreased up to 50% or more after the intrathecal morphine, suggesting the positive result of trial test.They were then operated and the intrathecal drug delivery systems were implanted.After the operation, the intrathecal morphine dosage was adjusted according to the pain VAS scale as well as the side effect profile.All the patients showed significant pain relief without serious side effect.CONCLUSION: The implanted intrathecal drug delivery system infusing analgesics directly into the target area (spinal cord and brain) proves to be effective for intractable pain control and have fewer side effects.As an invasive and expensive technique, its application should be cautious and trial tests should be done before the implantation.

Effects of 5-Fluorouracil on cell proliferation and potassium channel function in oral cancer cell line Tb

MA Yu-guang, WU Li, WANG Yu-cheng, MA Da-chang, WU Li, WANG Li-jing

2005, 10(8):  890-893. 

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AIM: To evaluate the effects of 5-Fluorouracil (5-FU) on cell proliferation and potassium channel function in oral cancer cell line Tb.METHODS: After treatment with 5-FU for 24 h, the proliferation of Tb cells was determined by MTT and clone formation assay, the membrane potential and potassium channel current of Tb cells were recorded by whole-cell patch clamp technique.RESULTS: Compared with the control group (CON), 5-FU inhibited proliferation of the Tb cells.At the same time the membrane was depolarized and the potassium channel current significantly decreased compared with the CON group.CONCLUSION: Potassium channel may play an important role in 5-FU-inhibited the proliferation of Tb cells.

Correlation between left ventricular filling type and geometry modality and functional change of left ventricle in patients with hypertension

CAI Ping, YANG Shi-kang

2005, 10(8):  894-897. 

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AIM: To investigate the correlation between the left ventricular filling type and geometry modality and functional change of the left ventricle in patients with hypertension.METHODS: Systolic function indexes (FS and EF) and diastolic function indexes (E, A, EAT, EDT, E A, IVRT) in 120 patients with hypertension were measured by two dimensional ultrasonography (2-DUS) and M-mode and Doppler ultrasound.RESULTS: A rate of 83.5% in patients with hypertension appeared assured plump and configuration changes of left ventricle, and a rate of 84%in patients with hypertension appeared abnormal left ventricular filling function.The morphologic indexes were significantly different clearly in different left ventricular filling types, and the filling indexes were also significantly different in diferent left ventricular shapes.CONCLUSION: IVRT is a more important index than other factors to decide the left ventricular filling function.LVMI plays more important role than other factors in the left ventricular filling function.

Effects and mechanisms of ginsenoside Rg1 on learning and memory impairment induced by scopolamine hydrobromide

CHEN Xin-mei, ZHU Jia-bi

2005, 10(8):  898-902. 

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AIM: To study the protective effects of ginsenosides Rg1 liposome (Rg1-L) on learning and memory impaiment induced by scopolamine hydrobromide in rats, and discuss the relevant mechanisms.METHODS: AD model was made by scopolamine hydrobromide.Ymaze was used to detect the learning and memory abilities.The active of acetylcholinesterase (AchE) in the brain of rats was measured.RESULTS: Rg1-L obviously improved the learning andmemory abilities of AD rats and restrained the activity of AchE.CONCLUSION: Rg1-L improves the learning and memory abilities of AD.The relevant mechanisms may be related to restraining the activity of AchE, improving the lipophilic activity of Rg1 by liposome and bio avalbility.

Protective effects of grape seed proanthocynidins extract on acetic acid-induced colitis in rats

YANG Xiao-lai, WU Yong-jie, GE Bin, WANG Li, LI Wen-guang, GAO Ming-tang

2005, 10(8):  903-908. 

