Table of Content

Volume 17 Issue 4
26 April 2012

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Optimization of in situ perfused rat intestine-liver model

WANG Su-jun¹, MO Li-li¹, YANG Ben-kun¹, ZANG Lin-quan¹, PAN Xue-diao¹, WANG Gui-xiang¹, TAN Yu-zhi¹, XIE Hai-tang²

2012, 17(4):  361-366. 

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AIM: To optimize perfusate composition of in situ perfused rat intestine-liver model and achieve the best perfusate formula. METHODS: The perfusion conditions were optimized, respectively. The Krebs-Ringer NaHCO₃ solution with bovine serum albumin and mannitol and the Krebs-Ringer NaHCO₃ solution with bovine serum albumin and dextran two T40 were contrasted for finding out the best perfusate medium. Then bovine serum albumin content in the optimal perfusion medium was optimized. RESULTS: K-R solution with bovine serum albumin and dextran T40 group was better than K-R solution with bovine serum albumin and mannitol group; 5% bovine serum albumin in perfusate is a more economic and ideal proportions. CONCLUSION: 5% bovine serum albumin in perfusate is a more economic and ideal proportions.

Clone and analysis of splice variants of interleukin 7 in cancer cell lines

FENG Feng-lan¹, PENG Yu-yu¹, PAN De-shun¹, LI Xiao-bo², JIN Xiao-bao², ZHU Jia-yong²

2012, 17(4):  367-370. 

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AIM: To clone and select the splice variants in open reading frame of interleukin 7 from cancer cell lines. METHODS: Reverse transcription- polymerase chain reaction (RT- PCR) was used for investigating the expression of IL-7. According to IL-7 gene cDNA, the primers were designed and synthesized, then the splice variants of IL-7 in human cancer cell lines was identified, cloned into vector and sequenced. RESULTS: IL-7 mRNA can be detected in Hepatic cancer cells and Colon cancer cells. A number of new bands of IL-7 were obtained from cultured cancer cell lines, which lack of different exons. By analyzing the splice variants, we found 5 of them in open reading frame of IL-7. CONCLUSION: Splice variants of IL-7 are expressed in many tumor cell lines. Further investigation of the Splice variants can provide a new research direction for cancer patient immune disorders and clinical immunotherapy.

Determination of aconitine concentration in rats plasma by LC-MS/MS

WANG Zhi-qi^1,2, JING Xian³, ZENG Rong^1,2, CHEN Yao³, TAN Zhi-rong³

2012, 17(4):  371-375. 

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AIM: To establish an LC-MS/MS method for determining the concentration of aconitine in rats plasma. METHODS: Verapamil was used as internal standard, the plasma samples extracted by MTBE were separated on a HyPURITY Cyano column (150 mm × 2.1 mm, 5 μm) with mobile phase contained acetonitrile and 10 mmol/L ammonium formate (70∶30, V/V) at flow rate of 0.30 mL/min. The electrospray ionization (ESI source) in positive ion multiple reaction monitoring (MRM) were used for scanning analysis, then, aconitine and verapamil ion selective channels were: m/z 646.4→586.4 and 455.2→164.9, respectively. RESULTS: The linear range for aconitine was 9.3-2390 pg/mL. The lower limit of quantitation was 9.3 pg/mL, and the relative standard deviation of intra-day and inter-day were less than 15%. CONCLUSION: The established method is suitable for pharmacokinetic study of aconitine.

Expression and significance of PTEN and LIVIN in diffuse large B-cell lymphoma

SHENG Li-li, LIU Yin-hua, JI Zhao-ning

2012, 17(4):  376-380. 

