Chinese Journal of Child Health Care

Study on violent discipline and its associated factors in poor rural areas.

WEI Qian-wei,ZHANG Cui-hong,ZHANG Jing-xu,LUO Shu-sheng, ZHAO Chun-xia,WANG Xiao-li,GUO Su-fang

2016, 24(3): 228-231. DOI: 10.11852/zgetbjzz2016-24-03-02

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Objective To describe the situation of violent discipline in poor rural areas and explore possible associated factors. Methods The data were from a cross-sectional survey that conducted among children under 3 years of age and their caregivers in poor rural areas of China.Characteristics of the child,caregiver and family were collected through face-to-face caregiver interviews.Discipline attitude and behavior of caregivers were measured through the indicators developed from UNCEF's Multiple Indicator Cluster Surveys (MICS).The Chi-squared test and multivariate logistic regression analyses were used to explore associated factors. Results Of the 2 953 caregivers,44.9% had used at least one type of violent discipline during the last one month,the prevalence of the psychological aggression,mild physical punishment and severe physical punishment were 25.5%,39.6% and 3.8%,respectively.Significant predictors of increased odds of violent discipline included the child's older age (OR=1.07),left-behind children (OR=1.17),female caregiver (OR=1.44),ethnic minorities (OR=1.60),and lower education (OR=1.41). Conclusion The high prevalence of violent discipline among children younger than 3 years in poor rural areas highlights the need for family interventions targeting the high-risk children.

Relationship between youth positive psychological capital and temporal self-value in Mangshi area.

ZHAO Ke,YANG Li-hong,LAI Yi

2016, 24(3): 232-234. DOI: 10.11852/zgetbjzz2016-24-03-03

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Objective To understand the present situation and characteristics of youth temporal self-value and to discuss the relationship between temporal self-value and positive psychological capital. Method Using the method of time horizon questionnaire (THQ) and positive psychological capital questionnaire (PPQ),2 327 youth students were investigated in Mangshi area,Yunnan Province. Results The future value of youth temporal self-value had the highest scores (3.79±0.52) and its sense of time value developed well (0.86).The scores of future orientation type of students' positive psychological capital were obviously higher than those of present and past type students' (P all＜0.01).There were significant positive correlations among the future value,future plan and positive psychological capital of youth temporal self-value(r=0.475~0.504,P＜0.01),and negative correlations existed between time pressure and positive psychological capital (r=-0.142,P＜0.01).Psychological capital could be used to explain 22.4% of future change values,24.9% of future plan change and 2% of time pressure change. Conclusions There are obviously correlations between youth temporal value,good developed positive psychological capital,temporal self-value and positive psychological capital.Youth temporal self-value has significant predict effect on youth positive psychological capital.

Cognitive development of 4 years old children conceived by intracytoplasmic sperm injection.

HONG Qin,CHI Xia,YANG Lei,ZHANG Min,LIU Xiao,ZHANG Lei,WU Lan,LING Xiu-feng, ZHAO Chun,XIE Ya-chun,CHEN Rong-hua,GUO Xi-rong,TONG Mei-ling

2016, 24(3): 235-237. DOI: 10.11852/zgetbjzz2016-24-03-04

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Objective To analyse the cognitive development of 4 year old children conceived by intracytoplasmic sperm injection (ICSI). Methods Children enrolled into our study were conceived by ICSI from January 2009,through to the end of December 2009 in the State key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine Department of Nanjing Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital.18 ICSI alive single born underwent cognitive assessments and 36 spontaneously conceived (SC) singletons as control subjects were matched with respect to age,gender,and birth number.The children were excluded if their gestational weeks less than 32 weeks,birth weight less than 1 500 g,with fetal distress or birth asphyxia history.Children's cognitive development was assessed with the Chinese-Wechsler preschool and primary scale of intelligence (C-WPPSI). Results Singletons conceived by ICSI achieved lower IQ scores than SC singletons (full-scale IQ:ICSI 100.67±11.45,SC 115.33±10.82; verbal IQ:97.72±14.21,111.72±12.40;performance IQ:104.83±7.87,SC 116.50±10.68,P<0.05).However,ICSI children obtained lower scores on the "picture completion" subtests (ICSI 4/18,SC 0/36,χ²=8.64,P<0.05). Conclusion In the relatively limited sample investigated,cognitive development among ICSI singletons is lower than SC singletons.By refining assessment content,expanding the sample size and extending follow-up time,we can provide more powerful evidence for judgment of the long-term developmental outcomes of assisted reproductive offspring.

Path analysis among middle school students' domestic environment,simplified coping style and time management disposition.