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AIM: To study the therapeutic effects of grape seed proanthocynidins extract(GSPE) on acetic acid-induced colitis in rats.METHODS: The rat colitis was induced by intracolonic enema with 10% acetic acid. Animals were divided into six groups:normal group, model group, prednisone treated group, GSPE low, medium or high dose treated group intragastrically, and GSPE or prednisone was given one time a day for seven days. The macroscopic and microscopic colon damage was scored on eighth day.The myeloperoxidase activity in colonic tissue, reflecting neutrophil infiltration was assayed by O-dianisidine method.RESULTS: The average body weight of rats obviously decreased and wet weight of damaged colon seriously increased in model group.Compared with the model group, the suppression of average body weight was obviously improved in rats treated with low or medium dose of GSPE (P <0.05) and in the contrast, the average body weight of rats treated with high dose of GSPE showed a rise trend (P <0.01).The increase of wet weight of the colon was also inhibited by different doses of GSPE (P <0.05).It was observed that there were large area ulcers and necrosis on mucous membrane of colon of rats in model group.Compared with the model group, the ulcerative area of colon mucous membrane was reduced and the mucous membrane was repaired obviously in rats treated with different doses of GSPE.Under the microscope, the large amount of inflammation exudation and necrotic tissue in colon sample was seen in model group, but the much more regenerated epithelium and gland body was observed in GSPE treated group.The results showed that the MPO activity was higher in model group than that in normal group.Compared with the model group, MPO activity in colon tissue decreased (P < 0.01).CONCLUSION: GSPE has beneficial therapeutic effect on acetic acid-induced colitis of rats in a dosedependen way.

Effects of isoflurane pretreatment on changes of intracellular calcium in cerebral ischemic reperfusion injury in rats

LIU Yan-hong, XIONG Li-ze, WANG Qiang, ZHANG Hong

2005, 10(8):  909-912. 

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AIM: To investigate the changes of intracellular calcium concentration in vital brain slices after pretreatment with isoflurane in cerebral ischemic reperfusion rats.METHODS: Focal cerebral ischemia was induced by inserting a suture into the middle cerebral artery of rats.Reperfusion was accomplished by withdrawing the suture after 2 hours'ischemia.The changes of intracellular calcium in vital brain slices were determined by fluorescent Ca²⁺-indicator fluo-3 AM.The effects of isoflurane pretreatment were evaluated before cerebral ischemia on the intracellular calcium of cortex and striatum.RESULTS: Intracellular calcium concentration increased significantly both in the cortex and the striatum of the brain after cerebral ischemia reperfusion.Isoflurane pretreatment given before cerebral ischemia inhibited the elevation of Ca²⁺in the cortex but not in the striatum induced by ischemia reperfusion injury.CONCLUSION: Isoflurane can inhibit Ca²⁺overloading in cortex induced by cerebral ischemia reperfusion, which may be one of the mechanisms of isoflurane neuroprotection.

Establishment of hepatic stellate cell activated model by acetaldehyde in precision-cut liver slices

WU Xiao-qian, WANG Hui, GUO Yu, LIAO Zhang-xiu, WU Yong

2005, 10(8):  913-916. 

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AIM: To activate hepatic stellate cells (HSC) in vitro in precision-cut liver slices (PCLS) stimulated by acetaldehyde for studying and screening anti-fibrotic drugs.METHODS: PCLS were prepared by the vibratome, and incubated with 700 μm·L^-1 acetaldehyde for 0, 2, 4 and 6 h.The medium and homogenate were retained to determine glutathione S-transferase (GST) activity, lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) leakage and hydroxyproline (Hyp) content.PCLS were prepared for paraffin sections.The expression of α-smooth muscle actin (α-SMA) was evaluated by immunohistochemistry, and the result was analyzed with image analysis software.RESULTS: The leakages of GST and LDH were increased significantly compared with those in 0 h group (P < 0.05).Exposure to the acetaldehyde for 6 h, the content of Hyp in tissue slices was 1.5-fold of those in 0 h (P < 0.05).The immunohistochemical expression of α-SMA positive cells were observed in 4 and 6 h groups by the light microscope.Image analysis showed that there were significant differences in the areas and positive rates (P <0.01).CONCLUSION: Incubated with 700 μm·L^-1 acetaldehyde during 6 h, HSC is activated in PCLS.The immunohistochemical technology of α-SMA is a reliable method of identifying activated HSC in PCLS.

Effects of total Astragalus extract on anti-thrombus

ZHU Hong, WU Qiang, XU Ming, WU Ying-ying, HU Xiu-ping, ZOU Yu-tong, YANG Yan

2005, 10(8):  917-920. 