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AIM: To investigate PTEN and LIVIN expression in diffuse large B-cell lymphoma and evaluate their clinical significance. METHODS: From July 2008 to May 2011,41 cases of untreated diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL) specimens and 21 cases of benign lymph nodes hyperplasia(BLH) were selected from Affiliated Hospital of Wannan Medical College.The expressions of PTEN and LIVIN in the 41 cases of DLBCL and 21 cases of BLH were measured by means of immunohistochemical S-P staining method and the relationships of PTEN and LIVIN expressions with diffuse large B-cell lymphoma stage and prognosis were evaluated. RESULTS: The positive rate of PTEN expression was 39.00% in the diffuse large B-cell lymphoma tissues,it was 80.95% in the benign lymph nodes hyperplasia tissues(P<0.05). The positive rate of LIVIN expression was 65.90% in the diffuse large B-cell lymphoma tissues,it was 23.81% in the benign lymph nodes hyperplasia tissues(P<0.05). PTEN were not positively related to the patient's gender,age, physical score, clinical stage,extranodular invasion,LDH, International Prognosis Index or the molecular type.LIVIN were not positively related to the patient's gender,age, clinical stage or extranodular invasion(P>0.05). LIVIN were positively related to the patient's physical score,LDH,group B, molecular type and International Prognosis Index(P<0.05). PTEN and LIVIN were inverse correlation in diffuse large B-cell lymphoma. CONCLUSION: There are overexpressions of LIVIN in the diffuse large B-cell lymphoma.PTEN expresses in contrast .The positivity rates of PTEN is related to the group A and molecular type,while LIVIN are related to the patient's physical score,LDH,group B,molecular type and International Prognosis Index. PTEN may not predict the outcome in DLCBL.LIVIN might serve as biomarkers to the diffuse large B-cell lymphoma prognose.

Renal tubular protection effect of combining benazepril and spironolactone in adriamycin-induced nephritic rats

YANG Yan-lang^1,2, ZOU He-qun¹, ZHANG Dao-you², WANG Yu-wei², LI Fan-xia², GAO Chao-qing², XU Hai-hong², CHENG Xiao-mei²

2012, 17(4):  381-386. 

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AIM: To investigate the renal tubular protection effect of combining benazepril and spironolactone in adriamycin-induced nephritic rats. METHODS: Male Sprague-Dawley(SD) rats were randomly separated to control group, model group, benazepril treatment group, spironolactone treatment group and combined treatment group. At the 6^th,12^th,18^th week, 24 hours urinary protein excretion were examined, meanwhile after 18th week the rats were executed, biochemical indicators and urinary retinene binding-protein(uRBP) were detected. Immunohistochemistry was performing to investigate renal pathological change and the expression of TGF-β₁. RESULTS: Contrast to model group, solo treatment groups and combined treatment group could efficiently lowered the blood pressure, proteinuria and increased serum-albumin(P<0.05), meanwhile, the combined group have most significant effect. Treatment groups could reduce the levels of uRBP excretion (P<0.01), the level of it in the combined group is lower than those of individual treamtment groups (P<0.01). The combined group could efficiently decrease the expression of TGF-β₁(P< 0.01). In the treatment groups, urinary RBP and TGF-β₁ was correlated significantly (r=0.735,r=0.845,r=0.585). CONCLUSION: In the adriamycin-induced nephropathic rats, combination of benazepril and spironolacton may decrease efficiently the content of protinuria, the level of uRBP and blood pressure, decrease the expression of TGF-β₁ in renal interstitial, arrest the progress of renal tubular injury.

Protection of volatile oil from Angelica sinensis on focal cerebral ischemia-reperfusion in rats

LUO Hui-ying, YANG Lin, YANG Huan, LIU Yuan

2012, 17(4):  387-391. 

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AIM: To discuss the protection of volatile oil from Angelica sinensis on focal cerebral ischemia-reperfusion in rats. METHODS: Focal cerebral ischemia-reperfusion injury model was made with suture-occluded method.The neurological deficits of rats were observed after occluding middle cerebral artery for 45 min and reperfusion for 2 hours.The volume of cerebral infarction were measured; the levels of NOS and NO, and the activities of SOD and GSH-Px in serum were detected. RESULTS: Volatile oil from Angelica sinensis could effectively ameliorate the changes induced by cerebral ischemia-reperfusion, including: meliorate the neurological deficits; decrease the levels of NOS and NO and the volume of cerebral infarction; increase the activities of SOD and GSH-Px. CONCLUSION: Volatile oil from Angelica sinensis shows the protection against ischemia-reperfusion injury, and the effect may related to increase antioxidation of the brain tissue.

Heat shock protein 70 peptide inhibits Th17 cells in collagen-induced arthritis mice

GUO Hong-yan^1,2, YUAN Hui-hui¹, ZHANG Xu-long¹, ZHAO Wen-ming¹

2012, 17(4):  392-397. 

