Abstract: To explore the difference of dietary patterns and nutrient intake of obese children,in order to provide scientific evidence for the intervention of childhood obesity . Method Totally 70 children aged 7~14 with simple obesity and 70 normal children in pediatric outpatient of the Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi′an Jiaotong University were enrolled from June 2016 to June 2017.Height,weight,waist circumference,hip circumference,blood pressure and body fat percentage (BFP) were measured.Body mass index(BMI) and waist to hip ratio were calculated as well.Daily intake of total calorie,three major nutrients,micronutrients and the proportion of meals were investigated by the 24 hour meal review method of 3 days in children,and the dietary structure and nutrient intake were analyzed by Nutrition Data System (Huicheng,Shanghai). Results Compared with the control group,the total calories,the intake of protein,fat,carbohydrate,the proportion of calorific energy supplied by fat and protein,the intake of thiamine and vitamin A sodium,zinc,iron and calcium in the obese group were significantly higher than those in control group(all P<0.01).However,the proportion of calorific energy supplied by carbohydrate was significantly lower in obese group compared with the control group(P<0.01). Conclusions There is intake imbalance of three major nutrient and mineral in dietary structure of obese children.Sustained excess nutrition intake can lead to childhood obesity.When adjusting the dietary structure of obese children,it is vital to pay more attention to the proportion of minerals and vitamin intake.

Key words: obese children, dietary structure, nutrient elements, minerals

摘要： 目的 分析肥胖儿童与正常儿童饮食结构及营养素摄入的差异,为肥胖干预提供科学依据。方法 以2016年6月—2017年6月至西安交通大学第二附属医院儿科内分泌门诊就诊的70名7～14岁单纯性肥胖患儿及70名体重正常儿童分别作为肥胖组及对照组,测量所有儿童身高、体重、腰围、臀围、血压和体脂,并计算体重指数(BMI)及腰臀比。对所有儿童采用3日24小时回顾法调查儿童每日摄入的总热量、三大营养物质的量、微量营养素及三餐比例等情况,并采用上海惠诚有限公司的膳食营养分析软件对儿童膳食结构及营养素摄入情况分析。结果 肥胖组与对照组相比,总热量及蛋白质、脂肪及碳水化合物、脂肪及蛋白质供能比、硫胺素和维生素A、钠、锌、铁、钙的摄入量显著升高,差异均有统计学意义(P均<0.01);但碳水化合物的供能比显著降低,差异有统计学意义(P＜0.01)。结论 肥胖儿童存在三大营养素及矿物质摄入比例失衡,长期营养摄入过量可导致肥胖,调整肥胖患儿的膳食结构时,需注意矿物质及维生素摄入比例。

关键词: 肥胖儿童, 膳食结构, 营养素, 矿物质