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AIM: To study the effects of the total Astragalus extract on anti-thrombus.METHODS: The thrombus formation in mice was induced by i.v injection of a mixture of collagen and epinephrine.The mice which died within 5 min and remained paralyzed for more than 15 min were observed, and the protect rate were calculated.Furthermore, the lung tissues wese made by histological examination.The blood of rat was gained from abdominal aorta, and the effects of the total Astragalus extract which resolved rat blood clot were tested by tube in vitro.RESULTS: The total Astragalus extract (50 and 150 mg·kg^-1) reduced the death rate resulted from thrombosis induced by mixture of collagen and epinephrine (i.v) in mice.The total Astragalus extract(40, 80, 160, and 320 mg·L^-1) resolved blood clot in vitro.CONCLUSION: Total Astragalus extract has obvious effects of inhibiting thrombus formation in vivo and resolving blood clot in vitro.It suggests the total Astragalus extract has the effects of activating blood to resolve stagnation.

Effects of dammonii glycyrrhizinatis on lipid peroxidation and enzyme activity in ischemia-reperfusion myocardium rats

YU Xiu-hong, LI Yuan-zhong, JIANG Jian-gang

2005, 10(8):  921-924. 

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AIM: To study effects of dammonii glycyrrhizinatis (DG) on lipid peroxidation and enzyme activity in the ischemia-reperfusion myocardium rats. METHODS:30 male Wistar rats were divided into 3 groups:sham group, ischemia-reperfusion group and DG group (20 mg·kg^-1) (n = 10).Myocardial ischemia reperfusion injury model was produced by the 30 min ligation of left descending coronary artery (LAD) and 60 min reperfusion in rats.The content of myocardial malondialdehyde (MDA), the activities of myocardial superoxide dismutase (SOD), adenosinetriphosphatase (ATPase) and plasma lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), creative phosphokinase (CPK) level were measured by colorimetry, and the activities of succinate dehydrogenase (SDH) were measured by histochemical stain after reperfusion.RESULTS: DG significantly reduced myocardium MDA content (P <0.05 or P <0.01), enhanced the activities of SOD, ATPase and SDH (P <0.05, P <0.01) and decreasedmyocardial LDH and CK release (P <0.05 or P <0.01).CONCLUSION: DG can protect myocardium against ischemia-reperfusion injury, and its mechanism may be related to the reduction of myocardial lipid peroxidation, the enhancement of SOD, SDH and ATPase activities.

Inhibition of allergic rhinitis by n-butanol fraction from anomalous fruits of Gleditsia sinensis

XIA Yu-feng, DAI Yue, FU Lin-jun

2005, 10(8):  925-928. 

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AIM: To investigate the effects of the Nbutanol fraction from the anomalous fruits of Gleditsia sinensis (NBGS)on allergic rhinitis, and to explore the underlying mechanism of action.METHODS: In sensitized mice with ovalbumin, effects of NBGS on rhinitis symptoms, nasal histamine responsiveness and serum levels of nitric oxide were studied.In sensitized rats, effect of NBGS on the numbers of differential leukocytes in nasal cavity lavage fluid was observed.RESULTS: NBGS (100, 200 mg·kg^-1, p.o.)effectively reduced nasal wiping times, nasal hyperresponsiveness and serum levels of nitric oxide in sensitized mice.NBGS also restrained eosinophil effusion of nasal cavity in sensitized rats, but it did not affect the effusion of monocytes and neutrophils.CONCLUSION: NBGS is effective in alleviating the nasal symptoms of allergic rhinitis, which is probably contributed by lowing nasal hyperresponsiveness and eosinophil infiltration.

Influence on immunological regulation of fuzhenchuyi granule in mice with immune hypofunction

GONG Xiao-yan, QU Xiao-bo, WANG Ze-yu

2005, 10(8):  929-931. 

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AIM: To observe the immunological regulation of the fuzhenchuyi granule in mice with immune hypofunction.METHODS: The immune hypofunction mouse models were made by intraperitoneal injecting cyclophosphamide in mice.The mononuclear phagocyte englobement function, serum erythrocytolysin, haematolysis plaque formation and lymphocyte conversion ratio were determined by the absorption spectrometry and cytometry.RESULTS: The fuzhenchuyi granule enhanced immuned hypofunctional mouse reticulo-endothelium system and cytophagous function encouraged the level of erythrocytolysin and haematolysis plaque formation, and boosted lymphocyte transformation rate.CONCLUSION: The fuzhenchuyi granule shows a positive regulation, including nonspecific immunity, humoral immunity and cellular immune function, in mice with immune hypofunctional.

