Abstract: Objective To explore the age and gender differences in body composition of children in Haidian District,Beijing,to research development rules of body composition,and to accumulate data for researching the growth of the dynamic data and development of the body composition of children in the future. Methods Children aged 6~15 were enrolled by random sampling,including 510 males and 497 females.In this study,two-factor ANOVA was used to analyze the effects of age and sex on the body composition,one-factor ANOVA was used to analyze the differences of age on body composition,independent sample t test was used to analyze the differences of gender on body composition,data fitting method was used to establish the regression equation of the change of body composition index. Results Relative total water and relative protein first flat,second decline,third flat,then increase,finally flat with increasing age in boys.Relative inorganic salt first flat,second decline,third flat,then increase,finally flat with increasing age in boys.Relative visceral fat area first flat,second increase,third flat,forth increase,then flat,finally increase with increasing age in boys.Relative total water and relative protein first flat,second decline,third flat,then decline,finally flat with increasing age in girls.Relative inorganic salt first flat,second decline,finally flat with increasing age in girls.Relative visceral fat area first flat,second increase,third flat,then increase,finally flat with increasing age in girls. Conclusions This study demonstrates that age and gender have significant effects on body composition.The body composition should be controlled during childhood according to different genders,so as to provide reference value for the prevention of children obesity.

Key words: children aged 6~15, body composition, growth, development

摘要： 目的 探讨北京市海淀区少儿体成分年龄、性别差异,研究体成分发育规律,为今后研究儿童体成分生长发育变化积累数据。方法 采用随机抽样方法测量6~15岁少儿体成分,其中男510名、女497名。采用双因素方差分析比较年龄、性别影响,单因素方差分析比较年龄差异,独立样本t检验分析性别差异,数据拟合建立回归曲线。结果 男少儿随年龄增加相对总水分和相对蛋白质先持平、后减少、再持平、又增加、最后持平;相对无机盐先持平、后减少、再持平,又增加、最后持平;内脏脂肪面积先持平、后增加、 再持平、又增加、再持平、最后增加。而女少儿随年龄增加相对总水分和相对蛋白质先持平、后减少、再持平、又减少、最后持平;相对无机盐先持平、后减少、最后持平;内脏脂肪面积先持平、后增加、再持平、又增加、最后持平。结论 性别、年龄对体成分各指标有显著性影响;应在少儿时期分性别对体成分进行控制,从而为预防少儿肥胖提供参考价值。

关键词: 6~15岁儿童, 体成分, 生长, 发育