Abstract: Objective To analyze the influence of different delivery status on preschool children′s physical fitness. Methods A total of 3 240 preschool children aged 3 to 6 years in Kunshan city were enrolled in this study through cluster sampling method.Children were surveyed about physical fitness and their delivery status.Multiple linear regression was used to analyze the influence of different delivery status on preschool children′s physical fitness. Results The average score of 3 240 preschool children′s physical fitness was 25.28±4.63.The average score of the boys′ physical fitness (24.44±4.64) was lower than that of the girls′ (26.16±4.45) (t=-10.78,P＜0.001).The average physical fitness score of preschool children in low grade (24.25±4.64) was lower than that of the preschool children in middle(25.38±4.54) or high grade (26.04±4.55) (F=40.52,P＜0.001).Multiple linear regressions found that the influence of cesarean and dystocia on the preschool children′s physical fitness was not significant after adjustment for gender,grade level (P=0.281).However,prematurity could reduce the average score of preschool children′s physical fitness by 1.08 points after adjustment for gender,grade level(P＜0.001),while post maturity had no significant influence on the average score of physical fitness(P=0.678). Conclusion Prematurity could have impact on preschool school children′s physical fitness.

Key words: preschool school children, physical fitness, delivery way, gestational week

摘要： 目的 调查分析不同分娩状态对学龄前儿童体质的影响。方法 通过分层整群随机抽样的方法,选取3~6岁学龄前儿童3 240例,调查昆山市学龄前儿童体质现况;同时进行问卷调查,包括研究对象的性别、年级、分娩状态等,采用多重线性回归分析不同分娩状态对学龄前儿童体质的影响。结果 本次研究共纳入研究对象3 240例,其体质测试的综合评分(25.28±4.63)分,其中男童的综合评分(24.44±4.64)分低于女童(26.16±4.45)分,差异有统计学意义(t=-10.78,P<0.001);小班[(24.25±4.64)]分的综合评分低于中班(25.38±4.54)分和大班(26.04±4.55)分(F＝40.52,P<0.001)。多重线性回归分析结果发现,控制了年级和性别的影响后,与顺产组相比,剖宫产对综合评分的影响差异无统计学意义(P＝0.281);与足月产相比,早产会使儿童的体质综合评分降低1.08分(P<0.001),而过期产对综合评分的影响尚无统计学意义(P=0.678)。结论 早产会降低学龄前儿童的体质水平。

关键词: 学龄前儿童, 体质, 分娩方式, 分娩孕周