FAN Ye,WANG Xiao-cheng,DUAN Wen-mei,HUANG Jian-jun,SUN Chen-ming,WANG Tong

2016, 24(3): 238-241. DOI: 10.11852/zgetbjzz2016-24-03-05

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Objective To investigate the correlations among domestic environment,the coping methods and time management disposition of middle school students,and to provide the basis for improving middle school students' time management disposition. Methods With convenient sampling method,Domestic Environment Scale (FES-CV),Simplified Coping Style Questionnaire (SCSQ) and Time Management Disposition Scale (ATMD) questionnaire were used.A total of 1 100 middle school students were distributed in this survey.SAS 9.3 and Amos 22 softwares were used for statistical analysis. Results The second-order dimension of domestic environment domestic stability had a direct effect to sense of time value,second-order dimension of time management disposition (β=0.349,P<0.001);personal relationships (β=-0.268,P=0.048),and personal development (β=0.543,P<0.001)second-order dimensions of domestic environment,and domestic stability (β=0.409,P<0.001) had a direct effect to sense of time monitoring,the second-order dimension of time management disposition; domestic stability the second-order dimension of domestic environment had a direct effect to the sense of time efficacy,second-order dimension of time management disposition (β=-0.067,P=0.011).The personal development,etc.second-order dimensions of domestic environment through positive coping style and (or) negative coping style had indirect effects to time management disposition. Conclusion Simplified coping style as intermediary variable could regulated the relationship between domestic environment and time management disposition.

A study of 11~14 year-old migrant children's mental health in Guangzhou.

PEI Yong-guang,LIU Ke,BU Xiu-qing,WANG Yun,YE Qi-meng,LIN Xi-jun

2016, 24(3): 242-244. DOI: 10.11852/zgetbjzz2016-24-03-06

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Objectives To describe the mental health status of the migrant children in Guangzhou and explore its related factors. Methods Based on a descriptive and correlative study design and combined a variety of sampling methods,626 schoolchildren of grade five or six who came from four public schools and four non-governmental schools and their parents were recruited into this study.The children's information was collected through a questionnaire survey and biological physiology measurement.The Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire (SDQ) was used to measure children's mental health status. Results 1) The migrant children's total difficulties score of SDQ was 11.58±5.33,which was higher than the local children (9.85±5.27).Furthermore,the migrant children also got higher scores on the dimensions of emotional problem,hyperactivity and peer problem (P＜0.001).2) The factors of children's mental health status were gender,parenting attitudes correspondence,academic record. Conclusions 1) Compared with the local children,the mental health status of the migrant children is worse.2) The female children and those with better academic record from self-comments and higher parenting attitudes correspondence have better mental health.

Sex difference of cognitive and behavioral characteristics in children with autism spectrum disorders based on Psycho-Educational Profile-3rd Edition.

WANG Shi-huan,DENG Hong-zhu,CHEN Kai-yun,CHENG San-mei,ZOU Xiao-bing

2016, 24(3): 245-248. DOI: 10.11852/zgetbjzz2016-24-03-07

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Objective To explore sex difference of cognitive and behavioral characteristics in children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD). Methods The study involved 621 children (503 boys,118 girls) diagnosed with ASD from June 2013 to June 2015.Raw scores,developmental ages,percentages were used to examine cognitive and behavioral characteristics in children with ASD based on the Psycho-Educational Profile-3rd Edition (PEP-3).The sample was divided into four groups according cognitive verbal/preverbal (CVP) percentages:A group(CVP:～25%),B group(CVP:～50%),C group(CVP:～75%),D group(CVP:～100%).Behavior characteristics were analyzed related to gender differences in different cognitive levels. Results 1)Girls with ASD had lower raw scores and developmental ages in CVP,expressive language (EL),receptive language (RL),fine motor (FM),gross motor (GM),visual-motor imitation (VMI),affective expression (AE),social reciprocity (SR),characteristic motor behaviors (CMB),characteristic verbal behaviors (CVB),problem behavior (PB),personal self-care (PSC) and adaptive behaviors (AB) than boys (P<0.05).2)In A group,girls had lower raw scores in CVP (P<0.001) and GM than boys (P=0.010).However,there were no differences in other subtests.Additionally,no gender differences were found in the other three groups (P>0.05). Conclusions Girls with ASD have lower cognitive ability,greater social communication impairment,weaker adaptive skills,weaker motor functioning and greater behavior problems relative to boys.Moreover,the low cognitive ability in girls with ASD may play a fundamental role in gender behavioral difference.

Study on normal children's calculating event-related potential about N2 bimodal wave and age's development.

