Table of Content

10 October 2014, Volume 22 Issue 10

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Orignal Article

Assessment of bisphenol A exposure and influencing factors among two-year-old children living in a county of Jiangsu province

LV Shen-liang,WU Chun-hua,LIU Ping,ZHANG Ji-ming,CHANG Xiu-li,ZHOU Zhi-jun

2014, 22(10):  1014-1017. 

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Objective To evaluate levels of urinary bisphenol A,daily intake and its influencing factors among two-year-old children. Methods Questionnaires and spot urine samples were collected from 365 children living in a county of Jiangsu province.Urinary BPA concentration was determined,daily intake was calculated and the influencing factors were identified. Results The detection rate of urinary BPA was 72.05%.The detectable range was 0.20~106.38 μg/L.The median value and the median value of BPA concentration with creatinine correction were 0.95 μg/L and 2.96 μg/g,respectively.The calculated maximum value of BPA daily intake was 4.596 μg/kg bw/24 h and was lower than the tolerable daily intake(TDI)in Europe.Statistical analysis indicated that the BPA concentrations were similar between female and male children.The locations of residence had statistically significant effects on concentrations (P<0.05). Conclusion The findings suggests that the two-year-old children are widely exposed to BPA in the studied county and the calculated daily intakes are lower than TDI in Europe.

Construction of a recombinant lentiviral vector carrying miR-1908 and validation of its transduction efficiency in human pre-adipocytes

YANG Lei,JI Chen-bo,SHI Chun-mei,CHEN Ling,PANG Ling-xia,XIA Li,GUO Xi-rong,NI Yu-hui

2014, 22(10):  1018-1021. 

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Objective To construct a recombinant lentiviral vector carrying miR-1908 and validate its infection efficiency in human pre-adipocytes. Methods The minigene fragments of miR-1908 was amplified from genomic DNA of human pre-adipocytes by PCR,then cloned into a lentivirus expression vector.After sequencing validated exactly,the expression plasmid and packaging plasmids were co-transfected into HEK-293T cells to produce lentivirus;The supernatant containing lentiviral particles was used to infect human pre-adipocytes,and its infection efficiency and miR-1908 overexpression level were respectively tested by fluorescent observation and real-time quantitative PCR. Results miR-1908 lentiviral vector was constructed successfully,and infection efficiency in human pre-adipocytes reached over 70%,the expression level increased nearly two folds in infected cells. Conclusion It has been successfully constructed that the lentiviral vector containing miR-1908 with high overexpression in infected human pre-adipocytes,which will be useful to the future studying the function of miR-1908 in human pre-adipocytes

Resistin content of umbilical artery blood in infants with diabetic mothers and its relationships with adiponectin and leptin

CHEN Bao-chang,DAI Lan-fen,REN Chang-jun,ZHANG Jing,WANG Na

2014, 22(10):  1022-1024. 

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Objective To detect the levels of resistin,adiponectin and leptin in the umbilical artery plasma of infants born to mothers with gestational diabetes,and preliminarily to study the factors of affecting fetal growth and development. Methods Thirty-three babies born to diabetic mothers were clinically selected as study group,another 30 normal full-term newborn as control group.Resistin,adiponectin and leptin levels in cord serum were measured for all of the subjects by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay.The indicators of growth and development in study group were accurately measured.The results were analyzed by using SPSS16.0 software. Results Resistin and adiponectin content of cord serum in study group was lower than in the control group,the difference was statistically significant (P<0.001).Leptin level was higher than the control goup(P<0.001).Resistin content was negatively correlated with wegiht,ponderal Index and leptin (r=-0.673,-0.563,-0.412,P＜0.05),and positively correlated with adiponectin content (r=0.397,P=0.003). Conclusions There might be some relationship between resistin with adiponectin,leptin in umbilical artery plasma of infants with diabetic mothers,and resistin may be related to the regulation of fetal growth and development.

Study on association between premature and environmental factors

SONG Ye,YUE Xi-tong

2014, 22(10):  1025-1027. 

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Objective To study the environmental risk factors of preterm infants,so as to offer basis for making effective preventive and control measures. Methods A 1∶1 match case-control method was used to choose 93 preterm birth cases and 93 control cases,an epidemiological investigation was carried out about life and work and psychological environmental risk factors of preterm birth,and at the same time,univariate and multivariate conditional Logistic regression model were used to screen risk factors. Results The results of univariate and multivariate conditional Logistic regression analysis showed that emotional tension,interior decoration,passive smoking,the air pollution around housing,interpersonal relation tension and cooking fumes might be the risk factors of preterm delivery. Conclusion Prenatal care should be taken targeting to risk factors of premature delivery to improve outcome of premature delivery.

Study on the norms of Developmental Eye Movement test for preschool children in Nanjing city

LI Ting-ting,ZHANG Min,XIE Ya-chun,ZHANG Xin,TONG Mei-ling,YANG Lei,HU Ji-mei,LI Meng-qiao,ZHANG Yong-hong,WANG Ping,CHI Xia

2014, 22(10):  1028-1030. 

