Abstract: Objective To evaluate risk factors in autistic children and provide theoretical basis of prevention and early intervention for children with autism. Methods A total of 101 pairs of children autism vs.gender /age-matched control, were recruited for this study with a protocol that had been approved by the Ethical Committee of the Shanghai Children's Hospital.The autistic children fulfilled the diagnostic criteria of autism as defined by the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders-IV (DSM-IV) of the American Psychiatric Association.The risk factors were assessed with a self- administered questionnaire.T test and Chi-square test were used for the single factor analysis and Logistic regression was used for multifactor analysis. Results The factors in autistic children were significant following asmale(OR=10.640, P<0.01), no breastfeeding six months ago (OR=2.952, P<0.01), infectious disease during pregnancy (OR=2.042, P<0.01) having risk factors at birth(OR=1.189, P<0.01) and time that parents accompany the children >1 hour/d (OR=0.179, P<0.05). Conclusion It has found that male, infectious disease during pregnancy, no breastfeeding six months ago and having risk factors at birth are major risk factors for autism children, and time that parents accompany the children >1 hour/d is the protection factor for autistic children.

Key words: autism, risk factor, child

摘要： 目的 探讨儿童自闭症发生的危险因素, 为自闭症儿童的早期预防和干预提供理论基础。方法 2010年6月-2011 年12月在上海市儿童医院儿童保健所就诊的儿童, 经3名主治医师以上的专业医师共同确诊, 符合美国精神障碍诊断和统计手册(The Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders-IV, DSM-IV)诊断标准的自闭症儿童101例, 同时收集正常对照儿童101例, 性别和年龄分别与自闭症组匹配, 由监护人填写儿童家庭社会环境调查问卷。应用t检验和χ²检验进行单因素分析, 应用Logistic回归进行多因素分析。结果 Logistic回归分析进入方程的变量中, 性别(OR=10.640, P<0.01)、6个月前非母乳喂养(OR=2.952, P<0.01)、孕期患感染性疾病(OR=2.042, P<0.01)、出生时有高危因素(OR=1.189, P<0.01)及父母每天陪宝宝说话或者游戏的时间(OR=0.179, P<0.05)5个变量有统计学意义。结论 性别为男性、6个月前非母乳喂养、母孕期患感染性疾病、出生时有高危因素是儿童患自闭症的主要危险因素, 父母每天陪宝宝说话或者游戏的时间>1 h是保护因素。

关键词: 自闭症, 高危因素, 儿童