Table of Content

Volume 17 Issue 6
26 June 2012

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Effects of PIANTONG capsule fluid extract on hemorheology, thrombus formation in vitro and electroencephalogram of pain-stimulated animals

XU Tun-hai, WEN Ping, LIU Bin, ZHANG Xiao-yong, JIA Su-rong, TAO Xiao-hua

2012, 17(6):  601-608. 

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AIM: To investigate the influence of PIANTONG capsule fluid extract on hemorheology, thrombus formation in vitro and electroencephalographic waves of rats induced by pain stimulation. METHODS: Duplicated the blood stasis animal model with adrenine injection and cold water swimming, observed the effect of PIANTONG capsule fluid extract in treating hemorheology, anti-thrombus in vitro, and electroencephalogram. RESULTS: The fluid extract of PIANTONG capsule fluid extract decreased the whole blood high shear viscosity and low shear viscosity, whole blood reduced viscosity and plasma viscosity (P<0.01 or P<0.05) of rats blood stasis model, inhibited the thrombus formation of rabbits in vitro (P<0.01 or P<0.05), showed better anti-thrombus effect. At the same time, the fluid extract of PIANTONG capsule inhibited the change of electroencephalogram(EEG) which were induced by radiant heat of rat footplate, such as the ratio of δ, α₂ and α₃ frequency (P<0.05), indicated that it has analgesic effect. CONCLUSION: PIANTONG capsule improved hemorrheology of rats, showed upstanding anti-thrombus effects, and manifestly attenuated the abnormal changes of EEG which was induced by pain.

Effects of Epigallocatechin-3-galate on growth inhibition of Reh cell line and methylation of RUNX3 gene

WU Ming-cai, WEI Zhong-ling, JIANG Ming, FANG Ji-yong, BI Fu-yong

2012, 17(6):  609-615. 

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AIM: To investigate the effects of epigallocatechin-3-gallate on the proliferation and the methylation status of Reh cells,and to explore the mechanism of the silencing of tumor suppressor gene RUNX3 and the regulating effect of EGCG on RUNX3 gene expression. METHODS: The cultured Reh cells were incubated with EGCG for different concentrations of 5, 10, 15 and 20 μg/mL, MTT assay was used to analyse the inhibition of cell proliferation by EGCG, cell apoptosis index was examined by flow cytometry, methylation-specific PCR (MSP) analysis was evaluated for the promoter region methylation status of the RUNX3 gene in Reh cell line. The mRNA and protein level of RUNX3 was detected by RT-PCR and western blot. RESULTS: EGCG of different concentrations could significantly inhibit proliferation and increase the apoptosis index of Reh cells in dose-and-time dependent manners. After treated with EGCG, the promoter region methylation status of the RUNX3 gene representing partial demethylation could be detected in Reh cells.RT-PCR and western blot also showed the mRNA level of RUNX3 was increased in dose-and-time dependent manner. CONCLUSION: EGCG could depress the proliferation rate of Reh. The possible mechanism might be its reversing the hypermethylation of RUNX3 gene and activiting the expression of RUNX3 gene.

Effects of diterpenoid curcumrinol C from ether extract of Radix Curcumae on activity of NF-κB and the expression of inflammatory cytokines in LPS-stimulated human gastric cancer SGC7901 cells

SHENG Gui-qin, LV Bin, JIN Hai-feng

2012, 17(6):  616-620. 

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AIM: To observe the effects of diterpenoid curcumrinol C from ether extract of Radix Curcumae on activity of NF-κB and the expression of inflammatory cytokines in LPS-stimulated human gastric cancer SGC7901 cells. METHODS: Cells were normally cultured or incubated with LPS, LPS plus Radix Curcumae. The expression of TNF-α, IL-1β in the culture supernatant was assayed by ELISA. The NF-κB of SGC7901 cell was detected by immunohistochemistry. The protein expressions of P65 and IκBα were assayed by Western blot. RESULTS: LPS induced markedly TNF-α, IL-1β and NF-κB P65 release, and expression of P65 in the nuclear were significantly increased, but the expression of IκBα was lower. With Radix Curcumae given, TNF-α, IL-1β and NF-kB P65 decreased and IκBα increased. CONCLUSION: Radix Curcumae attenuate the inflammatory cytokine secretion in SGC7901 cells by inhibiting actvation of NF-κB.

Expression of multidrug resistance-associated protein 1 in bronchial epithelium of models rat with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and the reversal effects of Huatanjiangqi Capsule on it

WANG Dian-lei, ZHANG Xian, TAO Xiu-hua, CAO Yin, PENG Bo, LI Ze-geng

2012, 17(6):  621-626. 