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Objective To establish norms for the Developmental Eye Movement test for Nanjing preschool children. Method A survey with stratified random sampling was performed in 8 kindergartens of Nanjing city,a total of 375 children aged 5~6 years old were tested using the Development Eye Movement test from. Results 1)The sample of norm was representative: sampling method,the sample quantity,the basic characteristics of the sample and data collection methods were according to the standards for norm,and thus possibly represent the general preschool children in Nanjing;2)No significant difference was found in scores of Developmental Eye Movement test between boys and girls in each age group;3)The vertical scores,the horizontal scores,the aspect ratio of the time,and the total number of errors were significantly correlated with age,these scores decreased with age in this study.4)This test had good construct validity and test-retest reliability. Conclusion In line with the normal development of the eye of the law and the norms of the Developmental Eye Movement test proposed for 5~6 year-old children in Nanjing.

Mutations of GJB2,SLC26A4,and mitochondrial DNA 12S rRNA in Children with non-syndromic hearing loss in Hubei Province of China

DAI Xiang,LI Jun,HU Yan-nan,TONG Jing,CAO Jiang-xia,LIU Li-ping

2014, 22(10):  1031-1035. 

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Objective To examine the mutation frequencies of deafness genes GJB2,SLC26A4,and mitochondrial DNA(mtDNA) 12S rRNA in children associated with non-syndromic hearing loss,and to expand data base of mutation in Chinese,for development of optimal genetic screening services for hearing impairment. Methods Blood samples and clinical data of 220 sporadic cases with non-syndromic hearing loss and 150 normal controls were collected.The GJB2,SLC26A4,and mtDNA 12S rRNA gene of the patients and normal controls were amplified by polymerase chain reaction(PCR),then subjected to automatic DNA sequencing. Results Analysis revealed that 146(66.36%) and 35(15.91%) of 220 patients with hearing loss carried at least 1 mutant allele in GJB2 and SLC26A4 respectively,and 3(1.36%) patients carried mtDNA A1555G mutations.Overall 36 mutations were detected in this cohort of patients,including 2 novel mutations in GJB2 and 1 novel mutation in SLC26A4 respectively.GJB2 gene c.235delC(19.32%)and SLC26A4 gene IVS7-2A>G(9.09%) were the most common pathogenic mutation.3(2%) of 150 normal control carried pathogenic mutations in GJB2 gene. Conclusion This research demonstrated that a high prevalence of GJB2,SLC26A4,and mtDNA A1555G mutations in Chinese children with non-syndromic hearing loss,and expanded data base of common gene of deafness,and discovered 3 novel mutations,which provided basic information for the molecular diagnosis and gene screening of deafness.

Analysis of the relationship between lung function and the indexes of growth among pupils aged 10~12 years old in Shenyang

FU Wen-hua,QI Hong-ye,PANG Ya-nan,TANG Ning,DAO Zheng-zhi,SUN Bai-jun

2014, 22(10):  1036-1037. 

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Objective To analyze the changes in pulmonary function trends of five and six grade primary school health pupils and explore the influencing factors of pulmonary function in school-age children in Shenyang,for provide scientific basis. Methods A total of 231 upper grades students in a primary school in Shenyang by cluster sampling were investigated by questionnaire.Pulmonary function (PEF,FEV1) and the physical growth indexes were observed.Stepwise multiple regressions were applied to build the predicated equations of pulmonary function. Results FEV1,weight,waistline,arm circumference were higher in boys than that in girls.PEF,FEV1 increased with the increase of the age.PEF,FEV1 were positive correlated with weight,height,sitting height,arm circumference,chest circumference and waistline(P<0.01).By stepwise multiple regressions PEF,FEV1 were closely related with height,sitting height,weight and arm circumference in boys; PEF,FEV1 were closely related with sitting height and chest circumference in girls(P<0.05). Conclusions PEF,FEV1 are closely related with height,sitting height,weight,arm circumference and chest circumference.Between different genders,influencing factors of pulmonary function are significantly different.

Effect of early classification and comprehensive intervention on children under 1 - year-old with cerebral palsy risks in Nantong

HUANG Jia,LIU Wen-bing

2014, 22(10):  1038-1041. 

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Objective To explore the effects of early classification,assessment and comprehensively treatment of cerebral palsy (CP) high-risk infants,and to provide scientific and effective evidences for reducing the local incidence of CP and the dysfunction degree of disabled children. Methods The referral system of Nantong was used to screen CP high-risk infants from newborns in Nantong between January 1^st,2011 and December 31^st,2011.Neuro exams and early classification were conducted among them according to PDMS-2 scale.CP high-risk infants with neurological abnormal and the total motor quotient ( TMQ )<80 were divided into two groups after approval from parents:conventional group and early intervention group.Early education and comprehensive intervention were given to each child and regular evaluations were made after 3,6,9 months and 12 months. Results Among all of the high-risk infants,7 cases were eventually confirmed CP,the incidence was 3.4‰,which was far less than national CP incidence of 7.8‰ and local incidence of 8.1‰ in Nantong area.The incidence of CP in early intervention group was significantly lower than that in conventional group (P<0.05 ).Many factors influenced the effects of early comprehensive intervention for CP high-risk infants.Among them,low birth weight and hyperbilirubinemia were the most important (P<0.05 ). Conclusions Early classification and comprehensive intervention of children with CP risks can help reduce the incidence of cerebral palsy.