Effects of Astragalus polysaccharide and total glucosides of paeony on synergistic antiplatelet aggregation in rabbits

WEI Yi, LIU Ting-ting, LIN Ting-ting, LIU Yu-yin, SU Xiao-ming

2005, 10(8):  932-934. 

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AIM: To study the interaction effects of Astragalus polysaccharide (APS) and total glucosides of paeony(TGP) with various dosage on the platelet aggregation.METHODS: Platelet aggregation was estimated by the turbidimetric method.The best interaction effects were determined by uniform design method.RESULTS: APS showed apparent anti-platelet effects and better combination with TGP, and the ratio of 12 ∶1 was the best one.CONCLUSION: APS concerted with TGP inhibits platelet aggregation.

Protective effects of extract of Ginkgo biloba on brain tissues in experimental diabetic rats

LI Jian-min, LI Xu-sheng, CHEN Guo-rong, WAN Fang, MAO Sun-zhong, WU Bu-meng, FANG Zhou-xi, YANG Kai-yan

2005, 10(8):  935-939. 

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AIM: To study the protective effects of the extract of Ginkgo biloba (EGB) on brain tissues in experimental diabetic rats and explore its possible mechanisms.METHODS: Thirty male Sprague-Dauley rats were divided into three groups:normal control group, diabetic group and EGB-treated group.Strepozotocin were injected intraperitoneally on the later two groups to induce diabetes, EGB-treated group was injected intraperitoneally with EGB, and the others were treated with normal saline at the same volume.After five weeks, the content of endothelin (ET), malondial dehyde (MDA), NO2-NO3-, and the activity of superoxide dismutase (SOD), nitric oxide synthase (NOS) were determined in brain homogenate, and the level of blood glucose, insulin and ET were measured respectively.In addition, the morphologic changes of the brain tissue were studied by light microscopy and electron microscopy, respectively.RESULTS: In diabetic group, there were degeneration of neuron, brain edema, softened focus and demyelination in the white matter of brain by light microcopy.There were expansion of mitochondria of neuron and gliocyte, the shortened of crista, demyelination of neurofiber and injury of bloodbrain-barrier by the electron microscopy.After treated with EGB, the pathological changes decreased in brain under light microcopy and electron microcopy.Compared with diabetic rats, the activity of SOD and the level of serum insulin increased, while the level of blood ET, the activity of NOS, the content of ET, MDA, NO2-NO3-decreased in EGB-treated rats (P <0.05).CONCLUSION: EGB can protect diabetic brain by anti-lipid peroxidation and decrease the level of NO and ET.

Antioxidative effects of soybean isoflavone active-extracts in AD mice

YANG Hong, CHEN Wei-qiang, LUO Shao-hong, JING Gui-fang, PAN Wei

2005, 10(8):  940-942. 

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AIM: To investigate the antioxidative effect of in Alzheimer's Disease mice.METHODS: AD model mice were made by D-galactose and aluminum chloride, and administered with the soybean isoflavone active-extracts for 15 days.The activities of SOD and LDH, and the levels of MAD were measured in serum. The morphology and quantity of nerve cells were observed in hippocampus tissue.RESULTS: The activities of SOD and LDH significantly increased in the ISO groups(P < 0.01), the MAD levels obviously decreased in the model group(P <0.01), the quantity of the nerve cells increased, and its morphology was better than that in the model group.CONCLUSION: The soybean isoflavone active-extracts can improve the antioxidative functions in AD mouses.

Preventive and therapeutic effects of shenfu injection in rats with renal ischemia reperfusion

SUN Yan-ling, LIU Xian-yi

2005, 10(8):  943-946. 

