Abstract: Objective To explore the temperament characteristics of brain injury high-risk infants, and to offer help for early intervention and rearing style for those baby. Methods In child care clinics, 150 cases of 1~4 months infants with the high-risk factors of brain development before birth or birth were randomly selected, 150 healthy children of the same age as control group, raising people of two group were investigated by the Early Infant Temperament Questionnaire developed by Cary and others, the nine dimensions scores were analyzed. Results Scores of high-risk infants group in approach and withdrawal, response intensity two dimensions were significantly higher than normal group (P<0.05), while scores of the rhythmic, persistence, mood and response threshold four dimensions were significantly lower than normal group (P<0.05), the remaining three dimension scores had no statistical differences.It prompted that high-risk infants were lack of rhythmic, timid around strangers, response strongly, poor persistence, more depressed and sensitive to things around them.From the perspective of the composition of temperament type, the number of two groups of five types of temperament had significant differences (P<0.001), There were more performance for somewhat difficult parenting temperament among high-risk infants. Conclusions The supporter in early intervention of brain injury high-risk infants should understand its temperament characteristics as early as possible, and targeted way of individualized education according to their characteristics, will be better for their rehabilitation.

Key words: brain injury, high-risk infants, child temperament, dimensions

摘要： 目的 探讨脑损伤高危儿的气质特点, 为高危儿的早期干预和养育方式提供帮助。方法 在儿童保健门诊随机抽取产前或产时具有对胎儿脑发育有高危因素的1~4个月婴儿150例, 另抽取儿童保健门诊正常体检的150例同龄婴儿作为正常对照组, 采用由Cary等编制的小婴儿气质量表问卷对两组儿童进行调查, 将两组儿童抚养人填写的问卷得分录入电脑, 并对其9个维度的得分进行分析。结果 高危儿组在趋避性、反应强度2个维度得分显著高于正常组(P＜0.05), 而在节律性、坚持性、情绪本质和反应阈4个维度得分显著低于正常组(P＜0.05), 其余3个维度得分差异均无统计学意义。提示高危儿生活节律性欠缺、怕生、反应强烈、坚持性较差、情绪比较消极和对周围事物较敏感。从气质类型的构成来看, 两组5种气质类型的人数构成比差异有统计学意义(P＜0.001), 高危儿更多表现为中间偏难养型气质。结论 抚养人在对脑损伤高危儿进行早期干预时应该尽早了解其气质特点。并根据其特点进行有针对性的个体化教养方式, 更利于患儿康复。

关键词: 脑损伤, 高危儿, 儿童气质, 维度