WU Ting,DONG Xuan,GUO Ning,SHEN Hui-juan,LI Ya-min

2016, 24(3): 249-252. DOI: 10.11852/zgetbjzz2016-24-03-08

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Objective To investigate the neural mechanism of school-age children's mathematical cognitive development law by comparing their calculating answer judgment of event-related potential (ERP) about N2 bimodal wave character. Methods Totally 119 normal children were divided into 6 groups.Their N2 bimodal wave's amplitude,area and waveform were analysed. Results 1)N2 bimodal wave's amplitude (μV):wrong answer's N2 amplitude were greater than the right answer's in each group,7 years old(16.5±2.4;12.0±2.6),8 years old(7.5±2.95;11.3±2.25),9 years old(26.7±5.4;20.3±4.96),10 years old(23.4±4.74;18.7±3.59),11 years old(16.2±2.28;11.8±2.42) and 12 years old(14.8±2.73;10.9±2.86),the differences were statistically significant (P<0.05).Group comparison in 9 and 10 years old between two kinds of answer judgment about N2 bimodal wave's amplitude had statistically significant differences with other age groups (P<0.05).2)N2 bimodal wave's area (μV·ms):wrong answer's N2 area were greater than the right answer's in each group,the differences were statistically significant (P<0.05).Group comparison in 9 and 10 years old between two kinds of answer judgment about N2 bimodal wave's area were different with other age groups,the differences were statistically significant (P<0.05).3)N2 bimodal waveform change:N2 after peak's position of misjudgment decreased with age,while correct judgment was in contrast. Conclusions ERP-N2 bimodal wave amplitude and area are of inverted U-shape along with the age.It's related with the breadth of synapses' development and brain activity.Wrong answer's N2 after peak decreases with the brain development,while the reaction process of the correct answer is opposite.The brain's information processing of conflict and inconflict is different.Mathematical cognitive development's obvious peak appears at 9 years old,maybe it's the critical period of the children's development.Mathematical cognitive development presents the nonlinear process.

Dynamic observation on the improvememt of social function in children with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder.

GU Jing-wen,ZHUANG Cheng,DING Li-ren,SHI Xiao-yan,XU Tong

2016, 24(3): 253-255. DOI: 10.11852/zgetbjzz2016-24-03-09

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Objective To observe the dynamic change on social function in children with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder(ADHD) after treatment with methylphenidate-release tablets and compare the difference on social function between the children with ADHD and the normal children. Methods Totally 34 children with ADHD and 35 normal children were included.ADHD children were treated with methylphenidate-release tablets for 24 weeks,social function were assessed with Weiss's function defect level rating scale respectively at baseline,the end of 8th week and the end of 24th week. Results 1) The scores of family,learning and school,life skills,self-management,social activities,adventure activities and the total score of Weiss's function defect level rating scale had decreased gradually after prolonged treatment (P<0.001).2)After 24 weeks treatment,there were no differences on life skills and adventure activities between the children with ADHD and the normal children,there were significant difference on family,learning and school,self-management,social activities. Conclusion The social function of ADHD can effectively improved after taking methylphenidate-release tablets,and the downtrend is gradually decreased along with the prolonged treatment.

Study on correlation between family rearing environment,social and emotional development of 1～3 years old children of Jiangsu province.

SONG Jia,ZHANG Dan,LI Jing,ZHAO Yan,QIN Rui,HU You-fang

2016, 24(3): 256-259. DOI: 10.11852/zgetbjzz2016-24-03-10

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Objective To explore family rearing environment correlated with children's social and emotional problems,provide reference for children's parenting. Methods Stratified cluster random sampling method was used to randomly selected 1 to 3 years old children from Jiangsu province as survey objects,all children were investigated by Chinese version of Urban Infant Toddler Social and Emotional Assessment (CITSEA) and Urban 1~3-year-old Children Family Rearing Environment Scale;The t-test and correlation study were used to analyze the surveyed results. Results The detection rate of adverse family rearing environment,social and emotional development in urban areas of Jiangsu province was 4.16% and 24.82%.Boys had higher externalizing scores,lower social adaptation/self-care,language/cognitive information and ignore/penalty scores than girls (P all <0.05).The scores of adverse family rearing environment children group were higher in externalizing scales,internalizing scales,deregulation scales,and lower competence scales than those of group of medium/good family rearing environment children group(P<0.05).Emotional warmth/environment atmosphere,social adaptation/self-care,language/cognitive information and ignore/penalty scores affect infant and toddler's social and emotional development (P<0.05). Conclusion Children's social and emotional developments are under the influence of family rearing environment,To create a good family rearing is conducive to the development children's social and emotional developments.

Expression of the Notch-related protein in prefrontal cortex in a rat model of autism.