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AIM: To investigate the effects of Huatanjiangqi Capsule on the expression of multidrug resistance-associated protein 1 in the lung tissues of models rat with Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). METHODS: COPD rat model was established by using smoke exposure composite papain aerosol inhalation. COPD rats were randomly divided into model group and Huatanjiangqi treatment group, and normal rats were as controls. Fifteen days after administration Huatanjiangqi, lung tissues were taken and expressions of MRP1 were determined by RT-PCR and Western blot. RESULTS: Huatanjiangqi Capsule could improve the lung function of COPD models rat. The MRP1 mRNA and protein expression in COPD model group was significantly lower than those in control group (P<0.01). Huatanjiangqi could up-regulate the MRP1 mRNA and protein expression compared with COPD model group (P<0.01). CONCLUSION: Huatanjiangqi Capsule could up-regulate the expression of MRP1 in the lung tissues of COPD models rat. This is probably the mechanism of Huatanjiangqi Capsule in treatment COPD.

Effects of candesartan early or late treatment on angiotensinⅡtype 1 and type 2 receptor expression in type 2 diabetic KK/Ta mice kidney

FAN Qiu-ling, ZHAO Xiao-ming, PU Shi, LI Sa-li, YANG Gang, JIANG Yi, WANG Li-ning

2012, 17(6):  627-633. 

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AIM: To investigate the effects of candesartan, an angiotensin II type 1 receptor blocker (ARB) on angiotensin II type 1 (AT1) and type 2 (AT2) receptor expression in type 2 diabetic KK/Ta mouse kidneys. METHODS: KK/Ta mice divided into three groups were treated with candesartan (4 mg·kg^-1·d^-1) or vehicle from 6 or 12 to 28 weeks of age. BALB/c mice(n=6) treated with vehicle were used as controls. Body weight, blood pressure, blood glucose,urinary microalbumin,urinary creatinine and serum creatinine were measured every four weeks.At 28 weeks, morphometric analysis including the whole glomerular area (WGA), glomerular tuft area (GTA), extracellular matrix area (ECMA) and intraglomerular cell nuclei number (NIGCN) was conducted, and renal expressions of AT1 and AT2 were evaluated by immunohistochemistry and immunofluorescence. RESULTS: KK/Ta mice developed higher body weight, blood glucose, and urinary microalbumin/creatinine ratio in KK/Ta mice at 28 weeks of age were significantly higher than that of BALB/c mice (427.49±89.37 mg/g vs. 9.54±3.25 mg/g,P<0.01). AT1 expression was upregulated, and AT2 expression was downregulated in KK/Ta kidneys with increased WGA, GTA, ECMA and NIGCN. Candesartan treatment has markedly reduced urinary microalbumin/ creatinine ratio (Early treatment group: 32.18±9.41 mg/g,Late treatment group: 53.20±7.26 mg/g,P<0.01). Treatment with candesartan inhibited AT1 expression and increased AT2 expression. Candesartan treatment reduced WGA, GTA, ECMA, NIGCN, and mean blood pressure. There were no significant differences between the two treatment groups (from 6 or 12 weeks). CONCLUSION: The results suggest that candesartan, an ARB, attenuated glomerular hypertrophy and mesangial matrix accumulation and subsequent albuminuria by down-regulating AT1 expression and up-regulating AT2 expression in type 2 diabetic KK/Ta mouse kidneys.

Effects of Rhodiola Rosea on learning and memory in rats after sleep deprivation and the dissection of its mechanism

ZHANG Xiao-xi, ZHENG Han, MA Zhan-sheng, SHI Lu-hang, ZENG Shui-lin

2012, 17(6):  634-638. 

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AIM: To investigate the effects and possible mechanism of Rhodiola Rosea (RR) on learning and memory in rats after sleep deprivation. METHODS: Sleep deprivation was induced by the flower pot technique. Half of each group went through Y-maze test and were detected for superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity and malondialdehyde (MDA) content in hippocampus and frontal lobe. The other half were detected for expression ofcholineacetyltransferase (ChAT) and glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) in hippocampus by immunohistochemistry technique. RESULTS: In Y-maze test, total reaction time (TRT) was shorter and error numbers (EN) were less (P<0.05) in RR group than in model group. SOD activity in both hippocampus and frontal lobe was higher (P<0.05) and MDA content in hippocampus was lower (P<0.05) in RR group than in model group. In immunohistochemistry detection, ChAT expression positive cells were in larger quantity and colored at darker profile with clearer outline and more regular arrangement (P<0.05) in RR group than in model group. GFAP expression positive cells were in smaller quantity and colored at lighter mode with smaller volume and fewer and shorter neurite and branches (P<0.05) in RR group than those in model group. CONCLUSION: RR can protect brain from oxidative damage and neuron injury as well as alleviate the impairment on learning and memory capability caused by sleep deprivation.

