Effects of air pollutants and meteorological factors on childhood asthma in Hohhot urban area

doi:10.11852/zgetbjzz2023-0211

Abstract

Abstract: Objective To investigate the correlation of childhood asthma with air pollutants and meteorological factors in Hohhot urban area, and to determine the main environmental factors affecting the incidence of asthma in children of all ages, so as to provide reference for formulating targeted prevention and emergency measures. Methods The treatment information of childhood asthma in Hohhot urban area from 2015 to 2019 was retrospectively analyzed, and the concentration data of main air pollutants and meteorological data in the same period were statistically collected. The correlations of childhood asthma at all ages with air pollutants and meteorological factors were analyzed to clarify the effects of air pollutants and meteorological factors on childhood asthma. Results During the infant period, the number of asthma patients in spring was positively correlated with NO₂ concentration (r=0.351, P=0.049), and the number of asthma patients in summer was negatively correlated with concentrations of PM_2.5 (r=-0.445, P=0.010)and CO (r=-0.441,P=0.010), and the number of asthma patients in winter was positively correlated with CO concentration (r=0.544,P=0.011). The number of school-age children with asthma in winter was positively correlated with the concentrations of CO (r=0.690, P=0.003) and SO₂ (r=0.808, P＜0.001). There were significant correlations between air pollutants and meteorological factors. Conclusions Meteorological factors play an important role in the diffusion of air pollutants. In the prevention of asthma in children, it is important to keep abreast of air pollution and climate change and to implement targeted prevention and control measures in different seasons.

Key words: childhood asthma, air pollution, meteorological factors, seasonality, age

摘要： 目的研究呼和浩特市城区儿童哮喘与空气污染物及气象因子的关系,明确影响各年龄段儿童哮喘发病的主要环境因子,为制定具有针对性的预防和应急措施提供参考依据。方法回顾性分析呼和浩特城区2015—2019年儿童哮喘就诊信息,统计同期主要空气污染物浓度资料及气象资料。分析了不同年龄段儿童哮喘与空气污染物和气象因子的相关性,以期厘清空气污染物和气象因子对儿童哮喘的影响。结果婴幼儿期,春季哮喘就诊人数与NO₂呈正相关(r=0.351,P=0.049);夏季就诊人数与PM_2.5(r=-0.445,P=0.010)、CO(r=-0.441,P=0.010)呈负相关;冬季就诊人数与CO呈正相关(r=0.544,P=0.011)。学龄期儿童在冬季哮喘就诊人数与CO(r=0.690,P=0.003)、SO₂(r=0.808,P<0.001)呈正相关。空气污染物与各个气象因子之间均存在不同程度的相关性。结论气象因素对空气污染物的扩散起着重要作用。在儿童哮喘的预防工作中,要及时关注空气污染以及气候变化,在不同季节,开展针对性的防控措施。

关键词: 儿童哮喘, 空气污染, 气象因素, 季节性, 年龄

CLC Number:

R725.6

LIANG Xiaoping, ZHANG Yuling, ZHANG Qiaoling, HAN Fang. Effects of air pollutants and meteorological factors on childhood asthma in Hohhot urban area[J]. Chinese Journal of Child Health Care, 2023, 31(11): 1260-1264.

梁晓平, 张玉玲, 张巧玲, 韩芳. 呼和浩特城区空气污染与气象因素对儿童哮喘的影响[J]. 中国儿童保健杂志, 2023, 31(11): 1260-1264.