Effect of antenatal taurine supplementation on PirB expression in brain of fetal rat with intrauterine growth restricition

LU Zu-lin,LI Fang,LIU Jing,ZHAO Li-fang,LI Shi-zhi

2014, 22(10):  1042-1046. 

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Objective To explore the expression of paired immuonglobin-like receptor B(PirB) in fetal rat brain tissue with intrauterine growth restriction (IUGR) and the influence of antenatal taurine on its expression. Methods Eighteen pregnant rats were randomly divided into 3 groups:normal control group,IUGR models group(IUGR group) and the IUGR +antenatal taurine supplement group(taurine group)(n=6.IUGR models were induced by low protein diet throughout gestation period.Three fetal rats were randomly selected from each nest and were sacrificed to obtain the brains.The PirB positive cell counts were detected by immunohistochemistry,the PirB protein contents were deteceted by Western Blot and the level of mRNA expressions of PirB gene were detected by Real time-PCR. Results Control group,IUGR group,taurine group:1)The PirB positive cell counts in the three groups were respectively 18.40±1.52,66.17±3.66,21.17±2.71; 2)The PirB protein semi-quantitative analysis results respectively 0.05,0.31,0.09; 3)The level of PirB mRNA 2-ΔΔCT numerical respectively 1(0.87,1.15),0.08(0.06,0.11),1.22(0.97,1.55).Compared control group and taurine group with IUGR group,PirB positive cell counts were lower than that of IUGR group,PirB mRNA and protein expression were lower than that of IUGR group.The differences of comparing IUGR group with taurine group were statistically significant(P<0.05). Conclusion The results of this study show that the expression of PirB in fetal rat brain tissues is higher in IUGR groups than that in controls while antenatal taurine can significantly decrease its expression,which suggests that antenatal taurine may play a protecting role by inhibiting the expression of PirB in fetal brain tissues.

Effect of erythropoietin on the expression of glial fibrillary acidic protein and S-100β induced brain injury in premature newborn rats intrauterine infection

SHANG Yun,MA Hui-min,GUO Xi-xia,SHI Ji-peng,WEN Zheng-fang,TANG Cheng-he,LI Shu-jun

2014, 22(10):  1047-1050. 

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Objective To investigate the effects of recombinant erythropoietin(rhEPO) on expression of glial fibrillary acidic protein (EFAP) and S-100β in premature rat with intrauterine infection. Methods A total of 45 gestation 18 day pregnant rats were randomly divided into three groups,control group,received an intraperitoneal injection of normal saline,infection groups and intervention group were intraperitoneal injected with 0.45 mg/(kg·d) LPS continuting 2 days and the new rats in the intervention group were intraperitoneal injected with 5 000 U/(kg·d) rhEPO,continuting 3 days.Twenty-four hours after injection,part pregnant rats of each group were sacrificed.The pathological change of the placenta after HE staining was observed under light microscope.The glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) and S-100β of the new 6 days rats' brains were examined by immunohistochemistry and enzyme linked immunosorbent assay(ELISA). Results Obvious pathological changes were observed in the placenta in the infection group and the intervention group.The GFAP on postnatal were 115.27±3.651 in control group,105.68±3.189 in infection group and 113.92±3.967 in intervention group and S-100β were (0.32±0.05 in control group 10.63±0.04 in infection group and 0.33±0.06 in intervention group.The GFAP and S-100β of infection group were significantly higher than those of control and intervention groups. Conclusions Intrauterine infection can increase the expression of GFAP and S-100βin the premature rats' cerebrum tisssue,rhEPO can decrease the expression of GFAP and S-100βand protect nervous system in neonatal rats with intrauterine infection made by LPS injection through abdominal cavity.

Effects of umbilical cord blood monocytes transplantation in neonatal rats with White Matter Damage

WANG Fang,WANG Xiao-li,FAN Meng-meng,LIU Pei-li,LIU Chang-yun,ZHAO Yan-song

2014, 22(10):  1051-1054. 

