Abstract: Objective To analyze the differences in body composition of children with different genders,age and nutritional status,so as to provide basis for children's health evaluation. Methods A total of 1 185 children aged 3 to 8 years who took physical examination in Shenzhen Maternal ＆ Child Healthcare Hospital from January to December 2019 were enrolled in this study. All participants were measured for height and weight,and multi-frequency bioelectrical impedance analysis (MF-BIA) was used to measure body composition indicators. The correlations among gender,age and nutritional status with children's body composition were analyzed. Results The weight,body mass index(BMI),fat-free mass(FFM),total body water(TBW) and basal metabolic rate(BMR) of boys were higher than those of girls,while PBF was lower in girls (t=2.94,5.05,5.21,4.67,2.88,5.27,P<0.05). The height and body fat (BF) changed little between different boys and girls,and the difference was not statistically significant (P>0.05). BF,FFM of boys and girls all increased with age,while BMI decreased with age firstly but turned to an increasing trend from 6—years old (P<0.05). The age of adiposity rebound (AR) in children was about 5 years old. BF,PBF and FFM of boys and girls all gradually increased with the increasing of BMI (boys:F=33.28、29.81、33.02;girls:F=28.57、13.38、24.55,P<0.05). There was a high consistency between PBF and BMI in the evaluation of overweight and obesity in children (χ²=143.28、99.02,P<0.05),but the detection rate of overweight and obesity in PBF was higher (P<0.05). Conclusions There are obvious differences in body composition among children with different genders,age and nutritional status. Body composition has a good early warning effect on the occurrence of overweight and obesity in children,and is a beneficial supplement to the health evaluation of children.

Key words: body composition, multi-frequency bioelectrical impedance analysis, nutritional status, adiposity rebound, children

摘要： 目的 探讨不同性别、年龄及营养状态儿童体成分的差异,为儿童健康评价提供线索。方法 选取2019年1—12月在深圳市妇幼保健院儿童健康科体检的儿童1 185例,年龄3~8岁。所有研究对象均进行身高、体重测量;应用多频生物电阻抗分析仪测量人体成分各指标;分析不同性别、年龄、营养状态与儿童体成分之间的关系。结果 男童的体重、BMI、去脂体重、身体水分及基础代谢率均高于女童,体脂率低于女童(t=2.94、5.05、5.21、4.67、2.88、5.27,P＜0.05);而身高和体脂含量在不同性别组间变化小,差异无统计学意义(P＞0.05)。男、女童的体脂含量、去脂体重均随年龄增长而增加,而BMI随年龄增加呈现先降低后(至6~岁)增加的趋势(P＜0.05),按BMI变化趋势,儿童脂肪重聚年龄约5岁。男、女童体脂含量、体脂百分比、去脂体重、均随BMI增加而逐渐递增(男:F=33.28、29.81、33.02,女:F=28.57、13.38、24.55,P＜0.05)。PBF与BMI评价儿童超重和肥胖有较高的一致性(χ²=143.28、99.02,P＜0.05),但PBF的超重及肥胖检出率更高(P＜0.05)。结论 不同性别、年龄及营养状态儿童的人体成分存在明显差异,体成分对于儿童超重和肥胖的发生有较好的预警作用,是对儿童健康评价的有益补充。

关键词: 人体成分, 多频生物电阻抗技术, 营养状态, 脂肪重聚, 儿童