Abstract: Objective To understand the current situation of children's oral replacement period,common dental health problems and influencing factors,and parents' knowledge of children's dental health,so as to provide basis for scientific maintenance of children's oral health. Methods A cross-sectional study was performed to select 1 023 children aged 4 to 7 years as participants in Qiqihar from January to May in 2019 by a stratified cluster sampling method. Common oral health problem and the influencing factors were investigated. Results A total of 435(42.52%) children were in the teeth replacement period in this survey. And 875 children took oral examination,founding that 266(30.4%) had dental caries. Logistic regression analysis showed that high frequency of drinks such as intake of juice(OR=2.254,95%CI:1.185—2.289,P＜0.05),often snacking before bed (OR=2.515,95%CI:1.437—4.403,P＜0.05) and no oral care after eating (OR=2.490,95%CI:1.412—4.390,P＜0.05) were the influencing factors of dental caries. Eating candy≥3 times/d(OR=3.924,95%CI:1.264—12.184,P＜0.05) and dessert for 1-2 times/d(OR=3.378,95%CI:1.219—9.361,P＜0.05) may be risk factors for children to enter teething earlier. Conclusions Some children's dental replacement period is earlier. Family factors,eating habits and lifestyle are the factors influencing children's dental health. Thus,parents are supposed to improve the understanding of children's oral health in order to protect children's oral health scientifically and reasonably.

Key words: dental replacement period, oral health, children

摘要： 目的 了解儿童替牙期现状、常见牙齿问题及影响因素、家长对儿童牙齿健康知识的知晓情况,为科学维护儿童口腔健康提供依据。方法 2019年1-5月本研究采用横断面调查的方法,通过分层整群抽样的方法以齐齐哈尔市的1 023名4～7岁儿童为研究对象,探究其替牙期常见的牙齿健康问题及影响因素。结果 本次调查发现,有435名(42.52%)儿童进入了替牙期;185名(18.10%)儿童牙齿受过外伤。875名儿童接受口腔检查,266名(30.4%)儿童患有龋齿。通过Logistic回归分析,发现摄入果汁等饮料的频率≥3次/d(OR=2.254,95%CI:1.185～4.289,P＜0.05)、经常睡前吃零食(OR=2.515,95%CI:1.437～4.403,P＜0.05)、进食后未进行口腔护理(OR=2.490,95%CI:1.412～4.390,P＜0.05)为龋齿的危险因素。进食糖果≥3次/d(OR=3.924,95%CI:1.264～12.184,P＜0.05)及进食甜点1~2次/d(OR=3.378,95%CI:1.219～9.361,P＜0.05)是儿童提前进入替牙期的危险因素。结论 部分儿童存在替牙期提前的状况,家庭因素、饮食习惯和生活方式是影响儿童牙齿健康的因素,应提高家长对儿童口腔健康的认识,科学合理的维护儿童口腔健康。

关键词: 替牙期, 牙齿健康, 儿童