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Objective To explore the effects of umbilical cord blood monocytes (UCBMC) transplantation on oligodendrocytes and MBP protein in White Matter Damage(WMD) neonatal rats. Methods Eighty three-day-old Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly divided into nomal control (CON),WMD,WMD+UCBMC and UCBMC groups.The WMD model was made by using the method of unilateral ischemia joint with hypoxia (five rats at each time point in each group),twenty-four hours after hypoxia ischemia,the rats of the CON and WMD groups were injected with 2 μL phosphate buffered saline (PBS ),and the UCBMC and WMD+UCBMC groups were injected with 3×10⁶UCBMC via the lateral ventricle.Oligodendrocytes and MBP protein in the corpus striatum of the injured brain were observed by CNPase⁺ Cleaved Caspase-3⁺ and MBP⁺DAPI⁺ immunofluorescence doule staining,and their correlation was analyzed. Results After transplantation 24 h,3 d and 7 d,there were more CNPase⁺ Cleaved Caspase-3⁺cells in WMD group than the CON,WMD,WMD+UCBMC and UCBMC groups (P<0.01),and began to increase in 24 h,reached the peak in 3 d,there decreased in 7 d,CNPase⁺ Cleaved Caspase-3⁺ cells of WMD⁺UCBMC group was significantly less than the WMD group (P<0.01).14 days after transplation,MBP⁺DAPI⁺ cells of the WMD group were significantly less than those of the CON and UCBMC control groups (P<0.01),MBP⁺DAPI⁺ cells of the WMD⁺UCBMC group were significantly higher than those in the WMD group,but still less than those of the CON group (P<0.01). Conclusions UCBMC transplantation via the lateral ventricle could reduce the oligodendrocytes alleviate,thus repair the white matter in neonatal rats after WMD.

Study of relationship between behavior problem of preschool children with phenylketonuria and the family environment and psychological condition of their mothers

DU Wei,ZHANG Li-qin,ZHAO Cai-hong,KUANG Gui-fang

2014, 22(10):  1068-1070. 

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Objective To analyse the relationship between behavior problem of children with phenylketonuria and the family environment and the psychological condition of their mothers,and to seek better treatment options. Methods A total of 32 children with phenylketonuria were detected by neonatal screening in Qingdao compared to 42 matched children.Family Environment Scale-Chinese Version(FES-CV),Symptom Check List-90(SCL-90) and Conners Parent Symptoms Questionnaire(PSQ) were used to investigate the related factors of the two groups. Results 1)In the comparison of PSQ,the scores of conduct problems,learning problems,impulse-hyperactivity and hyperactivity index in phenylketonuria children were higher than those of the control (P＜0.05).2)Correlation analysis showed that there were a negative correlations between behavior problems of phenylketonuria children and intimacy,achievement orientation,knowledge,entertainment,sense of organization as well as control factor of family.3)Psychosomatic disorder of phenylketonuria children was negative related to somatization of their mothers. Conclusions There are many behavior problems in preschool phenylketonuria children.Measures to improve the family environment and psychological intervention to phenylketonuria children and their mothers can help to promote the therapeutic effect of the phenylketonuria children.

Results analysis of the common deafness spredisposing genes testing for newborns failed the first hearing screening

YU Hong,YANG Jing-qun,LIU Dan,WU Zhi-qiang

2014, 22(10):  1071-1072. 

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Objective To investigat the clinic significance of universal newborn hearing screening combined with testing deafness predisposing genes. Method The spredisposing genes of GJB2,GJB3,12S rRNA,SLC26A4 including the 20 hot spot mutations for 622 newborns who did not pass the first hearing screening were detected by MALDI-TOF. Result Among the 622 subjects,48 cases were found with deafness gene mutations.The positive rate was 7.72%.32 cases of the positive ones were with GJB2 mutations,11 cases were with SLC26A4 mutations and 5 cases were with GJB3 mutations.The relevence ratios were 66.67%,22.91% and 10.42% respectively.The rate of GJB2 mutation was obviously higher than SLC26A4 and GJB3 mutation (χ²=25.767,P<0.01).And no 12S rRNA (1494C>T and 1555A>G) mutations were found.7 cases were diagnosed with hearing loss and 3 of them were GJB2 235delC homozygous mutation,GJB2 235delC heterozygous mutation and GJB3 538C→T heterozygous mutation respectively. Conclusions The newborns who did not pass the first hearing screening have high positive rate of deafness genes,they can be the target population for testing the deafness predisposing genes.The strategy combined deafness predisposing genes testing with the routine hearing screening can be helpful to find out the causes of hearing loss early,also can make the diagnosis and intervention earlier.

Analysis of the causes and trends of neonatal screening unqualified blood films in Hefei

HU Hai-li,FU Su-lin,SHAO Zi-yu,XU Jun-yang

2014, 22(10):  1073-1076. 