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AIM: The effect of heat shock protein 70 (HSP70) peptide on Th17 cells was studied in collagen-induced arthritis(CIA) mice model and the mechanism of its inhibitory effect on inflammation was also investigated. METHODS: DBA/1 mice were randomly divided into four groups including HSP70 peptide group, negative control group, PPD treated group and positive control group. Arthritis was induced by immunizing bovine typeⅡcollage, except negative control group. Pathology was evaluated by paw swelling and histological changes. The number of Th17 cells in peripheral lymph nodes was assayed by flow cytometry, and Th17 cell-associated regulatory factors were measured by real-time quantitative PCR. RESULTS: The number of Th17 cells in HSP70 peptide treated group was significantly lower than that of positive control group and PPD treated group. Expression levels of IL-6, IL-23, TGF-β₁ and orphan nuclear receptor(RORγt) in HSP70 peptide group were markedly reduced than those of positive group and PPD group. CONCLUSION: HSP70 peptide could play a protective role on CIA mice through decreasing Th17 cell regulating factors and inhibiting the differentiation of Th17 cells.

The changes of mitofusin 2 on myocardial injury in diabetic rats

KANG Pin-fang^1,2, GAO Qin^2,3, WANG Xiao-mei², YE Hong-wei², LI Zheng-hong², CHEN Yao¹, ZHANG Ye¹, WANG Hong-ju¹

2012, 17(4):  398-402. 

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AIM: To investigate the changes of mitofusin 2 (Mfn2) on myocardial injury in diabetic rats. METHODS: Diabetic rat model was simulated by intraperitoneal injection 55 mg/kg streptozotocin and divided into normal group, diabetes at 4th week (DM 4W), and diabetes at 8th week (DM 8W) groups. The ventricular hemodynamical parameters in vitro and heart weight/body weight (HW/BW) were determined. The level of CK-MB in serum was determined by automatic biochemistry analyzer. Mfn2 mRNA expression of left anterior myocardium was evaluated by RT-PCR. RESULTS: In contrast to normal rat, left ventricular developed pressure (LVDP), maximal rise/fall rate of left ventricular pressure (±dp/dt_max), heart rate (HR), left ventricular work (RPP) and CK-MB level were decreased in DM 4W and DM 8W rats (P<0.05, P<0.01), left ventricular end diastolic pressure (LVEDP) and HW/BW were increased (P<0.01), and the expression of Mfn2 mRNA was decreased (P<0.01); compared with DM 4W rat, LVDP, ±dp/dt_max, HR, RPP and CK-MB level were further decreased in DM 8W rat (P<0.05, P<0.01), LVEDP and HW/BW were increased (P<0.01), and the expression of Mfn2 mRNA was further decreased (P<0.01). CONCLUSION: With the development of diabetes, ventricular function was decreased further, it is maybe related to the decrease of Mfn2 mRNA expression.

Inhibiting URAT1 gene expression and reducing blood uric acid level of Chinese Traditional Medicine such as smilax glabra

SUN Hong, WANG Shao-ming, ZHUANG Jie, HUANG Xu-hui, YAO Jin-zhou

2012, 17(4):  403-407. 

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AIM: To explore whether Chinese Traditional Medicine such as alismatales, plantaginaceae and smilax glabra can regulate the hyperuricemia mice uric anionic exchanger 1(URAT1) mRNA expression of rats. METHODS: The 48 Wistar rats were randomly divided into control group, model group, benzbromarone group, alismatales group, plantaginaceae group and smilax glabra group. There were 8 rats every group. Alismatales, plantaginaceae,smilax glabra and benzbromarone were given to rats with hyperuricemia model established with potassium oxonate. The quantitative Real-time PCR method was used for detection of URAT1 mRNA gene expression. RESULTS: The blood uric acid level of benzbromarone group, alismatales group, plantaginaceae group and smilax glabra group were significantly lower than those in the model group (P<0.01). The expression of URAT1 mRNA in benzbromarone group, plantaginaceae group, benzbromarone group were lower than those in model group. CONCLUSION: The mechanism for plantaginaceae and smilax glabra may be relevant in inhibiting URAT1 gene mRNA expression of rats, thus accelerating the excretion of uric acid.

Improving effects of gastrodin on learning and memory in model rats with Alzheimer disease induced by intra-hippocampal Aβ_1-40 injection

LIU Xing, WANG Meng-ya

2012, 17(4):  408-411. 