Absorption of ⁵⁸iron originating from hemin in rat using extrinsically label method

ZHAO Di, ZHANG Yong-jie, TANG Ming-qing, CHEN Xi-jing

2012, 17(6):  639-643. 

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AIM: To evaluate the pharmacokinetic characteristics and bioavailability of ⁵⁸iron originating from hemin in rats. METHODS: A rapid, sensitive and specific method with inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS) has been developed for the determination of ⁵⁸iron in bio-samples. The study was performed in male rats at a single dose of 40 mg/kg and 2 mg/kg separately by oral administration and intravenous injection. Pharmacokinetic parameters were calculated by non-compartmental method using DAS 2.1.1 program and the dose of ⁵⁸iron was used in the calculation of these parameters. RESULTS: Results showed that ⁵⁸iron originating from hemin was poorly absorbed and the absolutely bioavailability was 0.93%. Plasma concentrations of ⁵⁸iron reached the peak at 1.5 h following oral administration to rats and the peak concentration was (220±89) μg/L. CONCLUSION: This research successfully investigated the pharmacokinetic characteristics of ⁵⁸iron originating from hemin using extrinsically label method and the absolutely bioavailability was evaluated.

The application in electrocardiographic mode of public switched telephone network in community health service centers

GUO Wang-ying, ZHANG Hui-jie, CHENG Shuo-tao, GUO Yue-ping

2012, 17(6):  644-647. 

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AIM: To observe the effect on the application in electrocardiographic mode of public switched telephone network in community health service centers. METHODS: For community hospital for cardiac monitoring sub-station 142 cases of patients with cardiac discomfort symptoms and normal results of ordinary electrocardiogram received ECG monitoring of public switched telephone network 1056 times, doctor was going to analysis, diagnose electrocardiogram and issue a report to guide patients and treatment when information of electrocardiogram were transmitted to hospital central computer. RESULTS: In these 142 cases, 1 case was found early myocardial infarction electrocardiogram changes, and 16 cases were found ischemic ST-T changes, 22 cases were found paroxysmal supraventricular tachycardia, and 12 cases were found Paroxysmal atrial fibrillation, and 8 cases were found Intermittent pre-excitation syndrome, and 35 cases were found atrial premature and (or) ventricular premature,6 cases who had installed permanent pacemaker and 14 cases of patients after coronary artery stent placement did not found new ECG abnormality,28 cases did not found any ECG abnormality. CONCLUSION: Through the ECG monitoring of public switched telephone network can prompt capture the abnormal ECG,to be normal ECG, holter ECG information hard to capture record,provide a valid basis for clinical diagnosis and treatment, to provide early diagnosis of patients with heart disease detection methods.

Effects of exogenous endothelium-dependent hyperpolarizing factor on cerebral ischemia reperfusion injury

JIAO Chuan-an, SONG Biao, CHEN Zhi-wu

2012, 17(6):  648-653. 

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AIM: Hydrogen sulfide (H₂S) is one of the supposed endothelium-dependent hyperpolarizing factor (EDHF), the protective effects of exogenous H₂S, namely exogenous supposed EDHF on cerebral ischemia reperfusion (I/R) injury was observed in present study. METHODS: Sodium hydrosulfide (NaHS) was taken as a donor of H₂S. Focal cerebral I/R injury was caused by occluding the right middle cerebral artery (MCAO) in rats. The numerical data, which were from infarct volume, neurological deficit, brain water content, malondialdehyde (MDA) level and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) activities in serum, were evaluated. HE staining was used to observe brain pathologic changes. RESULTS: 0.195, 0.390, 0.780 mg/kg NaHS markedly ameliorated the neurological deficit, decreased the percentage of infarct volume, reduced the brain water content, and dramatically inhibited the cerebral I/R injury-induced increases of LDH activity and MDA content in serum, improved brain pathologic changes in different degrees. CONCLUSION: NaHS significantly improved the cerebral I/R injury in rats, this suggests exogenous supposed EDHF (H₂S) has a significant protective effect against cerebral I/R injury.