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Objective To analyse the causes and distribution and trends of neonatal screening unqualified blood films in Hefei and to improve the quality of future neonatal screening. Method The unqualified blood films of medical institutions were sorted and counted by year and hospital type. Results From 2009 to 2013,the rate of unqualified blood films was 0.68%,it decreased overall,the highest rate of unqualified blood films was from 2009 to 2010 (1.46%),the lowest was from 2012 to 2013(0.21%).The first cause of unqualified blood films was that the blood film could not be eluted or infiltrated.From the hospital type distribution,the rate and propotion of unqualified blood films from rural township hospital was the highest.The rate of unqualified blood films recalled appeared rising trend overall. Condusions The main causes of the unqualified blood films in Hefei are that the blood does not permeate the film,the blood film could not be eluted or infiltrated and it is polluted,the area size of blood spot is less than 5 millimeter.The distribution of the unqualified blood films does exists difference between hospital categories.The quality of neonatal screening progressed year by year in Hefei.It is need to strengthen training and supervising to midwifery institutions,especially the rural township hospital.

Investigation and analyses of fall injuries in school-aged children in rural,Zunyi

QI Yong-hong,LIU Dan,DENG Yan,LI Yuan,CAO Bo-ling,SHI Xiu-quan

2014, 22(10):  1077-1079. 

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Objective To investigate the incidence and explore the risk factors of fall injuries in school-aged children in Zunyi,and to provide a scientific evidence for the prevention and controlling of children's injuries. Methods Using a stratified sampling method,a total of 2 854 rural children (1 437 boys and 1 417 girls) were recruited.Fall injury-related items were collected using a structured questionnaire in a class interview. Results The fall incidence was 6.2% (n=178) with a proportion 37.3% of overall injuries.Moreover,there was a significant difference between different age.The main locations of falls were at homes (37.1%) and schools (29.2%); the top cause of fall injuries was entertainment (41.6%);And the first injury part of body was limbs (72.4%).The cognition rate about falls prevention was 79.0%. Conclusions The incidence of fall injuries of school-aged children in rural Zunyi accounts for the highest proportion of overall injuries,moreover,it relates to lack of injury-prevention knowledge.The results suggest that efforts should be taken to create a safe environment to prevent children from fall injuries in the whole society.

Epidemiological investigation of deciduous dental caries among Hui and Han preschool children in Ningxia

YU Ying-fan,MA Min,LI Yan-qing,LIU Ying

2014, 22(10):  1080-1082. 

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Objective To recognize the status of dental caries and filling treatment of deciduous teeth among Hui and Han preschool children in Ningxia. Methods Making oral health examination for 2 592 Hui and Han preschool children aged 3 to 5 years old in six counties (cities,districts) of Ningxia.The common caries indexes of deciduous teeth were classified statistical by the local GDP level,urban and rural,age,gender,ethnic and so on. Results 1)The prevalence of dental caries and the mean dmft score were 57.41% and 2.51.According to GDP from high to low between the three regions,the prevalence of dental caries had no significant difference,while the mean dmft of Guyuan city were lower than those of Yinchuan and Wuzhong,the difference was statistically significant (t=2.239 and 3.457,P<0.05).2)Along with the growth of the age,the prevalence of dental caries increased gradually,the mean dmft with significant difference between the three years old and four years old(t=-2.837,P<0.05), but no significant difference between the four years old and five years old(t=-1.700,P>0.05).3)Hui and Han preschool children had no significant differences in the prevalence of dental caries and the mean dmft (χ²=2.045,t=1.508,P>0.05).4)The filling rate is relatively low,but the urban was higher than the rural,the difference was statistically significant (χ²=86.016,P<0.05). Conclusions Dental caries of deciduous teeth among preschool children is early in Ningxia,the filling rate was very low,there are no significant different in Hui and Han,so oral health education and preventive intervention should be strengthened.

Survey of respiratory health status among children under 3 years old in a city area of Shanghai

NIU Chun-jin,WU Jin-gui,ZHANG Ze-shen,LU Jia-ni,DAI Heng-wei,JIN Bei,SHI Hui-jing

2014, 22(10):  1083-1085. 

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Objective To understand the respiratory health status among children under 3 years old in a city area of Shanghai and to provide the theoretical basis to promote children's respiratory health. Methods A total of 6 community health service centers were selected by stratified cluster sampling method.All the children under 3 years old came to child health outpatients in half a year were involved in this survey.Respiratory symptoms,the prevalence of diseases among 1 266 children were investigated by using revised international standardized questionnaire ATS-DLD-78-C. Results The report rate of persistent cough,persistent phlegm,wheeze,asthma and bronchitis was 2.2%,1.3%,19.1%,8.2%,17.6%,respectively.The report rate of wheeze of the male was higher than that of the female (P<0.01).The highest report rate of persistent cough,persistent phlegm,asthma and bronchitis was in the group of 3~years old (P<0.01).The report rate of asthma and bronchitis of the children lived in the internal residential area was higher than that of the ones in the external area(P<0.01). Conclusions The report rates of respiratory symptoms and diseases are different in gender,age and residential area.

Investigation of the asthma morbidity rate and risk factors of the children with bronchiolitis in Cangzhou rural area

ZUO Yan-fang,WANG Rong,YANG Xiu-ping,LI Li-li,HE Jun,ZHANG Li,ZHANG Jing,WANG Xin-biao,GUO Yan-xia,AN Shu-hua

2014, 22(10):  1086-1088. 