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AIM: To observe the effects of gastrodin treatment on learning and memory of model rats with Alzheimer disease (AD) induced by intra-hippocampal Aβ_1-40 injection. METHODS: The AD rat model was established by injection of Aβ_1-40 into bilateral hippocampus, rats in sham group (n=7) was injected with saline, and normal group (n=10) without any treatment. The AD model rats in gastrodin group, huperzine A group and model group (n=8 each group), were administered by oral gavage of drugs or saline, respectively, for 4 weeks (q.d.). Then Morris water maze was used to examine the changes of learning and memory abilities in rats. RESULTS: The test of Morris water maze showed that the escape latency of place navigation trials in model group was significantly longer than normal or sham groups (P<0.01 or P<0.05). In comparison with model group, the escape latency in gastrodin group was significantly shorter (P<0.05), but the time in presumable plate quadrant of spatial probe trial was longer (P<0.05). CONCLUSION: Gastrodin may have improving effect on the abilities of learning and memory of the model rats with AD induced by intra-hippocampal Aβ_1-40 injection.

The long-term effect of high fat-glucose-salt diet on pain threshold

LIU Xiao-yu, YAO Ru, WU Da-fang, YE Xin, ZHOU Yan

2012, 17(4):  412-416. 

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AIM: To study the effect of the change of paw withdrawal thermal latency (PWTL) and paw withdrawal mechanical threshold (PWMT) in high fat-glucose-salt diet-fed rats. METHODS: Thirty five-week-old male Sprague-Dawley rats weighing (100±5)g were divided into two groups: Group A(n=20)(high fat-glucose-salt diet-fed) and Group B, the control group (n=10). Food and water available to both groups were not limited. FBG (fasting blood glucose), FINS (the fasting insulin), PWTL, PWMT, blood pressure and the weight were measured at the 1^st, 10^th, 20^th, 30^th, 40^th, 50^th, 60^th, 70^th, 120^th day. RESULTS: (1)No change of FBG were found in the two groups. (2) Group A were significantly high in FINS after 20 days feeding, while that of the group B didn't change. The difference became increasingly remarkable on the 20^th, 30^th, 40^th, 50^th, 60^th, 70^th, and 120^th day. (3)after 70 days feeding, PWTL of group A (P<0.05) obviously decreased, whereas that of group B didn't. (4)PWMT of group A decreased after 60 days feeding (P<0.05), while that of group B didn't. (5)The blood pressure of group A was noticeably higher than that of group B when measured on the 20^th, 30^th, 40^th, 50^th, 60^th, 70^th, 120^th day. (6)The weight of both groups increased until the 70th day when significant differences were observed (P<0.05). CONCLUSION: High fat-glucose-salt diet can induce high blood pressure, hyperinsulinemic, insulin resistance (on the 20^th day), thermal hyperalgesia (on the 70^th day) and mechanical hyperalgesia (on the 60^th day). But high blood pressure, hyperinsulinemic, insulin resistance didn't appear at the same time with hyperalgesia.

Pharmacokinetic effect of borneol on breviscapine by intranasal administration in rats

WANG Wen-lin

2012, 17(4):  417-420. 

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AIM: To investigate the pharmacokinetic effect of Borneol on breviscapine by intranasal administration in rats. METHODS: The plasma concentration of scutellarin at 1,5,10, 30,60,90,120,150,180,210,270 min were measured using ¹²⁵I isotope labeling experiments after the intake of 0.4 mg/kg Breviscapine through intravenous injection, nasal administration and nasal administration co-borneol, drew concentration-time curve and compared pharmacokinetic parameters of three ways. RESULTS: The t_max of co-borneol intranasal administration was 22 min which was significantly shorter than that of simple intranasal administration (30 min).And there is statistically difference between them (t=5.73, P=0.025); the C_max of co- borneol intranasal group and simple intranasal administration group were 0.55, 0.52 μg/mL, and absolute bioavailability were 53.21% and 53.71%, which was not statistically significant. CONCLUSION: To a certain extent,borneol could shorten the peak time of scutellar plasma concentrations in rats by nasal administration, but did not significantly affect the absolute bioavailability,which showed a new research direction on the combination of borneol and breviscapine.

Calculating the pharmacokinetic parameters of cefaclor in healthy volunteers using limited sampling model

HUANG Xiao-hui¹, HUANG Ji-han², WANG Qin¹, WANG Kun²

2012, 17(4):  421-427. 

