Abstract: Objective To investigate the condition of detection rate,prevalence and correlation with outdoor air pollutant concentration of respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) in hospitalized children with acute lower respiratory tract infection (ALRTI). Method The condition of positive rate and prevalence about RSV were analyzed in 5 465 children with ALRTI in Hebei Children's Hospital from April 2014 to March 2015.And the relationship was explored between RSV infection and air pollutant concentration while the real-time air quality monitoring data of Shijiazhuang in Hebei province was recorded. Results The positive cases of RSV was 1 517(27.76%).The air quality index (AQI),PM_2.5 and PM₁₀ were all at a higher level during our investigation.The hospitalized cases and RSV infection were positively raleated with the concentration of PM_2.5,PM₁₀ and SO₂ in air.According regression equation,hospitalized cases had a closest relation,while RSV infection was most closely correlated. Conclusion The air pollution concentration rising may be a reason of acute lower respiratory tract infection and RSV infection in children.

Key words: air pollutant, PM2.5, children, respiratory syncytial virus, acute lower respiratory tract infection

摘要： 目的 了解急性下呼吸道感染住院患儿中呼吸道合胞病毒(RSV)检出、流行情况及其与室外空气污染物浓度相关性。方法 收集2014年4月-2015年3月河北省儿童医院因急性下呼吸道感染(ALRTI)住院5 465例患儿中鼻咽分泌物病毒检测呼吸道合胞病毒检测阳性病例,分析RSV检出及流行情况。并实时记录河北省石家庄市空气质量检测数据,进一步探讨RSV与空气污染物浓度的相关性。结果 呼吸道合胞病毒检测阳性1 517例,检出率为27.76%。调查期间石家庄市空气质量(AQI)指数、PM_2.5、PM₁₀的平均值均处于较高水平。住院例数、RSV检出情况与PM_2.5、NO₂、SO₂呈正相关,根据回归方程住院例数与SO₂关系密切,呼吸道合胞病毒检出情况与PM_2.5浓度关系最为密切。结论 空气污染物浓度升高可增加儿童下呼吸道感染及呼吸道合胞病毒感染的几率。

关键词: 空气污染, PM_2.5, 儿童, 呼吸道合胞病毒, 急性下呼吸道感染