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Objective To investigate the relative risk factors of the morbidity rate of asthma in children with bronchiolitis in rural areas,and to provide clinical reference for the prevention and treatment of asthma. Methods A total of 575 cases of children with bronchiolitis were selected from January 2005 to May 2008 in Cangzhou rural areas.The investigation included 29 factors.Then,the sicked children were carried out the clinical examination and questionnaire survey from May 2011 to October 2013.A total of 300 cases completed the investigation and divided into asthma group and non-asthma group,the asthma morbidity rate and risk factors were analyzed by SPSS16.0 statistical software.The selected factors (P<0.05) were screened by logistic regression analysis. Results Among 300 cases of bronchiolitis children,the morbidity rate was 26.33%.Risk factors for asthma were screened and ranked as follows:recurrently lower respiratory tract infection(LRTI) (X10) (OR=65.562;95%CI:21.604~198.963);Allergic rhinitis history of the first or second degree relatives (X6) (OR=8.161;95%CI:2.735~24.350),eczema (X3)(OR=5.538;95%CI:2.322~13.208),personal history of allergy (X4) (OR=3.458;95%CI:1.529~7.823),asthma history of the first or second degree relatives (X5)(OR=3.204;95%CI:1.330~7.721). Conclusion Recurrently LRTI is a strong predictor of asthma,allergic rhinitis history of the first or second degree relatives,eczema,personal history of allergy and asthma history of the first or second degree relatives are the risk factors of onset of asthma of children with bronchiolitis in rural area.

Study on feasibility of community-based infant eye screening method in Pudong district in Shanghai

ZHANG Li-shan,JIN Xing-ming,DUAN Ya-li,ZHANG Jin-ming,WANG Hong

2014, 22(10):  1089-1091. 

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Objective To establish a community-based infant eye screening method in Pudong district in Shanghai,and to discuss the feasibility of the promotion of the infant eye screening method. Methods According to the guidelines recommended by AAP,AAPOS and AAO,"Infant Eye Screening Method" was prepared which consisted of external examination,ocular motility,red reflex examination and so on.All infants born in Pudong district accepted eye screening at 4 months,6 months and 9 months old.The suspected infants were referred. Results A total of 6 729 infants were recruited and after referral,17 infants were diagnosed as stenosis of lacrimal passage,congenital cataract,congenital microphthalmia and so on.The average time of finishing eye screening for one infant was 5.90 minutes.83.3% primary care pediatricians thought eye screening was necessary,and 93.3% thought the screening method was perfect. Conclusions According to this study,community-based "Infant Eye Screening Method" is established which was practical and easy to perform.Through the method proposed here,the ocular conditions which might result in blindness could be identified so that clinical intervention could be carried out in early age.The eye screening method with economic and sociological significance should be prompt in communities.

Investigation and related factors analysis of breast feeding of infants under 6 months in Lishui

LIU Li-fang,HU Jin-ying,JIN Hai-ju,LEI Jun

2014, 22(10):  1092-1093. 

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Objective To improve breast feeding based on related factors of breast feeding infants under 6 months. Methods Investigating infants under 6 months from Children Health Care Center with self-made questionnaire and analyzing babies' feeding,breast-feeding and the effect analysis of relevant factors. Results The investigation of 675 infants,breast feeding was 40.89%,partial breast feeding for 39.11%,for the 20% formula fed infants of different ages; feeding patterns were different; mother's education level,family monthly income,the mother had no obstetric complications,mode of delivery,newborn infants in neonatal intensive care unit,whether in early milk,whether or not to accept the health education and the related factors affecting breast feeding.Breast feeding can reduce the incidence of obesity. Conclusion To strengthen health education,early to open milk,reduce the cesarean section rate,good environment and family atmosphere,in the neonatal illness hospitalization maintain lactation are good measures improving breast-feeding rate.

Level and trend of injury mortality among children aged 1~14 in China,2002-2011

LIU Wei,JIA Shi-jie

2014, 22(10):  1095-1097. 

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Objective To analyze the major causes of deaths and trends of mortality from injury among children aged 1~14 years old in China,and to provide scientific evidence for developing more targeted interventions. Method The data about death causes among inhabitants published in Chinese Health Statistics Yearbook from 2003 to 2012 were used to analyze. Results The total standardized injury mortality among children aged 1~14 from 2002 to 2011 in China was between 13.97/10⁵ to 23.24/10⁵ and descended year by year.Drowning and traffic accident had always been the major causes of deaths,and accounted for more than 70% of injury deaths over the years.The total standardized injury mortality of the children in rural areas was 1.7 times the urban areas children,and the rate of traffic accident was on the rise in rural areas; The total standardized injury mortality and drowning among children aged 1~4 years old were significantly higher than those among children aged 5～9 years old and 10～14 years old; Boys total standardized injury mortality was 1.8 times higher than the girls,and drowning rate was 2.0 times higher than the girls. Conclusions The injury mortality of children aged 1~14 years old in China descends year by year,drowning and traffic accident are the major causes of deaths; Traffic accident shows rise trend in rural areas;The children injury mortality is higher in rural areas than that in urban areas,and it is higher in boys than that in girls,also it is higher among children aged 1~4 years old than those among children aged 5～9 years old and 10～14 years old.

