Abstract: Objective To analyze the clinical features of children with acute toxicity in Pediatric Intensive Care Unit (PICU), in order to provide evidence for the effective prevention and treatment. Methods A retrospective analysis was performed on the clinical data of 105 children,who were diagnosed with poisoning and discharged from PICU of Xijing Hospital from January 2007 to December 2016. Results Of the 105 cases, 67(63.8%) children were under 6 years old; 77 cases (77.3%) were from rural areas; 89(84.8%) cases were due to accidental poisoning. The drug poisoning accounted for 34 cases (32.4%). The pesticide, carbon monoxide (CO) poisoning and food poisoning accounted for 25 (23.8%), 19 (18.1%), and 11 (10.5%) respectively. Drugs were the most common toxins for urban children(42.9%), pesticide poisoning accounted for the highest proportion for rural children (32.5%). The intentional poisonings mainly happened in children at school age and adolescents. Drug and carbon monoxide poisonings presented with main clinical symptoms of the nervous system while pesticides and food poisonings showed mainly with symptoms of the digestive system, and rodenticide poisoning showed mainly with symptoms of hematological system. The effective rate of therapy was 92.4%, 4 cases (3.8%) were not improved and 4 were dead (3.8%). Conclusions Acute poisoning is common in infants and preschool children. The majority of acute poisoning is unintentional and most patients live in rural areas. Drugs are the most common agent causing the poisoning. There were differences in clinical manifestations among children suffering from different poisonings. Severe poisoning or delayed treatment is associated with poor outcome.

Key words: acute poisoning, children, clinical feature, prevention

摘要： 目的 分析儿科重症监护室(PICU)急性中毒患儿的临床特征,为有效防治儿童急性中毒提供依据。方法 回顾性分析2007年1月-2016年12月西京医院儿科PICU 105例中毒患儿的临床资料。 结果 105例急性中毒患儿中,≤ 6岁者67例(63.8%),农村患儿77例(73.3%),意外中毒89例(84.8%),药物中毒34例(32.4%),农药中毒25例(23.8%),CO中毒19例(18.1%),食物中毒11例(10.5%)。城镇患儿以药物中毒为主(42.9%),农村患儿以农药中毒为主(32.5%)。自服毒物主要发生在6~15岁儿童。药物、CO中毒患儿以神经系统症状为主,农药、食物中毒以消化系统症状为主,鼠药中毒以血液系统症状为主。治疗总有效率为92.4%,未愈4例(3.8%),死亡4例(3.8%)。结论 儿童急性中毒主要发生于婴幼儿和学龄前期,多为意外中毒,多发生在农村,药物是首位中毒物质,不同物质中毒患儿临床表现不同,中毒物质量大和延误治疗将导致不良后果。

关键词: 急性中毒, 儿童, 临床特征, 预防