Abstract: Breast feeding is considered to offer optimal nutrition for healthy growth and development of infants.In recent years,the observational studies have shown breast feeding may prevent the occurrence of childhood obesity.However,some breast-fed infants especially exclusively breast-fed have excessive weight gain.The influences contributing to high weight gain and effects on the long-term health development are followed.This article summarizes the risk factors and prognosis of excessive weight gain in breast-fed infants.It shows the high level of protein content,the high levels of insulin-like growth factor-1(IGF-1),ghrelin,leptin,and oligosaccharide diversity in breast milk may be the risk factors for obesity in breast-fed children.Feeding behaviors,such as feeding breast milk by bottle,more feeding times at night,long duration and short interval in feeding,might be related to obesity in breast-fed children.Researches have shown overweight or obesity in infancy would increase the risk of childhood obesity whether they are breastfed or formula fed.

Key words: breastfeeding, obesity, risk factor, prognostic analysis

摘要： 母乳喂养可以为健康婴儿的生长发育提供最佳的营养。近年来的研究显示母乳喂养能预防儿童期肥胖的发生,但某些母乳喂养特别是纯母乳喂养的婴儿为何肥胖,这种现象对远期健康产生怎样的影响等问题逐渐引起学者们的重视。本文对母乳喂养婴儿肥胖的危险因素及预后研究进行总结,母乳中的高蛋白质含量,高水平的胰岛素样生长因子-1(IGF-1)、胃饥饿激素、瘦素以及寡糖多样性可能是导致母乳喂养婴儿生长过快的危险因素;人乳奶瓶喂养、夜间喂养次数多、每次喂养持续时间长、每次喂养间隔时间短等喂养行为问题也是母乳喂养婴儿肥胖的高危因素。不论是对母乳喂养还是配方奶喂养的婴儿,婴儿期超重或肥胖都会增加以后儿童期肥胖的风险。

关键词: 母乳喂养, 肥胖, 危险因素, 预后分析