Malignant tumors are one of the main causes of death from chronic diseases in China, and their incidence and mortality rates show an increasing trend year by year. Advanced non-surgical treatment of malignant tumors is an important means of improving patients' prognosis and enhancing their quality of life. The traditional Chinese medicine Ganoderma lucidum has anti-tumor effects and plays a role in the treatment of many malignant tumors. In this paper, a systematic review of the effects of Ganoderma lucidum active ingredients on tumors has been conducted at home and abroad in the past five years to explore the anti-tumor mechanism of Ganoderma lucidum active ingredients and to lay a theoretical foundation for the application of Ganoderma lucidum active ingredients in clinical practice.