Abstract: Objective To analyze the prevalence of nutritional diseases in children under 5 years old in Lanzhou from 2000 to 2018, and to explore the possible influencing factors. Methods Data of maternal and child health annual report in Lanzhou from 2000 to 2018 were collected, and the results were described by dynamic series through Chi-square and trend Chi-square test and Spearman correlation test with SPSS 20.0 software. Results From 2000 to 2018, the prevalence of moderate and severe malnutrition in children under 5 years old in Lanzhou was 2.57%, showing a downward trend (χ²_trend=159.200, P<0.05).There was no significant difference between urban areas and counties (χ²=0.205, P > 0.05).The low weight rate (1.65%), growth retardation rate (0.69%), overweight rate (2.21%) and obesity rate (0.05%) of children under 5 years old in Lanzhou showed a downward trend from 2014 to 2018(P<0.05).Neonatal visit, healthcare coverage for children under 7 years old, systematic management for children under 3 years old, breastfeeding within 6 months old and exclusive breastfeeding within 6 months old were all negatively correlated with the occurrence of moderate and severe malnutrition in children under 5 years old (r=-0.712,-0.663,-0.784,-0.750,-0.909,P<0.05). Conclusions The rate of moderate and severe malnutrition of children under 5 years old in Lanzhou is decreasing, and the gap between cities and counties is gradually narrowing.At present, there is a double burden of overweight and obesity in urban children and low weight growth retardation in suburban children in Lanzhou, but the prevalence is at a low level in the whole country.Thus it is supposed to strengthen children's health care, actively carry out health education and promote children's healthy growth.

Key words: child malnutrition, nutritional disease, growth retardation, obesity

摘要： 目的 分析兰州市2000-2018年5岁以下儿童营养性疾病患病情况,探讨可能影响因素,对未来制定儿童保健政策提供依据。方法 收集2000-2018年兰州市妇幼卫生年报资料,通过SPSS 20.0软件经χ²检验、趋势χ²检验、Spearman相关检验对数据进行分析,运用动态数列描述结果。结果 2000-2018年兰州市5岁以下儿童中重度营养不良平均患病率为2.57%,且呈下降趋势(χ²_趋势=159.200,P＜0.05),城区县区差异无统计学意义(χ²=0.205,P＞0.05)。2014-2018年兰州市5岁以下儿童平均低体重率(1.65%)、生长迟缓率(0.69%)、超重率(2.21%)和肥胖率(0.05%)均呈下降趋势(P＜0.05)。新生儿访视、7岁以下儿童保健覆盖、3岁以下儿童系统管理、6个月以内母乳喂养以及6个月以内纯母乳喂养都与5岁以下儿童中重度营养不良的发生呈负相关(r=-0.712,-0.663,-0.784,-0.750,-0.909,P＜0.05)。结论 兰州市5岁以下儿童中重度营养不良率呈下降趋势,城区县区间的差距逐渐缩小。目前兰州市出现城区儿童以超重肥胖为主、县区儿童以低体重、生长迟缓的营养性疾病的双重负担,但其患病率在全国范围处于较低水平,应继续加强儿童保健工作,积极开展健康教育,促进儿童健康成长。

关键词: 儿童营养不良, 营养性疾病, 生长迟缓, 肥胖