Dietary and nutritional status of primary and middle-school students in Yulin area of Shaanxi

LI Wei-min,ZHANG Tian-xiang,LI Hai-long,WANG Kai,SONG Ye,XIAN Yao,HU Wan-ping

2014, 22(10):  1098-1100. 

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Objective To investigate the nutrition characteristics of primary and middle school students in Yulin region of Shaanxi Province,and provide evidence for nutrition and health education of this area. Methods In Jan.2011,765 of primary and middle school students in Yulin area of Shaanxi were accessed through 24 hours recall and asking one by one,food type and quantity of 3 days were recorded. Results The intake of grain food were 92% of RNI,and the intake of meat and eggs were severely deficient,less than 5% of RNI; the intake of protein of students was base line of RNI.Furthermore,protein mainly came from plant food such as grain,rarely from animal food. Conclusion Some measures should be taken such as to improve the dietary pattern of students in Yulin area,increase the intake of animal food such as meat,eggs and milk etc.,and promote healthy development of students.

Analysis of the causes and intervention strategy of neonatal death in Zhongshan city from 2003 to 2012

GAO Jian-hui,LIU Yu-shao,CHEN Xi-lian,ZENG Guan,CHEN Ang

2014, 22(10):  1101-1102. 

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Objective To explore the causes of neonatal death in Zhongshan city from 2003 to 2012,and to provide a basis for further reducing neonatal mortality rate in Zhongshan city. Method Relevant data of death form obstetrics quality report and neonatal death registration in Zhongshan city from 2003 to 2012 were analyzed retrospectively. Results 1) A total of 1 463 neonates died from 2003 to 2012 in Zhongshan City,mortality was 3.22‰,the early neonatal death was 669 cases,mortality was 1.47‰; Early neonatal death was 45.73% of neonatal death.2)The top three death causes were:asphyxia in 295 cases(20.16%),premature and low birth weight in 293 cases (20%),congenital abnormality in 194 cases (13.26%),including congenital heart disease in 88 cases (6.02%).3)The incidence of premature was 4.10% and of asphyxia was 1.77% in recent ten years of Zhongshan city.Compared before and after 5 years:the neonatal mortality rate in Zhongshan City dropped from 4.04‰ to 2.41‰; The incidence of premature increased from 3.66% to 4.34%,premature mortality declined from 0.77‰ to 0.50‰; Birth asphyxia rate dropped from 2.34% to 1.42%,asphyxia mortality dropped from 0.91‰ to 0.42‰; Birth defect mortality dropped from 0.56‰ to 0.30‰.4) The 43 infants (12.13%) with "severe asphyxia" in perinatal deaths of Zhongshan city from 2007 to 2011 were case reviewed,including 34 cases with amniotic fluid pollution (62.79%). Conclusions To establish the health administrative departments as the leading mechanism,maternal and child health care system,medical management,clinical departments should cooperate closely to improve prenatal,intrapartum maternal and child care measures,strengthen the local perinatal workers skills training,focus on the control of early neonatal death,which can effectively reduce the neonatal mortality.

Study on the treatment outcome and its related factors of children with congenital hypothyroidism

SU Zhao,LIN Wei-hua

2014, 22(10):  1103-1105. 

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Objective To analyse the related factors of influence to children with congenital hypothyroidism (CH) after treatment outcome,and to provide the basis for judging treatment outcome. Methods By grouping comparison,in the statistical chi-square analysis,to retrospectively analyse and summarize the possible related factors of 424 cases of children with CH after standard treatment.To analyse the related factors of influence to children with CH after treatment outcome using Logistic multivariate regression analysis. Results There were statistically significant differences between the two groups of the abnormal thyroid after color Doppler ultrasound checked (suggest thyroid dysplasia)(P<0.01),no significant differences was found among gender groups,the groups whether concurrent hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy (HIE),the high blood bilirubin groups,and the groups of thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) outliers when confirmed,the differences between the corresponding two groups were not statistically significant (P>0.05). Conclusion It is found that the treatment outcome for children with CH should be concerned with thyroid dysplasia at birth,and shouldn't be concerned with gender,HIE,high blood bilirubin at birth and the outliers of TSH when confirmed.Color Doppler ultrasound checked for thyroid at born can help to predict the outcome after treatment.

Investigation and clinical treatment of children with injure of dog biting in the rural community

WANG Xin-hua,ZHUGE Yi

2014, 22(10):  1106-1108. 

