Abstract: Objective To understand the viral pathogen of children with acute respiratory infection(ARI) in Sanmenxia,and to provide guidance for direct clinical diagnosis and treatment. Methods Nasopharyngeal swabs were collected from 578 inpatient children diagnosed with ARI,and respiratory syncytial virus (RSV),adenovirus(ADV),parainfluenza virus Ⅰ,Ⅱ,Ⅲ (PIV Ⅰ～Ⅲ),influenza virus A,B (IVA,IVB) were detected by direct immunofluorescence. Results The total positive rate of virus pathogen of children with ARI was 61.59%.45.22% of the positive specimens were mixed infection.The total positive rate of virus pathogen was the highest in winter (77.35%) and the lowest in summer(25.0%).The total virus detection rate of lower respiratory tract infection was higher than that of upper respiratory tract infection.The detection rates of RSV,PIV Ⅲ and IVA ranked the top three,with 30.62%,28.89% and 21.97%,respectively.The detection rates of RSV and PIV Ⅲ were higher in lower respiratory tract infections in children under 3 years of age during the fall and winter.IVA had a higher detection rate in children with upper respiratory tract infection in winter. Conclusions RSV,PIV Ⅲ,IVA are main pathogens of acute respiratory tract infections in children from Sanmenxia area.RSV and PIV Ⅲ are the main pathogens of lower respiratory tract infections in children under 3 years old in autumn and winter.IVA is the main pathogen of upper respiratory tract infection in children of all ages in winter.It is of great significance to early diagnose virus pathogen and to avoid antibiotics abuse to detect viral pathogens in ARI children.

Key words: acute respiratory infection, virus, children

摘要： 目的 了解三门峡地区儿童急性呼吸道感染(ARI)的病毒病原学构成,指导临床诊断与治疗。方法 采集578例ARI住院患儿的鼻咽拭子,采用直接免疫荧光法检测7种病毒即呼吸道合胞病毒(RSV)、腺病毒(ADV)、副流感病毒Ⅰ、Ⅱ、Ⅲ(PIVⅠ～Ⅲ)、流感病毒A、B型(IVA、IVB)。结果 儿童ARI的病毒总检出率为61.59%,混合感染占45.22%。病毒总检出率冬季最高(77.35%)、夏季最低(25.00%)。下呼吸道感染的病毒总检出率高于上呼吸道感染。RSV、PIVⅢ、IVA的检出率位居前三位,分别为30.62%、28.89%、21.97%。RSV及PIVⅢ在秋冬季、下呼吸道感染、3岁以下患儿中检出率较高;IVA在冬季、上呼吸道感染患儿中检出率较高。结论 RSV 、PIVⅢ、IVA是三门峡地区儿童急性呼吸道感染的主要病毒病原。RSV 、PIVⅢ是秋冬季节婴幼儿下呼吸道感染的主要病原;IVA是冬季各年龄患儿上呼吸道感染的主要病原。通过检测儿童ARI的病毒病原,对尽早明确病毒病原,避免滥用抗生素具有重要意义。

关键词: 急性呼吸道感染, 病毒, 儿童