Research progress on the mechanism of TGF-β1/Smads signaling pathway in oral submucous fibrosis and regulation of traditional Chinese medicine

doi:10.12092/j.issn.1009-2501.2026.05.011

Abstract

Abstract:

Oral submucous fibrosis (OSF) is a common oral disease, which seriously affects the oral function and quality of life of patients, and has a certain risk of carcinogenesis. Transforming growth factor-β1 (TGF-β1)/Smads signaling pathway plays a key role in the occurrence and development of OSF. Traditional Chinese medicine has shown certain potential in the intervention of OSF due to its advantages of multi-target and overall regulation. This article aims to systematically explain the mechanism of TGF-β1/Smads signaling pathway in OSF, comprehensively summarize the research progress of traditional Chinese medicine in regulating this signaling pathway to interfere with OSF, and look forward to the future research direction, so as to provide new ideas and references for the prevention and treatment of OSF.

Key words: oral submucous fibrosis, TGF-β1/Smads signaling pathway, traditional Chinese medicine, mechanism, research progress

CLC Number:

Qun LI, Xinyue ZHANG, Shuo QI, Jin TAN. Research progress on the mechanism of TGF-β1/Smads signaling pathway in oral submucous fibrosis and regulation of traditional Chinese medicine[J]. Chinese Journal of Clinical Pharmacology and Therapeutics, 2026, 31(5): 666-674.

Figures/Tables 2

References 55

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药物类型	具体药物/成分	作用机制	药效	参考文献
中药单体及提取物	表没食子儿茶素没食子酸酯（EGCG）	抑制TGF-β1相关信号通路，降低 TGF-β1、NO等表达，升高抗氧化酶活性	减轻OSF大鼠模型口腔黏膜纤维化程度	[34]
	光甘草定	抑制TGF-β产生，降低磷酸化Smad2表达，下调 α-SMA和Ⅰ型胶原蛋白	抑制人纤维化口腔黏膜成纤维细胞的纤维化相关活动，阻止槟榔碱诱导的成纤维细胞转化	[35]
	槲皮素	抑制TGF-β1/Smads 信号通路，降低TGF-β1表达，减少Smad2/3磷酸化	抑制槟榔碱诱导的口腔黏膜成纤维细胞增殖和活化，减少胶原沉积	[36-38]
	丹参酮 ⅡA1	抑制 TGF-β/Smads 通路激活，减少COL1A1、COL3A1等胶原基因转录	抑制ANE刺激的小鼠口腔黏膜成纤维细胞异常增殖和胶原积累，改善OSF患者症状	[39-41]
	姜黄素	与TGF-β受体结合，抑制 TGF-β1/Smads信号通路，减少胶原产生	抑制肌成纤维细胞增殖，减少胶原合成，改善口腔黏膜病理状态，提高OSF治疗效果	[42-45]
	蛇床子素	抑制TGF-β1/Smad2信号通路，下调NCK1-AS1表达，减少α-SMA和Ⅰ型胶原蛋白	降低纤维化口腔黏膜成纤维细胞活力，抑制肌成纤维细胞活性	[46]
	和厚朴酚	抑制TGF-β1/Smad2信号通路，减少TGF-β分泌和Smad2磷酸化	抑制ANE诱导的肌成纤维细胞活性，缓解OSF进展	[47]
	山竹果皮提取物（含黄蒽酮）	下调TGF-β/Smad2信号通路相关基因，减少α-SMA和Ⅰ型胶原蛋白表达	抑制OSF细胞迁移，诱导细胞凋亡，减轻纤维化	[48]
中成药	复方丹参滴丸	通过多种活性成分作用于 TGF-β1信号通路等，抑制纤维化、抗炎、抗氧化	联合曲安奈德减轻 OSF患者症状，降低 TGF-β1、IL-6水平	[49-51]
	丹玄口康片	调节免疫细胞因子，降低 TGF-β1等促纤维化因子分泌	增加OSF大鼠张口度，改善黏膜纤维化症状	[52]
中药复方	玉泉汤加减	下调TGF-β1等因子表达，抑制纤维化进程，减轻炎症反应	提高OSF癌变干预效果，改善患者临床症状	[53-54]
	利咽解毒方加减	下调TGF-β1、CCR2、TLR2 表达，减轻炎症和氧化应激损伤	增加患者张口度，缩小病变面积，提高治疗总有效率	[55]

药物类型	具体药物/成分	作用机制	药效	参考文献
中药单体及提取物	表没食子儿茶素没食子酸酯（EGCG）	抑制TGF-β1相关信号通路，降低 TGF-β1、NO等表达，升高抗氧化酶活性	减轻OSF大鼠模型口腔黏膜纤维化程度	[34]
	光甘草定	抑制TGF-β产生，降低磷酸化Smad2表达，下调 α-SMA和Ⅰ型胶原蛋白	抑制人纤维化口腔黏膜成纤维细胞的纤维化相关活动，阻止槟榔碱诱导的成纤维细胞转化	[35]
	槲皮素	抑制TGF-β1/Smads 信号通路，降低TGF-β1表达，减少Smad2/3磷酸化	抑制槟榔碱诱导的口腔黏膜成纤维细胞增殖和活化，减少胶原沉积	[36-38]
	丹参酮 ⅡA1	抑制 TGF-β/Smads 通路激活，减少COL1A1、COL3A1等胶原基因转录	抑制ANE刺激的小鼠口腔黏膜成纤维细胞异常增殖和胶原积累，改善OSF患者症状	[39-41]
	姜黄素	与TGF-β受体结合，抑制 TGF-β1/Smads信号通路，减少胶原产生	抑制肌成纤维细胞增殖，减少胶原合成，改善口腔黏膜病理状态，提高OSF治疗效果	[42-45]
	蛇床子素	抑制TGF-β1/Smad2信号通路，下调NCK1-AS1表达，减少α-SMA和Ⅰ型胶原蛋白	降低纤维化口腔黏膜成纤维细胞活力，抑制肌成纤维细胞活性	[46]
	和厚朴酚	抑制TGF-β1/Smad2信号通路，减少TGF-β分泌和Smad2磷酸化	抑制ANE诱导的肌成纤维细胞活性，缓解OSF进展	[47]
	山竹果皮提取物（含黄蒽酮）	下调TGF-β/Smad2信号通路相关基因，减少α-SMA和Ⅰ型胶原蛋白表达	抑制OSF细胞迁移，诱导细胞凋亡，减轻纤维化	[48]
中成药	复方丹参滴丸	通过多种活性成分作用于 TGF-β1信号通路等，抑制纤维化、抗炎、抗氧化	联合曲安奈德减轻 OSF患者症状，降低 TGF-β1、IL-6水平	[49-51]
	丹玄口康片	调节免疫细胞因子，降低 TGF-β1等促纤维化因子分泌	增加OSF大鼠张口度，改善黏膜纤维化症状	[52]
中药复方	玉泉汤加减	下调TGF-β1等因子表达，抑制纤维化进程，减轻炎症反应	提高OSF癌变干预效果，改善患者临床症状	[53-54]
	利咽解毒方加减	下调TGF-β1、CCR2、TLR2 表达，减轻炎症和氧化应激损伤	增加患者张口度，缩小病变面积，提高治疗总有效率	[55]

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