CHEN Yi-Lan,WEN Min,ZHOU Bo,TONG Xue-tao,AI Rong

2016, 24(3): 260-263. DOI: 10.11852/zgetbjzz2016-24-03-11

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Objective To investigate the changes of Notch-related protein hairy and enhancer of split 1 (Hes1) and astroglia marker glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) and discuss effect of Notch signals in the rat model of autism. Methods Fifteen female Wistar rats (250~260 g) out of 20 were selected randomly to receive a single intraperitoneal injection of sodium valproate (VPA) at embryonic day 12.5(E12.5),and their offspring were defined as the autism model group.The rest 5 female Wistar rats received the intraperitoneal injection of saline,and their offspring were defined as the control group.The successfully animal model was confirmed by the three-chamber sociability test and self-grooming test.Western blotting was used to detect the expression of Hes1 and GFAP in prefrontal cortex in the two group on postnatal day 42(P42). Results 1)The animal model of autism was successfully established.Compared with the control group,the sociability and preference for social novelty were significantly decreased,and the cumulative self-grooming time in the autism model group significantly increased (P<0.05).2)Compared with the control group,Hes1 and GFAP expression significantly increased in prefrontal cortex of the autism model group on P42 (P<0.05). Conclusion In prefrontal cortex of the rat model of autism,activation of Notch signaling increased,moreover,the number of astrocyte also increased,which suggest the pathogenesis of autism may involve Notch signal in the prefrontal cortex.

Study on influencing factors in home motor environment on cognitive-motor development in 11~12 months infants.

XIA Bin,GU Gui-xiong,CAO Zhi-juan,LI Zhi-qi,HUA Jing

2016, 24(3): 278-281. DOI: 10.11852/zgetbjzz2016-24-03-17

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Objective To search the influencing factors in home motor environment on cognitive-motor development in 11~12 months infants and provide clues and basis for future intervention. Methods Totally 279 healthy infants of 11~12 months were selected randomly of regular health checks in child health care clinic in Changning Maternal and Infant Health Care Hospital of Shanghai.The child home environment questionnaire and Age&Stage Questionnaires-Chinese( ASQ-C)were respectively used to investigate the home environment and the children's cognitive-motor development level. Results The factors associated with infants' cognitive-motor development were:gestational weeks,the feeding patterns,number of the room in home,family income,indoor and outdoor activity space and time.With the multiple linear analysis,it showed that the influencing factor on infants' cognitive-motor development were:number of the room in home,outdoor activity space,arrange physical activities or not,the time of in arms,using walking devices,lying prone,activities in playpen and the free time (P<0.05). Conclusion To provide appropriate indoor and outdoor activity space for the baby,arrange physical activities,increase the time of using walking devices,lying prone,activities in playpen and the free time,reduce the time of in arms is benefit to the baby's cognitive-motor development.

Influence of television exposure and sleep problems on children intellectual development at 18 months.

CAO Hui,XIE Liang-liang,YIN Xiao-gang,DU Yu-qing,LIU Guo-dong,GU Chun-li,YAN Shuang-qin

2016, 24(3): 282-284. DOI: 10.11852/zgetbjzz2016-24-03-18

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Objective To test the relationships between television exposure,sleep problems and intellectual development among children aged 18 months. Methods The children aged 18 months who received child health care at Care Department of Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital of Maanshan between July 2013 and April 2014 were recruited as the study participants.The information on socio-demographic factors,screen exposure and sleep and so on was collected.Intellectual development was assessed using developmental screening test for child under six (DST).A total of 1 647 children (843 males and 804 females) were analyzed.Descriptive statistics and Logistic regression were used in analysis. Results After adjusted for gender,only child,parents' age,parents' education and occupation,monthly family income and mutually adjusted for television exposure,sleep problems and regular sleep,television exposure ≥60 minutes (OR=1.89,95%CI:1.11～3.23) and having sleep problems (OR=1.46,95%CI:1.03～2.07) were independently associated with an increased risk for borderline intellectual functioning and intellectual disability. Conclusion Longer television exposure and sleep problems have a negative effect on children's intelligence development.

Study on characteristics of self-awareness in children with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder.

LIU Yi,LI Cai-xia,DU Ya-song,CHEN Jing

2016, 24(3): 285-288. DOI: 10.11852/zgetbjzz2016-24-03-19

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Objective To explore the characteristics of self-awareness in children with attention deficits hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). Methods Participants in the research group were 62 children with ADHD and 61 normal children in typically developed group.Two groups were compared with the Subjective Awareness of Neuropsychological Deficits questionnaire for children(SAND-C) and Conner parents symptom questionnaire(PSQ). Results SAND-C scores of children with ADHD was significantly higher than those of control group on movement and behavior control,memory and language factors (P all<0.05),the attention factor of ADHD groups was lower than that of control group.The movement and behavior control of self-awareness had significant negative correlations with learning problem,anxiety and index of hyperactivity scores of PSQ. Conclusion Children with ADHD which evaluate their abilities too highly indicate the self-awareness of neuropsychological deficits and effects on social function.

Diagnosis and treatment related problems of autism spectrum disorders in preschool children and the mental health states of their monthers.

