Abstract: Objective To explore the influencing factors of foreign body aspiration (FBA) and parents′ knownledge regarding of FBA,and to provide theoretical basis for prevention and control of diseases. Methods A retrospective review was done in 202 patients who had FBA from October 2017 to January 2019 in the Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi′an Jiaotong University. During the same period,100 patients with acute laryngitis were recruited continuously as the control group. The questionnaire of parental awareness of children′s FBA was used to investigate the children’s parents about the knownledge related to FBA. Results Among the 202 children with FBA,86.2% were under 3 years old,with 1.85∶1 in male and female ratios,2.74∶1 in the ratio of urban and rural areas,and 68.4% of parents were under high school education. Wooden tracheobronchial foreign bodies were mainly in 191 cases (94.6%),including 158 cases (78.2%) of nuts and beans. The main causes was crying while having a meal (68.3%). Only 15.8% cases got effective treatment during the initial 24 hours after FBA. There were statistically significant differences in parents recognition of the types of foreign bodies,children′s eating patterns and the general cognition of FBA between FBA group and control group (χ²=4.47,5.32,11.17 respectively,P<0.05),with no significant difference in the cognition of FBA symptoms (χ²=0.61,P> 0.05). Conclusion Children′s FBA have obvious epidemic characteristics in age,gender,urban and rural areas,and caregivers′ educational level. Parents′ low cognition may be the main reason for the high incidence of FBA.

Key words: foreign body aspiration, parental awareness, children

摘要： 目的 调查儿童呼吸道异物的发病影响因素及家长对呼吸道异物的认知情况,为该病的控制及预防提供依据。方法 回顾性分析2017年10月-2019年1月在西安交通大学第二附属医院收治的202例呼吸道异物患儿发病原因及病情特点。同期连续接诊的100例急性喉炎患儿做为对照组,用自制《儿童呼吸道异物家长认知度调查问卷》对患儿家长进行呼吸道异物相关知识的问卷调查。结果 202例呼吸道异物患儿中3岁以下占86.2%,男女比例为1.85∶1,农村与城镇比例2.74∶1,看护人文化程度高中以下的占68.4%。异物种类以植物性异物为主191例(94.6%),其中坚果、豆类158例(78.2%)。进食哭闹是主要诱发因素,共138例(68.3%)。就诊时间在24 h内的有15.8%。两组患儿家长在异物种类、进食方式和呼吸道异物疾病总体认知三个方面差异有统计学意义(χ²＝4.47,5.32,11.17,P＜0.05),而在疾病症状的认知方面差异无统计学意义(χ²=0.61,P＞0.05)。结论 儿童呼吸道异物具有明显的年龄、性别、城乡、文化程度差异特征,家长对呼吸道异物的认知程度较低可能是造成呼吸道异物发生率高的主要原因。

关键词: 呼吸道异物, 家长认知度, 儿童