Abstract: Objective To discuss the relationship between docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) supplementation during pregnancy and offspring′s allergic diseases,in order to provide new ideas for the prevention and treatment of allergic diseases in infants. Methods From June 2017 to November 2018, totally 806 children who were born and took child health care in Guangzhou Women and Children′s Medical Center were enrolled in this study.Food frequency questionnaires, child allergic diseases questionnaires were used to obtain the diet patterns during pregnancy and lactation, DHA supplementation information, and screening of children with suspected allergic diseases.The diagnosis of specific IgE antibodies was performed in children with suspected allergic diseases. Results Among the 806 children, the incidence of allergic disease was 26.2%(211/806), of which the incidence of eczema and food allergy was 23.0%(185/806) and 8.7%(70/806), respectively.The risk of allergic diseases(OR=0.10,95%CI:0.01-0.79) and eczema(OR=0.02, 95%CI:0.01—0.20) in children decreased with the increasing dose of maternal DHA supplementation when the dose was greater than 250 mg/d during pregnancy(P<0.05).Mothers′ history of allergy increased the risk of allergic diseases, eczema, food allergies in the offspring(OR=4.09, 23.75, 14.71,P<0.05). Conclusion Maternal DHA supplementation at a certain dose during pregnancy may be a protective factor against allergic disease in children, but the relationship between DHA supplementation and food allergy needs to be further explored.

Key words: DHA, allergic disease, children, eczema, food allergy

摘要： 目的 研究母亲孕期补充二十二碳六烯酸(DHA)与子代患过敏性疾病的关系,为婴儿过敏性疾病防治提供新思路。方法 选取2017年6月-2018年11月在广州市妇女儿童医疗中心分娩并进行儿童保健的806对母子,采用食物频率问卷、儿童过敏性疾病问卷等获取母亲孕期和哺乳期饮食模式、DHA补充情况,及筛选过敏性疾病可疑患儿。对可疑过敏性疾病患儿进行特异性IgE抗体检测进行确诊。结果 在806名儿童中,过敏性疾病发病率为26.2%(211/806),其中湿疹的发病率为23.0%(185/806),食物过敏的发病率为8.7%(70/806)。母亲孕期DHA补充剂量≥250 mg/d时,儿童患过敏性疾病(OR=0.10,95%CI:0.01~0.79)、湿疹(OR=0.02,95%CI:0.01~0.20)的风险随着补充剂量的增加而降低。母亲有过敏史,增加其子代过敏性疾病、湿疹、食物过敏的发生风险(OR分别为4.09、23.75、14.71,P<0.05)。结论 母亲孕期DHA补充剂量达到一定剂量时,可能是儿童患过敏性疾病的保护因素,而DHA补充与食物过敏的关系需要进一步探讨。

关键词: DHA, 过敏性疾病, 儿童, 湿疹, 食物过敏