MENG Qun,FAN Xing-hong,HUANG Zhao-hua,ZHANG Ju-ling,GUAN Jian-fen,SHEN Bo

2016, 24(3): 289-291. DOI: 10.11852/zgetbjzz2016-24-03-20

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Objective To explore the related problems of diagnosis and treatment of preschool children with autism spectrum disorders (ASD) and the mental health states of their mothers,to analysis the differences in different ages and to provide some references for future work. Methods A total of 235 cases diagnosed with ASD were divided into two groups:98 cases aged 18 ~ 36 months (group 1),and 137 cases aged 37 ~ 72 months (group 2).A self-designed general questionnaire was used to collect the clinic demand in the two groups,and the Symptom Check-List 90 (SCL-90) was used to evaluate the mental health of the mothers. Results Delay or absence of spoken language was the most concern for parents in both groups,and parents in group 2 paid more attention on social communication abnormal behaviors.Both parents in two groups regarded "language progress" as primary goal,followed by behavior modification (including eye contact people,to reduce restricted/repetitive behaviors,easier to take,etc.)(P>0.05).In addition,parents in group 1 were more worried on whether children could go to kindergarten or school,etiology,and the risk of having a second child than the parents in group 1 (P<0.05),and the other aspects of concern had no statistical difference.The SCL-90 total scores in the parents of two groups were significantly higher than other parents with healthy children(P<0.05),and the positive number,the factor score of obsessive-compulsive symptoms,depression and anxietywere significantly higher in parents of group 2 were higher than those in group 1 (P<0.05). Conclusion In this region,the delay of spoken language is still the most concern for parents of preschool children with ASD,and there are differences in the related problems of diagnosis and treatment of preschool children with ASD in different age and also in the mental health states of their mothers.

Analysis on the current neglect state of rural left-behind pupil aged 6~11 years old in Jiamusi.

ZHU Li-ling,HUO Ting-ting,SHAO Zheng-dong,ZHOU Jian

2016, 24(3): 292-294. DOI: 10.11852/zgetbjzz2016-24-03-21

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Objective To study out the neglect state of rural pupil in Jiamusi and to provide a base for projecting scientific intervention measures. Methods A total of 1 576 pupils (of whom left-behind children were 433) who were multistage stratified randomly sampled from Jiamusi,were investigated by Evaluation Questionnaire of Child Neglect of Rural Pupil Aged 6~11 Years old in China.SPSS 19.0 was employed for statistics analysis. Results The neglect frequency and degree of left-behind children aged 6~8 were 48.74 and 48.25±8.40 respectively,and they were 52.99% and 46.82±10.21 of children aged 9~11.They were the same as the whole country' level and they were higher than the urban pupils' level.There were differences on neglect frequency and degree between males and female(P<0.05).The neglect degrees of age group 6~8 were higher than 9~11(P<0.05) on education and society.The neglect frequency and degree of pupils aged 9~11 were higher than 6~8 on safety.The neglect frequency and degree of males' were higher than female's on physical and so was the neglect degree on emotion.All pupils suffered neglect mainly on one of the six neglect types.There were no differences on neglect frequency and degree in different types of left-behind children. Conclusions Neglect degree and frequency of left-behind children aged 6~11 in rural city of Jiamusi are high.More attention and more resources should be paid to rural pupils.And the whole society should focus on improving the rural children's environments.

Prevalence of depression in Chinese children and adolescents:a Meta-analysis.

LI Jiu-ling,CHEN Xing,ZHAO Chun-hua,XU Yong

2016, 24(3): 295-298. DOI: 10.11852/zgetbjzz2016-24-03-22

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Objective To estimate the prevalence of depression among children and adolescents in China. Methods Publications between 2000 and 2014 were extracted from China National Knowledge Infrastructure(CNKI),Wanfang Databases and Chinese Science and Technology Journal Databases(VIP) and Chinese Biomedical Database(CBM).Observational studies on prevalence of depression were included.The prevalence of depression was combined by meta-analysis.Subgroup analysis was undertook by gender and region. Results A total of 14 papers were included in this study.The total number of participants investigated was 72 402,with 12 318 depression cases identified.It was considered that the homogeneity of the references were moderate after testing of heterogeneity(I²=49.6%).The model of the meta-analysis had statistical significance (q=0.999,P=0.000).The pooled prevalence was 15.4%(P=0.000) and the 95% confidence interval was from 13.3% to 17.8%.Subgroup analysis shows that the prevalence of boys(16.8%) was higher than the girls(15.6%);the prevalence of rural (20.0%)was higher than the city (16.2%)and the prevalence of senior school (23.3%)is higher than the junior school (16.2%)student. Conclusion The prevalence of depression is higher in senior high school,we should be early screening and take some related intervention.

Study on internet addiction and mental health status for rural junior high school students in a village,Henan.

ZHAO Yu-xia,ZHANG Han

2016, 24(3): 299-301. DOI: 10.11852/zgetbjzz2016-24-03-23

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Objective To investigate internet addiction and mental health status for rural junior high school students in a village,Henan. Method A total of 700 students from two rural junior high schools in Henan were investigated,by Young Internet Addiction Diagnostic Questionnaire(YDQ),Mental Health Test(MHT) and personal information. Results The incidence of internet addiction was 4.86%,significantly higher internet addiction prevalence was observed among the boys,poor learning achievement,left-behind students (P<0.05);the incidence,total scores of MHT and scores of 8 items in internet addiction group were significantly higher than those in non internet addiction group (P<0.05). Conclusion There are more mental health problems among internet addiction students in rural junior high school in Henan.