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AIM: To explore protective and therapeutic effects of the shenfu injection (SF)against renal ischemia reperfusionand and its possible mechanisms by studying the impact of SF on P38 mitogen activated protein kinase (P38MAPK), tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α)and intercellular adhensive molecule-1 (ICAM-1).METHODS: 36male SD rats were randomly divided into control group, ischemia reperfusion (IR)group and SF group.Rats were subjected to left renal pedicle occlusion followed by reperfusion with contralateral nephrectomy.The expression of P38MAPK and ICAM-1 were evaluated by Imunohistochemistry.The expression of TNF-α in the kidney tissue and plasma were analyzed by enzymelinked immunoadsordent assay (ELISA).RESULTS: The expression of P38MAPK and ICAM-1, concentration of TNF-αin IR group were higher than that in the control group (P < 0.01).The expression of P38MAPK and ICAM-1, and concentration of TNF-αin SF group were lower than that in the IR group(P <0.01).CONCLUSION: The SF injection can downregulate the expression of TNF-αand ICAM-1 through inhibiting P38MAPK.SF has an important role in a renoprotective therapeutic regimen.

Effects of irbesartan on expression of connective tissue growth factor in myocardium of spontaneously hypertensive rats

BAI Yu-peng, LIU Chang hui, YANG Liu

2005, 10(8):  947-952. 

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AIM: To investigate the expression of connective tissue growth factor (CTGF) in the myocardium of spontaneously hypertensive rats and the relationship of the hypertensive ventricular remodeling, myocardial fibrosis and whether irbesartan alter this expression.METHODS: 20 twenty-week-old male spontaneously hypertensive rats were randomly assigned to SHR group and irbesartan group (n =10 in each), and 10 twenty-weekold male Wistar Kyoto rats were considered as WKY group.Rats in irbesartan group were given a daily dose of 50 mg·kg^-1 irbesartan for 12 weeks by gavage and the other two groups were fed with a normal diet.TGF-β1 and CTGF were evaluated by qualitative and semiquantitative immunohistochemical staining and semiquantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction.MASSON staining were used in the study of total collagen in left ventricular interstitial tissue.RESULTS: Compared with the WKY group, the left ventricular wight index (LVI), collagen volume fraction (CVF), perivascular collagen area (PVCA) and the expression of TGF-β1, CTGF and its mRNA in left ventricular increased in SHR group (P < 0.05).Compared with the SHR group, these indexes obviously decreased in irbesartan group (P < 0.05).CONCLUSION: Hypertension induces the upregulation of connective tissue growth factor in the myocardium of rat.Treatment with irbesartan, an AngII receptor antagon markedly decreases the enhanced CTGF expression.This may reflect a new mechanism of AngII receptor antagon on preventing left ventricular remodeling and myocardial fibrosis.

Clinical trial of shexiang tongbi babu mastic in treatment of patients with bony arthritis

ZHANG Qiong, XIAO Jing, DENG Lei

2005, 10(8):  953-956. 

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AIM: To evaluate the efficacy and safety of the shexiang tongbi babu mastic (STBM) in treatment of patients with bony arthritis.METHODS: 240 trail subjects were involved in a multi-center randomized, signal-blinded, and positive drug parallel-controlled clinical trail (the trial group treated with STBM, and the control group treated with the tongluo qutong mastic).115 patients were enrolled in the trial group, and 113 cases enrolled in the control group.RESULTS: The total effective rate of the trial group was 88.70%, and better than that in the control group (79.65%) (P <0.05).Compare with the trial group, there was a significant decrease on the level of symptom score in the trial group (P < 0.01).The trial group improved the symptoms, such as the pains and uncomfortable feelings and arthritis pains (P <0.01).CONCLUSION: STBM is an effective and safe agent against bony arthritis.

Principles to specify equivalence margin in clinical trials

ZHU Quan, LIANG Wei-xiong

2005, 10(8):  957-960. 

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This paper deals with the principles and approaches to specify the equivalence margin in equivalence or non-inferiority trials.It is a difficult work to define equivalence boundary appropriately in clinical trials design.The selection of equivalence margin should provide assurance the effectiveness of experimental treatment relative to placebo firstly.Based on the analysis of previous studies, the statistical reasoning, clinical relevant, the choice of clinical outcome, the characteristics of particular diseases, toxicity, adverse effects, and risk-benefit assessment must be considered for equivalence margin pre-specified reasonably.