Abstract: Objective To assess the phonological development of children aged 2 to 6 years, and to analyze its influencing factors. Methods From July 2021 to February 2022, 198 children aged 2 to 6 years who took regular physical examination in Shandong Province Qianfosha Hospital were included in this study, and were divided into 8 groups by age with 0.5 years intervals. Language Development Assessment Scale for Children aged 2 - 6 Years was used to assess the pronunciation of the participants, and the influencing factors were analyzed. Results 1) The initials 'm', 'b', 't' and 'j' were level 1; the initials 'x', 'p', 'n', 'h', 'q', 'g' and 'd' were level 2; the initials 'k', ' f', 'l', 'ch', 'sh', 'zh', 'c', 'z' and 'r' were level 3; and the initials 's' was level 4. Levels 1 to 3 were all met, while level 4 was not. The finals were all up to standard. According to the age group, the initials were partially not up to the standard in children aged 2 - 4 years old, and were up to the standardin children aged 4 to 6 years, the finals reached to the standardin children aged 2.5 to 5.5 years. 2) Picky eating, late age of solid food intake, use of dialect for communication and long screen time were associated with higher rate of initials errors(P＜0.05). Picky eating, semi-liquid diet, primary school education, use of dialect for communication and long screen time on work day were associated with higher rate of finals error(P＜0.05). Conclusions There is a significant correlation between age and Chinese phonetics development. Phonics is learned by the age of 4. Dietary behavior, family language environment, main caregiver and screen time are related to phonetics development of children.

Key words: children, language, Chinese phonetics, initials, finals, family language environment

摘要： 目的 对2～6岁儿童进行语音评估,探讨语音的发展现状及其影响因素。方法 纳入2021年7月—2022年2月于山东省千佛山医院门诊正常体检的2～6岁儿童198名,每隔0.5岁共8个年龄组,采用《2～6岁儿童语言发育评估量表》对入组儿童进行语音评估,并分析影响因素。结果 1)声母m、b、t、j为1级;声母x、p、n、h、q、g、d为2级;声k、f、l、ch、sh、zh、c、z、r为3级;声母s为4级。1～3级均达标,4级不达标。韵母均达标。按年龄段来看,声母在2～4岁部分不达标,在4～6岁均达标;韵母在2.5～5.5岁达标。2)挑食、进食固体食物年龄晚、使用方言交流及屏幕时间长与声母错误率高相关(P<0.05);挑食、半流质饮食、主要代养人学历为小学、使用方言交流及工作日屏幕时间长与韵母错误率高相关(P<0.05)。结论 年龄与语音发展相关性最显著,语音在4岁时全部掌握。饮食行为、家庭语言环境、主要代养人、屏幕时间与相关儿童语音发育密切相关。

关键词: 儿童, 语言, 语音, 声母, 韵母, 家庭语言环境