Study of the relationship between the incidences of ESES and attention deficit and hyperactivity behaviors.

ZHANG Hai-ju,YAO Bao-zhen,ZHANG Xiao,LING Wei

2016, 24(3): 302-304. DOI: 10.11852/zgetbjzz2016-24-03-24

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Objective To study the relationship between the incidences of electrical status epilepticus during sleep (ESES) and attention deficit and hyperactivity behaviors (like-ADHD) and to investigate whether the two diseases were independent diseases or the brain damage caused by ESES is the basis of attention deficit and hyperactivity behavior. Methods The children diagnosed as benign childhood epilepsy with central-temporal spikes (BECT) variant with ESES (A group) and BECT (B group) were collected from the children's neurological clinic.The incidence of attention deficit and hyperactivity behaviors in each group,and the difference of Conners parents' questionnaire were compared.The children in A group were treated with standard hormone therapy and re-evaluated attention deficit and hyperactivity morbidity before and after treatment,and the 6 factor scores in Conners parents' questionnaire were compared by paired t test before and after treatment. Results In the group A,28 cases were detected,18 cases were diagnosed with attention deficit and hyperactivity behaviors,the positive rate was 64.3%.In the group B,26 were detected and 7 cases were with attention deficit and hyperactivity behaviors,the positive rate was 26.9%.The incidence of those behaviors in the A group was significantly higher than that in the B group (P=0.038).In the group A,the factor scores such as the learning problem,psychosomatic disorder,hyperactivity and hyperactivity index in Conners parents' questionnaire were significantly higher than those of the B group.28 cases in A group were completed a total of 6 months of hormone therapy.Seizure or seizures decreased more than 50% and ESES disappeared 3~6 months (discharge index lower than 30%) in 17 case patients.The Conners parent questionnaire was performed in 17 patients with ESES,diagnosed with attention deficit and hyperactivity behaviors were 5 cases,and the positive rate was 29.4%.Compared with pre-treatment,detection rate was significantly lower (P=0.023).After the disappearance of ESES,the score of the factors such as learning problem,impulse hyperactivity and a lot of moving index scores decreased significantly. Conclusion The children with attention deficit and hyperactivity and other symptoms were associated with brain dysfunction.ESES phenomenon can lead to brain advanced neurological impairment,and is the basis for the high prevalence of epilepsy combined with attention deficit and hyperactivity behaviors.

Investigation of prevalence of anemia among children aged 2~6 years old in Wuhu district from 2006 to 2015.

WANG Shou-gui,HE Hai-yan,NING Man,TAO Li,CHEN Chen,ZHU Dan,WANG Xin,LIANG Hua

2016, 24(3): 305-307. DOI: 10.11852/zgetbjzz2016-24-03-25

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Objective To investigate prevalence of anemia among children aged 2~6 years old in Wuhu district and provide scientific basis for prevention. Methods Random cluster sampling was used to select 2~6 years old children from 6~8 kindergartens in urban area in a period from 2006 to 2015 as respondents,and then the contents of height,weight and hemoglobin were measured. Results Totally 6 468 children were included for the current analysis,the prevalence of anemia was 5.9%,and which in boys and girls were 6%,5.9%,respectively.The prevalence of anemia in 2006,2010 and 2015 were 5.5%,7.5% and 4.4% respectively,the differences were statistically significant (P<0.01).The prevalence of anemia in different age groups was 3.7%~29.5%,with the increase of age,there was a decreasing trend (P<0.05).There were statistically significant differences in weight,height,body mass index (BMI),growth retardation and obesity rate among children with anemia and normal children (P<0.05). Conclusions The prevalence of anemia in children has improved in recent years,but is still not optimistic,especially in children aged 2~4 years old.Anemia may affect the growth and development of children,and comprehensive measures should be taken for prevention and treatment of anemia in children.

Development of psychological capital questionnaire in children from junior high school.

XU Ming-jin,YANG Xin-guo,HUANG Xia-ni

2016, 24(3): 308-311. DOI: 10.11852/zgetbjzz2016-24-03-26

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Objective To develop a psychological capital inventory for children from junior high school. Methods Grounded on the overview of previous studies,structured interview and the open-ended questionnaire,the theoretical dimensions of psychological capital were constructed,and a preliminary questionnaire was compiled to measure junior school students.The formal questionnaire was formed in accordance with the results of 603 children via exploratory factor analysis and the results of other 594 children via confirmatory factor analysis. Results The questionnaire embodied 22 items and composed of five dimensions those were self-control,hope,self-confidence,tolerance,optimism and resilience;The questionnaire owned satisfying content validity,construct validity and criterion validity;The internal consistency reliability of sub-scales were between 0.653～0.804,total scale was 0.857;The retest reliability of sub-scales were between 0.730～0.856,total scale was 0.917. Conclusion Psychometric index of psychological capital have good performance that indicate the questionnaire could be employed as a tool to assess the psychological capital of junior school students.