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AIM: To set a linear regression model in selecting 1-4 point blood concentrations as biomarkers for predicting AUC_0-240min and C_max in individual therapy. METHODS: The blood concentrations of cefaclor were determined by HPLC and the data within 240 min were used for modeling. The reliability and stability of the model was evaluated with the absolute prediction error (APE) by Jackknife method and plotting. RESULTS: A limited sampling model was established with 1-4 point concentrations by the regression model with plotting. One point for prediction of AUC_0-240min showed 15% APE 47.9% in subjects, but two, three or four points could obtain better prediction with less than 15% APE in all subjects. There were the same results in the prediction of C_max in the subjects. CONCLUSION: Using limited sampling model, two to four blood concentration points of cefaclor can used to predict the AUC_0-24h and Cmax for individual therapy.

Influence of center effects and imbalanced sample sizes between centers on therapeutic evaluation in clinical trials

LIN Jie, WEI Yong-yue, CHEN Feng, YU Hao

2012, 17(4):  428-432. 

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AIM: To evaluate the effects on the test power and type I error of center effect, treatment-by-center interaction and imbalanced sample sizes among centers in a multi-center clinical trials. METHODS: We focused on binary outcome and limited our study on the comparison of two groups. 60 scenarios (10 allocated proportions, 3 types of center effects with and without main effect of treatment) were considered. Using Monte-Carlo simulation studies, we estimated the test power or type I error in each scenario. RESULTS: When there was no central effect or no treatment-by-center interaction, the simulated powers were approximately equal to 0.80 and the type I errors were well controlled at 0.05 in various scenarios. The imbalance of sample sizes among centers had no affected on the power and type I error in these scenarios. However, when there was an interaction between treatments and centers, the power decreased, and the type I error inflated. The imbalance of sample sizes among centers slightly affected the power and type I error. CONCLUSION: In a multicenter clinical trial, the treatment-by-center interaction has a large effect on the test power and type I error, while the imbalance of sample sizes among center has no or only a limited effect. Therefore, we should pay more attention to the interaction between center and treatment in designing a multi-center clinical trial.

Bioequivalence of Clarithromycin soft capsules in healthy Chinese volunteers

MA Ping¹, LI Peng-fei¹, WANG Shu-min², WANG Juan³, WANG Yan¹, XIE Xiao-juan¹, LIU Li-hong¹

2012, 17(4):  433-437. 

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AIM: To evaluate the bioequivalence of Clarithromycin soft capsule in healthy Chinese volunteers. METHODS: A single oral doses of 0.25 g Clarithromycin soft capsule and tablet(test and reference) were given to 20 healthy volunteers according to an open randomized crossover design.The concentrations of Clarithromycin in plasma were determined by LC-MS/MS.With the aid of BAPP2.0,the bioequivalence of the test and reference preparation were calculated by analysis of variance,tow one sided t-test. RESULTS: The pharmacokinetic parameters of the two preparations were as follow: t_max of test drug and reference drug were (2.1±0.6)、(2.0±0.8)h, C_max were(815±191)、(800±200) ng/mL, t_1/2 were(4.0±0.4)、(3.9±0.5) h, AUC_0-24 were (5612±1283)、(5246±1375) ng·h·mL^-1, AUC_0-∞ were (5722±1313)、(5339±1402) ng·h·mL^-1, respectively. The relative bioavailability of the test formulation were (110.5±23.9)%. CONCLUSION: The tested preparation was of bioequivalence to the reference preparation.

Observation of therapeutic effect of GM-1 for HFMD combine with encephalitis

ZHOU Hong-ping, ZHUANG Rang-xiao, SHAO Yi-dan, RU Ren-ping

2012, 17(4):  438-441. 

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AIM: To observe the therapeutic effect of HFMD combine with encephalitis by monosialoteterahexosyl ganglioside (GM-1). METHODS: 139 cases in our hospital from April 2010 to November 2010 were randomly divided into two groups,one with 81 cases as a treatment group and another with 58 cases as control group. All of the two groups were accepted the treatment of GG＋MePr＋MNT+ FSM i.v. within antiviral therapy. The treatment group was added ivgtt of the 5%GS 50 mL with GM-1 20 mg, 10-14 days as one course of treatment. RESULTS: The times of Symptoms improved after treatment, including muscle tension, startle, lethargy, vomiting of treatment group were (8.0±3.2),(4.2±1.0),(3.6±1.3),(2.8±0.8) d, control group were (10.3±3.8),(4.8±1.3),(4.2±1.3),(3.2±1.0) d, each indicator had statistically significant difference (P<0.05). In treatment group,excellence 43 cases, utility 29 cases, ineffective 9 cases,the total effective rate was 88.89%.In control group, excellence 21 cases, utility 22 cases, ineffective 15 cases,the total efficiency rate was 74.14%.The trerapeutic effect of treatment group was better than that of control group (P<0.05). CONCLUSION: GM-1 can rapidly relieve the clinical symptoms, improve the recovery rate, and has no significant adverse reactions, is safe and effective.

