Abstract: Objective To explore the influence of school-age children's nutrition and exercise quality on their physical development. Methods A total of 4 032 primary school students were selected into this study by random stratified sampling method in September 2020. Their height, body quality, exercise quality (50m running time, grip strength, standing long jump, stereo forward flexion) were measured, and nutrition intake was assessed, the detection rates of obesity, overweight and malnutrition were analyzed in different nutrition level and sports quality. Results The detection rates of overweight, obesity and low body weight were 12.28%, 7.74%, and 9.42%, respectively, which were 13.01%, 8.50% and 9.47% in boys and 11.51%, 6.95% and 9.38% in girls. Among all the students, the detection rates of overweight and obesity among students with outstanding exercise quality were significantly lower than those in students with poor exercise quality (χ²=216.790, 219.578, 107.187, 102.776, P<0.05). There was no significant difference in the detection rate of malnutrition between students with excellent exercise quality and poor exercise quality (P>0.05). Among all the students, compared with the detection rates of overweight and obesity in students with overnutrition were significantly higher than those in students with inadequate nutrition and balanced nutrition (χ²=727.945, 918.773, P<0.05). The detection rate of low body weight in students with malnutrition was significantly lower than that in students with overnutrition and balanced nutrition (χ²=869.875, 933.032, P<0.05). Conclusion Adequate nutrition intake and high exercise quality can reduce the occurrence of obesity, overweight and malnutrition in school-age children, and maintaining a balanced nutrition and persistent exercise can have a positive significance to the physical development and health of school-age children.

Key words: school-age children, nutrition, exercise quality, physique, development

摘要： 目的 探讨南阳市学龄期儿童营养及运动素质状况对其体格发育的影响,以期为超重、肥胖儿童的防治提供依据。方法 随机分层整群抽取2020年9月该地区各小学学龄期入学学生4 032名,分别测量身高、体重、运动素质(50m跑用时、握力、立定跳远、立体前屈),调查其营养摄入情况,记录统计不同营养水平和运动素质状况中肥胖、超重、营养不良检出率。结果 超重、肥胖、低体重的检出率分别为12.28%、7.74%、9.42%,其中男生为13.01%、8.50%、9.47%,女生为11.51%、6.95%、9.38%;所有学生中,运动素质优秀学生的超重、肥胖检出率与运动素质不及格学生比较,明显较低(χ²=216.790、219.578、107.187、102.776,P<0.05);运动素质优秀与不及格学生中营养不良检出率差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);所有学生中,营养过剩学生的超重、肥胖检出率高于营养不足、营养均衡学生,差异有统计学意义(χ²=727.945、918.773,P<0.05);营养不足学生的低体质量检出率高于营养过剩、营养均衡学生,差异有统计学意义(χ²=869.875、933.032,P<0.05)。结论 适量的营养摄入、运动素质优秀能减少学龄期儿童肥胖、超重、营养不良的发生,保持营养均衡和坚持锻炼身体对学龄期儿童的体格发育、身体健康有积极的意义。

关键词: 学龄期儿童, 营养, 运动素质, 体格, 发育