Study of school-age children with very low birth weight evaluated by Naglieri cognitive ability and assessment system evaluation.

WANG Gong-liao,TANG Rui-xia,QIN Huai-fang,LIAO Bi-ling

2016, 24(3): 312-314. DOI: 10.11852/zgetbjzz2016-24-03-27

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Objective To understand the cognitive ability of school-age children with very low birth weight. Method The 30 cases of school age children with very low birth (after correcting for gestational age) weight evaluated by Das-Naglieri cognitive assessment system and compared with 50 cases of normal full-term children. Results The sum score of the planning scale and the simultaneous processing scale also the following the processing time and the attention scale and total score of DN-CAS in very low birth weight children were lower than those in normal full-term children,the differences were statistically significant (P<0.05). Conclusion The healthy surviving children with very low birth weight in the early school age had normal cognitive abilities,but significantly behind the normal full-term children of the same age,mainly in information encoding process,and the information encoding process and linking attention capabilities.

Analysis on the results of neuropsychological development of 10 177 children in Nantong.

WANG Fei-ying,NI Yu-fei,NI Yong,LIU Wei-wei,ZHU Xiao-cheng,HU Peng

2016, 24(3): 315-317. DOI: 10.11852/zgetbjzz2016-24-03-28

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Objective To understand neuropsychological behavior development of 10 177 infants in Nantong city. Method "Diagnosis of 0~6 years old children's development "(Gesell) revised by maternal and Child Health Hospital of Beijing,was used to evaluate the development of infants aged 3 to 15 months in Nantong city which included Chongchuan district,Gangzha district and Development zone. Results In three areas of Nantong,infants neuropsychological behavior growth had no regional differences;Retardation detection rate was different in month age;10 177 male and female infants' adaptability,fine motor,language development quotient had significant differences.There were no statistically significant differences between male and female infants in motor and personal social development quotient. Conclusion The development of the baby boy should be emphasized in adaptability,fine motor,language;and training related weak energy region should be focused in every month,to improve psychological behavior development status of the infants in Nantong.

Impact of core symptoms on health-related quality of life in children with autism spectrum disorders.

ZHANG Xi-ting,LI Yan,WEI Hua,HUANG Hai-yan,LUO Jing-mei,TAO Yuan-yuan,DONG Qiu-jun,CHENG Qian

2016, 24(3): 318-321. DOI: 10.11852/zgetbjzz2016-24-03-29

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Objective To investigate impact of the core symptoms of autism spectrum disorders(ASD) on healthrelated quality of life（HRQoL） in children. Methods The children with ASD who participated in structured training class in April to October,2014 in the Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University were researched.Core symptoms questionnaire and the Scale of Life Quality( PedsQLTM 4.0)，were used to analyze the relationship between the core symptoms and the HRQoL of ASD. 〓〖WT5"HZ〗Results〖WT5"BZ〗〓1) The relationships of patterns of restricted or repetitive interests and behaviors with PedsQL total score,emotional function,social function were negatively correlated （r=-0.503，-0.600，-0.474）,there were statistically significant （P<0.01），no significant correlation was found with physiological function,school performance.There was no significant correlation in social barriers associated with HRQoL of children with ASD.2)In mild patterns of restricted or repetitive interests and behaviors of children with ASD，the PedsQL total score,physical function,emotional function,social function and school function were higher than severe patterns of restricted or repetitive interests and behaviors of children with ASD,differences in emotional function,social function were statistically significant（P<0.05）.Overall quality of life,physical function,school performance differences were not statistically significant. Conclusions 1)The children with ASD is poor HRQoL.HRQoL relate to patterns of restricted or repetitive interests and behaviors.2)The more serious of patterns of restricted or repetitive interests and behaviors of children with ASD,the more worse HRQoL of children with ASD had.Improving patterns of repetitive interests and behaviors of children with ASD is will help improve HRQoL of children with ASD.

Relate factor to depress and anxiety symptoms in parents of bronchial asthma children.

