Association of ambient air pollutants with the risk of preterm birth in Xuhui District,Shanghai

doi:10.11852/zgetbjzz2017-25-10-06

Abstract

Abstract: Objectives To understand the association of air pollutants with preterm birth in Xuhui District and to quantitatively evaluate the effect of air pollutants (PM₁₀,SO₂,and NO₂) on preterm birth. Method A generalized additive model (GAM) was used to analyse the association of air pollutants (PM₁₀,SO₂,and NO₂) with preterm delivery after controlling confounders including the covariates of temperature,humidity and day of week (DOW). Results A significant effect of PM₁₀ was observed only in 1-week exposure before preterm birth.An increase of 10 μg/m3 of 1-week average PM₁₀ corresponded to 1.868% (95%CI:0.339%~3.397%) higher rate of preterm birth.NO₂,with 1-week,2-week and 3-week exposure before delivery,was statistically significant with preterm birth and with the NO₂ rising per 10 μg/m3,the incidence of preterm birth was up to 6.241%(95%CI:2.294% ~10.134%),7.098% (95%CI:2.100%~12.096%) and 6.498% (95%CI:0.344%~12.652%)respectively.Otherwise,SO₂ had no signficant impact on the premature occurrence.After stratified by maternal age,birth defects,and number of births,the stronger associations with PM₁₀ in the levels of single birth,infants who had birth defects,maternal age below 24 and over 34 years old,were considered.NO₂ was related to preterm birth only at the level of maternal age over 34 years old.The effect of SO₂ on premature was not observed within each group.Studies of acute effects were also overtaken.In the analysis of pollutants,only NO₂ with lag4 and lag5 exhibited an effect on preterm birth. Conclusions The influences of air pollutants PM₁₀ and NO₂ are statistically significant on preterm birth.The effect of exposure of 3 weeks before birth is more meaningful than acute effect.The impact of SO₂ on premature is not found.

Key words: air pollution, PM₁₀, SO₂, NO₂, preterm birth, time-series

摘要： 目的本研究旨在分析上海市徐汇区大气污染物对早产发生的影响,定量评估不同大气污染物(PM₁₀、SO₂、NO₂)对早产发生的影响。方法根据时间序列研究方法,采用过分散的广义相加模型(GAM),在控制时间平滑趋势、气温、气湿和星期几效应等混杂因素后,分析PM₁₀、SO₂、NO₂和每日早产发生数的关联。结果对于不同污染物来说,PM10仅在累积暴露为产前1周时,对早产发生的影响有统计学意义,PM₁₀每升高10 μg/m³,早产发生率上升1.868%(95%CI0.339%~3.397%);NO₂在累积暴露为产前1、2和3周时,对早产发生的影响均有统计学意义,NO₂每升高10 μg/m³,早产发生率分别上升6.214%(95%CI2.294%~10.134%)、7.098%(95%CI2.100%~12.096%)和6.498%(95%CI0.344%~12.652%);SO₂无论累积暴露为产前1、2、3周还是4周,对早产发生的影响均无统计学意义(P>0.05)。根据母亲年龄、胎数和是否出生畸形分层后,发现对于单胎、出生畸形、以及母亲年龄为≤24岁和≥35岁的层组来说,产前1周的PM₁₀平均浓度水平上升对早产发生有影响。产前1周的NO₂平均浓度水平和早产的发生,仅与母亲年龄≥35岁组有关。各层组均未观察到SO₂平均浓度水平的改变和早产发生的效应。3种污染物的单日滞后0~6 d(lag0~lag6)的急性期暴露效应,结果显示仅对于NO₂的lag4和lag5的滞后效应有统计学意义。结论大气污染物PM₁₀和NO₂对早产发生的影响有统计学意义,尤其是NO₂的累积暴露浓度滞后时间更长,且产前3周内的累积效应比产前7日的急性期滞后效应更有意义,研究中未发现SO₂对早产的影响。

关键词: 大气污染, PM₁₀, SO₂, NO₂, 早产, 时间序列

CLC Number:

R179

WANG Fei,CHEN Ren-jie,WANG Xian,GU Hai-yan,KAN Hai-dong. Association of ambient air pollutants with the risk of preterm birth in Xuhui District,Shanghai[J]. journal1, 2017, 25(10): 993-997.

王飞 ,陈仁杰,王现,顾海雁,阚海东. 上海市徐汇区大气污染物与新生儿早产的关联性研究[J]. 中国儿童保健杂志, 2017, 25(10): 993-997.

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