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Objective To investigate clinical characteristic and discuss the clinical treatment of children with wound of dog biting in the rural community for improving the level of prevention of zoonosis in rural community. Methods The data of those cases of children with wound of dog biting in the Yinkeng community hygiene service centre between January 2010 and December 2012 were gathered statistics and analyzed.Clinical characteristic and efficiency of clinical emergency treatment of children with injure of dog biting were investigated.The comparison between the rates of group data was done with the chi-square test. Results A total of 470 cases of children with injure of dog biting in Yinkeng rural community were cured successfully and those children had health condition without rabies and tetanus after follow-up between January 2010 and December 2012.There were 338 cases of young patients with injure of dog biting in summer and autumn and 132 cases of young patients in winter and spring among those patients (χ²=218.0,P＜0.01). Conclusions Children with injure of dog biting is one of the important reasons children seriously hurt accident.To deal with wounds of dog biting in children promptly,vaccination,health education and to strengthen the management of dogs in rural community play an important role to prevent zoonosis in rural community.

Serum levels and clinical significance of myeloperoxidase,neutrophils and monocyte chemoattractant protein-4 in children with asthma

WU Shao-xia,SHEN Guang-li,WANG Hong,LI Yan-yan,ZHENG Zhao-yan,WANG Ning

2014, 22(10):  1111-1113. 

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Objective To investigate the levels of myeloperoxidase(MPO),neutrophils (PMN) and monocyte chemoattractant protein-4 (MCP-4) in serum of children with bronchial asthma,and to explore the clinical significance. Method The serum levels of MPO,PMN and MCP-4 in 67 cases of bronchial asthma children (asthma group) and 30 healthy children (control group) were measured and compared by using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELSA). Results 1) The serum level of MPO [(878.43±18.77) U/L ]in acute exacerbation of bronchial asthma was higher than that in the remission group[ (678.62±33.36) U/L ]and healthy controls [(703.17±18.26) U/L ](P<0.05).2)The serum level of MCP-4 in the acute attack of bronchial asthma children [(117.34±18.77) pg/mL] was higher than that in the remission group (55.67±6.13pg/ml) and healthy control group [(33.74±2.98) pg/mL](P<0.05).3) The absolute value of PMN in acute attack of bronchial asthma [(10.31±1.98)×10⁹/L] was higher than that in the remission group [(4.63±1.51)×10⁹/L] and healthy control group [(4.82±1.51)×10⁹/L] (P<0.05).The elevated levels of MPO,PMN and MCP-4 were related to the severity of the disease,and there was a positive correlation between the two(r=0.976,0.989;all P<0.01). Conclusions MPO,PMN and MCP-4 play an important role in bronchial asthma,and is related to airway inflammation.Serum MPO,PMN and MCP-4 can be used as a biochemical indexes of bronchial asthma.The remission of asthma are chronic inflammatory reaction.

Study on clinical efficacy of early development in high-risk infants by combination of education with medical treatment

LIU Xing-lian,XU Hai-qing,DAI Qiong

2014, 22(10):  1114-1117. 

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Objective To explore a better way of early intervention on high-risk infants by combination of education with medical treatment. Methods One month old infants with high risk who were followed-up in out-patient clinic from June 2010 to January 2011 were enrolled in the research.Education with medical treatment group (140 cases),medical treatment group (142 cases),health control group (125 cases).Children's mental development and psychomotor development in three groups were evaluated in 6,12 and 24 months old.Children's emotional sociality in three groups were evaluated in 24 months old. Results Mental development index (MDI) in the education with medical treatment group were dramatically improved than those of in the medical treatment group in different ages(P<0.05);Psychomotor development index (PDI) in the education with medical treatment group were dramatically improved than those of in the medical treatment group in 6 and 12 months old(P<0.05);No different of MDI and PDI between in the education with medical treatment group and in the health control group.The positive ratio of four dimensions of toddler emotion in the education with medical treatment group were dramatically reduced than those of in the medical treatment group in 24 months (P＜0.01).No different of the positive ratio of extroversion region,introversion region and imbalance region between the education with medical treatment group and the health control group (P＞0.05).But the positive ratio of ability region was dramatically reduced than that of in the health control group (P＜0.05). Conclusion Comparison with simple medical treatment,partten of early intervention of education with medical treatment can promote mental development,social-association ability and good emotion development of high-risk infants to a great extent.

Effects of appraisal of the third-party on children health care service

LIAO Zi-jun,CHEN Fei

2014, 22(10):  1118-1130. 

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Objective To evaluate the intervention effects of appraisal of the third-party on children health care service. Methods It was compare that the urban and rural coverage rate of maternal health care service and degree of satisfaction in 2012 and 2013 by continuous regional assessment.The assessment was accomplished by a third party institution. Results This ratio had witnessed a high increase with the newborn visit,children medical and free vaccination.Among them,this ratio of free vaccination was statistically significant.On the other,it had dropped with ratio of neonatal disease screening,health education and filing.Degree of satisfaction had no statistical differences. Conclusions Appraisal of the third party could promote the children health care service.It is imperative to further improve the children health care service system in this respect.