Effect of montelukast on the level of urine leukotriene E4 in children with bronchiolitis

YAO Huan-yin, ZHANG Pei-hong, WANG Xiao-xian, WANG Wei, LIU Shu-mei, CHEN Xiao-hong

2012, 17(4):  441-444. 

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AIM: To observe the effects of montelukast on the level of urine LTE4 in children with bronchiolitis. METHODS: Sixty-nine cases of children with bronchiolitis were divided into two groups randomly, a group with montelukast treatment and a group with regular treatment. The treatment effects and the urine LTE 4 level of the two groups were compared. At the same time, 48 cases of children with bronchiolitis in remission were given montelukast or fluticason inhalation, the changes of level on urine LTE4 of the two groups were observed. RESULTS: The period to the disappearance of breath shortness, the disappearance of physical symptoms and the length of stay in hospital of montelukast group were shorter than those in the group with regular treatment(P<0.01).Before the therapy, there was no significant difference of urine LTE4 between the groups of montelukast treatment and regular treatment(P>0.05),the level of urine LTE4 in both group were increased compared with the control group(P<0.01).After therapy, the urine LTE4 level of the montelukast treatment group was decreased obviously compared with those of the regular treatment group(P<0.01). There was no significant difference compared with the comparison group(P>0.05);while the urine LTE4 level of group with regular treatment was higher than those of control group(P<0.01).After the remission of bronchiolitis, the children were given with montelukast or fluticasone propionate inhalation for a month and there was obviously lower level urine LTE4 in the group montelukast treatment than the group with hormone treatment. CONCLUSION: Montelukast can effectively decrease the levels of urine LTE4 in the acute phrase and remission and improve the clinical symptoms of children with bronchiolitis.

Curative effect of MTX combined with mifepristone in the treatment of tubal pregnancy

DING Hua-feng, HE Lian-zhi, SHI Su-hua

2012, 17(4):  445-447. 

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AIM: To observe the effectiveness of methotrexate combined with mifepristone for tubal pregnancy treatment. METHODS: A total of 98 cases of ectopic pregnancy were diagnosed as unrupture tubal pregnancy that be randomly divided into two groups from Jan. 2008 to Jun. 2010, each group 49 cases. Study group was treated with MTX single-dose (50 mg/m²) intramuscular injection combined with mifepristone. Control group was treated with MTX single-dose (50 mg/m²) intramuscular injection only .After treatment, the curative effect and adverse effect between the two groups were compared. RESULTS: The rate of tubal pregnancy package of block reduction and the serumβ-HCG descent exceeded 30% in study group. Less time of average hospitalization in study group significantly differed from the control group (P<0.05). And the lateral oviduct recanalization rate of the study group was 75.0%(24/32),which was higher than that of the control group 64.3%(18/28). CONCLUSION: The combination of single-dose MTX intramuscular injection with mifepristone in treating tubal pregnancy is effective and has minor side effect. The procreation function is reserved and it is acceptable for patients.

Study on effect of ultrasound guided anhydrous ethanol interposing puncture for liver cysts in the senium and presenium

LI Min-li¹, ZHU Ren-min¹, LIN Yong², YANG Miao-fang¹, ZHANG Xiao-hua¹

2012, 17(4):  448-452. 