References

[1] 蔡明轩,魏兵,廖世峨,等.ADRB2基因调控区多态性与儿童哮喘易感性的相关性研究[J].中国当代儿科杂志,2021,23(11):1132-1140.
Cai MX,Wei B,Liao SE,et al. Association between ADRB2 regulatory region polymorphisms and susceptibility to childhood asthma[J].Chin J Contemp Pediatr,2021,23(11):1132-1140.(in Chinese)
[2] Shin SW,Bae DJ ,Park CS,et al. Effects of air pollution on moderate and severe asthma exacerbations[J].J Asthma,2020,57(8):875-885.
[3] 富妍妍,刘伟,徐丽媛.郊区和城区空气污染物浓度差异及与儿童哮喘患病情况的关系[J].中国儿童保健杂志,2022,30(11):1262-1266.
Fu YY,Liu W,Xu LY.Difference in air pollutant concentration between suburbs and urban areas and its correlation with the severity of asthma in children[J].Chin J Child Health Care,2022,30(11):1262-1266.(in Chinese)
[4] 宁利佳,任晓红.辅助性T细胞亚群、超敏C-反应蛋白和免疫球蛋白E 对患儿哮喘急性发作合并呼吸道病毒感染的诊断价值[J].陕西医学杂志,2022,51(10):1267-1269,1273.
Ning LJ,Ren XH.Diagnostic value of helper T cell subsets,hs-CRP and IgE in children with acute asthma attack and respiratory virus infection[J].Shaanxi Medical Journal,2022,51(10):1267-1269,1273.
[5] 马依拉·尔肯,晓开提·依不拉音,吴文华.乌鲁木齐市大气污染与儿童哮喘住院人数的相关性[J].新疆医科大学学报,2014,37(10):1382-1384.
Maylia erken,Xiaokaiti Yibulayin,Wu WH.Correlation anslysis between the number of hospitalization asthmatic in children and air pollution ang meteorlogical factors[J]. J Xinjiang Med Univ,2014,37(10):1382-1384.
[6] 许钰翎,师瑜,杨明珠.儿童呼吸困难评分在儿童急性哮喘病情中的评估作用及其与患儿肺通气功能关联性分析[J].陕西医学杂志,2023,52(7):885-888.
Xu YL,Shi Y,Yang MZ.Role of PRAM in evaluating children with acute asthma and its correlation with pulmonary ventilation function[J].Shaanxi Medical Journal,2023,52(7):885-888.
[7] Huang S,Garshick E,Weschler LB,et al.Home environmental and lifestyle factors associated with asthma,rhinitis and wheeze in children in Beijing,China[J].Environ Pollut,2020, 256:113426.
[8] 中华医学会儿科学分会呼吸学组,《中华儿科杂志》编辑委员会.儿童支气管哮喘诊断与防治指南(2016年版)[J].中华儿科杂志,2016,54(3):167-181.
The Subspecialty Group of Respiratory Diseases,The Society of Pediatrics,Chinese Medical Association,The Editorial Board,Chinese Journal of Pediatrics.Guideline for the diagnosis and optimal management of asthma in children(2016)[J].Chin J Pediatr,2016,54(3):167-181.(in Chinese)
[9] 岳春兰,田执梁.空气污染与儿童哮喘发病机制的研究进展[J].中国儿童保健杂志,2018,26(5):510-512.
Yue CL,Tian ZL.Research progress on the relationship between air pollution and mechanism of asthma in children[J].Chin J Child Health Care,2018,26(5):510-512.(in Chinese)
[10] 李昱剑,王杨,阚璇.中国儿童哮喘急性发作危险因素的Meta分析[J].中国儿童保健杂志,2021,29(9):992-995.
Li YJ,Wang Y,Kan X.Meta-analysis of risk factors for acute attack of asthma in Chinese children[J].Chin J Child Health Care,2021,29(9):992-995.(in Chinese)
[11] 徐曼,程宇飞,高际玫,等.呼和浩特市PM_2.5和PM₁₀污染特征与相关性分析[J].环境与发展,2021,33(2):178-185,191.
Xu M,Chen YF,Gao JM,et al.Analysis on the characteristics and trends of PM_2.5 and PM₁₀ pollution in Hohhot[J].Environ Dev,2021,33(2):178-185,191.(in Chinese)
[12] 徐海侠,崔晓波,刘佳荣,等.内蒙古呼和浩特城区气传致敏花粉流行情况调查[J].山东大学耳鼻喉眼学报,2020,34(2):106-109.
Xu HX,Cui XB ,Liu JR ,et al. Study of airborne allergenic pollen in the urban district of Hohhot city[J]. J Otolaryngol Ophthalmol Shandong Univ,2020,34(2):106-109.(in Chinese)
[13] 邓卓怡.呼和浩特城区花粉及气象因素与变应性鼻炎就诊情况的相关性研究[D].呼和浩特:内蒙古医科大学,2021.
Deng ZY.Study on the correlation between pollen and eteorological factors and allergic rhinitis visits in the urban area of Hohhot[D].Hohhot :Inner Mongolia Medical University,2021.(in Chinese)
[14] 徐丽娜,李兴华,冯震,等.呼和浩特市大气污染特征及气象影响因子研究[J].干旱区资源与环境,2019,33(6):150-157.
Xu LN,Li XH,Feng Z,et al.The study of characteristics of air pollution and meteorological factors in Hohhot[J].J Arid Land Resour Environ,2019,33(6):150-157.(in Chinese)
[15] 王艳杰,吴文华,任泉,等.气象因素与儿童支气管哮喘发病关系的meta分析[J].职业与健康,2020,36(17):2415-2418.
Wang YJ,Wu WH,Ren Q,et al.Meta-analysis on relationship between meteorological factors and childhood asthma[J]. Occup Health,2020,36(17):2415-2418.(in Chinese)
[16] 高永伟.延安市城区空气污染物及气象因素与哮喘儿童急性发作住院的相关性研究[D].延安:延安大学,2021.
Gao YW.The Correlation between air pollution meteorological factors and the number of children hospitalized with acute attack of asthma in Yan′an[D]. Yan′an:Yan′an University,2021.(in Chinese)
[17] 陈宝海,李伟,沈征,等.杭州地区门诊哮喘患儿比例与PM_2.5和气温的相关性研究[J].中国儿童保健杂志,2020,28(12):1405-1407.
Chen BH,Li W,Shen Z,et al. Study on the correlation between the proportion of outpatient children with asthma and PM_2.5 and temperature in Hangzhou[J].Chin J Child Health Care,2020,28(12):1405-1407.(in Chinese)