Abstract: Objective To describe the differences in parenting environment in children with autism spectrum disorders(ASD)and development delay,and to analyze the association between the family nurturing environment and developmental assessment result among autistic children. Methods From January 2018 to August 2020,totally 42 ASD children and 48 children with development delay were enrolled in this study from Ma′anshan Maternal and Child Health Hospital.Both groups were assessed by Gesell Developmental Scale and the family rearing environment completed by parents. Results There were 33(36.7%)children whose rearing environment rated as poor,of whom 12(28.6%)children was in ASD group,and 21(43.8%)children in developmental delay group.The detection rate of poor emotional warmth in ASD group was significantly higher than that in children with developmental delay(Z=2.490,P＜0.05), but the difference on other dimensions between the two groups was not significant(P>0.05).In addition,ASD children living in poor parenting environment had lower score in adaptive behavior(F=3.662,P＜0.05). Conclusion More attention should be paid to promoting the family rearing environment of ASD children,family-oriented intervention and education may promote the rehabilitation effect.

Key words: children, autism, nurturing environment, neuropsychological development

摘要： 目的 描述孤独症谱系障碍(ASD)儿童和发育迟缓儿童家庭养育环境分布差异,分析ASD儿童家庭养育环境与发育评估结果的相关性。方法 选取2018年1月—2020年8月在马鞍山市妇幼保健院儿童心理保健科就诊的ASD儿童(n=42)和发育迟缓儿童(n=48)为研究对象。两组儿童均要求完成Gesell发育量表评估,同时要求家长填写《家庭养育环境量表》。结果 本研究中家庭养育环境整体评价结果中“不良环境”33例,占36.7%。其中ASD组家庭养育“不良环境”12例,占28.6%,低于发育迟缓组(43.8%)。ASD儿童“情感温暖”不良的检出率高于发育迟缓组儿童(Z=2.490,P<0.05),家庭养育环境其他维度两组间差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。此外,家庭养育环境不良的ASD儿童其适应性行为评分均数偏低(F=3.662,P<0.05)。结论 ASD儿童的养育环境促进应受到关注,家庭干预和家长教育可能促进改善其康复效果。

关键词: 儿童, 孤独症, 养育环境, 神经心理发育