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AIM: To discuss the curative effect and security of ultrasound guided anhydrous ethanol interposing puncture for senium and presenium with different diameter of the cysts. METHODS: From January 2006 to January 2011, 121 patients with senium and presenium liver cysts were evaluated and treated at our institution. All patients were treated with ultrasound guided anhydrous ethanol interposing puncture for liver cysts. According to the different diameter, all cases were divided into four groups: group A ( 4-5 cm ) in 14 cases, B group (5.1-8 cm ) in 65 cases, group C(8.1-10 cm ) in 23 cases, group D (>10 cm ) in 19 cases, retrospective analysis and postoperative complications were made in the groups. 179 liver cysts were identified and treated, followed up three to six months and one year to observe the efficacy. RESULTS: 23 lesions with group A were treated which was underwent with 91.3% curative rate, 8.7% markedly effective rate and 100% curative effect. The obvious effect rate was significantly higher than that of other groups (P<0.05); 105 lesions with Group B were treated which was underwent with 83.8% curative rate, 10.5% markedly effective rate and 94.3% curative effect. 30 lesions with Group C were treated which was underwent with 76.7% curative rate, 13.3% markedly effective rate and 90% curative effect, and the obvious effect rate was not significantly different compared with group B (P>0.05); 21 lesions with Group D were treated which was underwent with 42.9% curative rate, 38.1% markedly effective rate and 81.0% curative effect. The obvious effect rate was significantly lower than that of other groups (P<0.05). The most common complications was pain, nausea, vomiting, abdominal distension; a few patients presented with fever, drunk like symptoms and abnormal liver function and the higher incidence of bleeding with larger cysts. CONCLUSION: This method might be reliable, safe, convenient, less complicate. It should be effective in the senium and presenium and worth to be used.

Molecular immunological mechanism of abnormal activated T cell in systemic lupus erythematosus

ZHAO Hai-hui, ZHAO Yin-huan

2012, 17(4):  452-457. 

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Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is a systemic autoimmune disease, whose pathogenesis is very complicated. T cells contribute to the initiation and perpetuation of autoimmunity in SLE, and seem to be directly involved in the development of related organ pathology. Abnormal T cell activation could result in cytokine imbalance,the persistence of auto-reactive T cells, increased T cells apoptosis, these changes play pivotal role in SLE pathogenesis. This article presents an overview of the current research of abnormal T cell activation in SLE, include disorder of cell membrane signal, intracellular kinase, and transcription factor,and their effect on the occur and development of SLE.

Advances in pharmocogenetics of platinum neurotoxicity

DENG Jian-hao^1,2, SHI Dao-hua²

2012, 17(4):  458-462. 

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Platinum-based drugs are widely used to treat lung cancer, colorectal cancer, ovarian cancer, breast cancer and other cancers. However, the efficacy of platinum drugs are often restricted due to many serious side effects, especially neurotoxicity. There is a large of interindividual variability in platinum-based drugs induced neurotoxicity. It is thought that drug metabolism-related genetic mutation is one of the important reasons. This review summarizes the relationship between the polymorphisms of genes encoding platinum-based drug transporters, platinum-based drug-metabolizing enzymes and DNA repair enzymes and neurotoxicity of platinum-based drugs.

Pulmonary vascular endothelial injury and pulmonary hypertension

WU Cai-xia, DU Guan-hua

2012, 17(4):  463-471. 

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Pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) is a group of clinical syndrome characterized by increasing pulmonary vascular resistance due to different etiologies and pathogenesis. Potential causes are not clear. More and more studies have shown that pulmonary vascular endothelial injury is the primary factor causing the characteristic pathological changes. In the different periods of PAH, protection of the pulmonary vascular endothelial cells and improvement of endothelial function or restoration of the balance between endogenous vasoactive substances, recovery of vascular endothelial integrity in terms of structure and function, and delay or reversal of the pulmonary vascular proliferation and remodeling processes, have become important goals for treatment of PAH.

Pharmacokinetic interactions of HIV protease inhibitors

GU Rong-rong, SHI Jian, A Ji-ye, WANG Guang-ji

2012, 17(4):  472-480. 

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HIV protease inhibitors are the frontline drugs for the management of acquired immune deficiency syndrome during its long-term therapy. A combined medication of HIV protease inhibitors with other drugs is often used when the patients are accompanied with other diseases or complications. As is known, HIV protease inhibitors have extensive pharmacokinetic effects on cytochrome oxidase P450s and transporters so that drug interactions may take place, which are negative to clinic therapy. In this article, we review the relevant reports on drug interactions between HIV protease inhibitors and other drugs, and amongst themselves, putting more emphasis on mechanism-based pharmacokinetic interaction. Hopefully, this summary can be useful to evaluate clinic regiment designs and improve safety and efficacy of drugs in a combined medication.