XIAO Xiao-hui,LIU Hua,JU Jia,CHEN Xue-bin,CAI Xi-guang,LEI Feng-feng

2016, 24(3): 322-324. DOI: 10.11852/zgetbjzz2016-24-03-30

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Objective To explore the related factors and psychology intervene to depress and anxiety symptoms in parents of bronchial asthma children. Methods Totally 87 children with bronchial asthma were sampled and their 174 parents were investigated by the Eysenck Personality Questionnaire-R Short Scale(EPQ-RSC),Social Support Rating Scale(SSRS),Coping Style Questionnaire(CSQ),Self-Rating Depression Scale(SDS)and Self-Rating Anxiety Scale(SAS). Results The incurrence rates in the parents were 21.84% for depression,11.49% for anxiety,and 23.56% for comorbid symptoms respectively.There were significant differences in sexual,the age of asthma children and severity of asthma for the depression and anxiety.The EPQ introversion and extroversion scores were lower in the comorbid group than in the other three groups,lower in the depression and anxiety groups than in the no symptoms group (P<0.01); The EPQ neuroticism score was lower in the no symptoms group than in the other three groups,lower in the he depression and anxiety groups than in the comorbid group (P<0.01).The SSRS scores of subjective support,objective support and total social support were lower in the comorbid group than in the no symptoms group (P<0.05).The CSQ scores of problems solving and seeking help were lower in the comorbid group than in the no symptoms group; the scores of fantasy,avoidance,and rationalization were lower in the no symptoms group than in the other three groups;The CSQ self-blame scores were lower in the no symptoms group than in the other three groups,lower in the depression and anxiety groups than in the comorbid group.Logistic regression analysis showed that those with the younger age of suffering from asthma,the more severity of asthma,lower score of extroversion,higher scores of neuroticism and self-blame were more likely to have symptoms of depression and anxiety. Conclusions The incurrence rates of depression and anxiety are very high in the parents with asthma children.The related factors include the younger age of suffering from asthma,the more severity of asthma,introversion and extroversion,neuroticism and self-blame.

Related factors of delayed referring in children with language developmental delay.

GE Hai-jing,HUANG Min-hui,ZHAN Jian-ying

2016, 24(3): 325-328. DOI: 10.11852/zgetbjzz2016-24-03-31

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Objective To investigate related factors of the delayed referring in children with developmental language delay,and to provide scientific basis for the further intervention. Methods A total of 104 children (including 68 developmental language delay (DLD),36 global developmental delay (GDD) were included,a questionnaire was used to acquire related information. Results 1) There were no significant differences between DLD and GDD in gender,parents education,family history (P>0.05),but first discovered age,first referred age and delayed referring time had statistic differences (P<0.05);2) Through multiple linear regression analysis,mother's education was related with first discovered age.Higher mother's education associated with earlier discovered age.3) There were differences in first discovered age and delayed referring time between different diagnosis conditions (P<0.05).DLD children were more likely to be discovered earlier. Conclusion Due to lack of knowledge of language development milestones to parents,the monitoring of language development from the first year of child is supposed in the primary children's health care system.

Study on elementary school higher grades students' knowledge of sexual physiology and health care in Jinan urban fringe area.

CHEN Qi-wei,FAN Die,ZHOU Jiao,LUO Kui,HUO Shu-tong,ZHENG Hai-shan,LI Jun,XU Ling-zhong

2016, 24(3): 329-331. DOI: 10.11852/zgetbjzz2016-24-03-32

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Objective To study the elementary school senior pupils' present situation of sex education in Jinan's urban fringe area and understand their level and access in sexual physiology and health care knowledge. Methods The method of stratified-clustered-random sampling was used in this study.The senior pupils who sampled from two primary schools in Licheng and one primary school in Shizhong,were surveyed with self-made questionnaires. Results In Jinan urban fringe area,senior pupils' degrees of sexual knowledge scored an average of 4.20 points (total of 12 points),girls' score was significantly higher than boys' (P<0.05),the degrees of students in different age had significant differences (P<0.05). Conclusion A positive intervention measures should be taken to provide related manpower resources for school and carry out effective sex education as soon as possible.

Intervene of auditory integration stimulus unite play therapy on behavior and psychology in autistic children.

CHEN Wei-hua,ZOU Lin-xia,YANG Li-xing,LIN Xiao-miao

2016, 24(3): 332-334. DOI: 10.11852/zgetbjzz2016-24-03-33

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Objective To observe the effects of auditory integration stimulus unite play therapy on behavior and psychology in autistic children. Methods Totally 60 autistic children were devided into three groups,with 20 case in each group.All children were treated with treatment and education for autistic and related communication handicapped children (TEACCH),group B was added play therapy,group C was added auditory integration stimulus in the basis of group B.They were assessed with the Childhood Autism Rating Scale (CARS),Autism Behavior Checklist (ABC),development quotient (DQ) of adaptability,language and personal life of Gesell Developmental Schedules before and 6 months after the treatment. Results CARS,ABC,development quotient (DQ) of adaptability,language and personal life of Gesell Developmental Schedules improved after treatment in three groups (P<0.05),the ABC and the DQ of personal life improved more in the group B,C than in the group A(P<0.05).In the DQ of language,group C were improved most in three groups,group B were improved better than group A. Conclusion auditory integration stimulus combined with the play therapy is more effective on behavior and psychology in autistic children.

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