Pharmacokinetic study of minocycline in rat blood and brain using microdialysis technique combined with HPLC

DONG Wen-bin, CHENG Jia-yi, CHEN Ai-ying, ZHENG Gao-li

2012, 17(6):  654-658. 

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AIM: To investigate the pharmacokinetics of minocycline in rat blood and brain. METHODS: Microdialysis technique and HPLC were used to determine the plasma protein binding rate of minocylcine, and the concentrations of free minocycline in the blood and hippocampal CA1 region were determined at different intervals in 10 hours after the rat was received a single injection of minocycline via tail vein. RESULTS: The rat plasma protein binding rate of minocycline is 82.08%.Minocycline crossed the blood-brain barrier rapidly, and the concentration reached its peak (t_max) in 3.83 hours after injection, and then dropped slowly.The ratio of area under the curve (AUC_{0-10 h}) in the brain to that in the blood is up to 62.42%. CONCLUSION: Microdialysis technique combined with HPLC could be utilized to successfully determine the rat plasma protein binding rate of minocycline, and to achieve dynamic monitoring of the free minocycline concentration in rat blood and brain.The results suggest that minocycline could easily across the blood-brain barrier and maintained its concentration at a high level for a long time, thus playing its neuroprotective role.

Population pharmacokinetics of cefaclor in healthy Chinese adult male volunteers

HUANG Ji-han, HUANG Xiao-hui, WANG Kun, LI Jun, ZHENG Qing-shan

2012, 17(6):  659-665. 

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AIM: To develop a population pharmacokinetic model of cefaclor in healthy volunteers and evalute the effect of individual factors on the pharmacokinetics of cefaclor. METHODS: A nonlinear mixed-effect modeling was developed to analyze the data of cefaclor bioequivalence studies in healthy volunteers and calculate the related parameters and inter- and intra variabilties. RESULTS: two-compartment model with first order absorption was fitted to the cefaclor concentration data. The population value of CL, V2, V3, K_A were 0.219 L/min, 35.9 L, 598 L, 0.042 min^-1, respectively. CL was found to be significantly related to the covariate of weight. CONCLUSION: The population pharmacokinetic model can be used to provide accurate individual pharmacokinetic parameters. CL was significantly influenced by the covariate of weight, which showed that it is better to administer drug according to the per kilogram of body weight in clinical practice.

A example introduce: clinical design and quantitative evaluation of ambulatory blood pressure monitoring for once daily antihypertensive drugs

YIN Fang, LI Yun-fei, HUANG Ji-han, LI Lu-jin, ZHENG Qing-shan

2012, 17(6):  666-671. 

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AIM: To explore the operation points and quantitative measures of clinical trial of once daily antihypertensive drugs using 24 h ambulatory blood pressure monitoring (24 h ABPM) to evaluate 24 h antihypertensive coverage. METHODS: Combined with the literature and international guideline, the collecting and recording methods of ABPM data and the calculation of trough: peak (T/P) ratios are introduced. The T/P ratios and smoothness index (SI) are analysed with primary data simulated from a real example. RESULTS: The values of individual T/P ratios are more evident than the global T/P ratios'. The T/P ratios and SI values of SBP of ABPM responders show statistical significant differences between two groups. Nevertheless the corresponding indexes of two groups are comparable for all subjects. CONCLUSION: Both the global and individual T/P ratios should be calculated and considered when evaluating the duration of action of antihypertensive agents. We should separately analysis the whole subjects and ABPM responders.

Clinical Phase I Pharmacokinetics of rhproUK

SONG Hai-jing, YANG Wei-zhi, ZHANG Zhuo-mei, OU Lun, Chen Fang, Wang Qing-qing, DONG Li-hou, LIU Xiu-wen

2012, 17(6):  672-676. 

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AIM: To investigate pharmacokinetics of rhproUK in healthy subjects. METHODS: ELISA and ELISA combined with chromogenic substrated method were used to determinate the plasma concentration of uPA, sc-uPA and plasminogen activity. RESULTS: The ratio of AUC of uPA and sc-uPA is 1∶2.1 ∶3.3 and 1 ∶1.9 ∶2.9 after single administration of rhproUK in the healthy subjects at the dose of 20,40 and 60 mg per person,AUC and C_max increase with dosage increasment, there are no significant difference in CLS、VSS、MRT、t_1/2 and t_max between three groups.The increasment of AUC and C_max in plasminogen activity are more than the increasment proportion of dosage, the ratio of Cmax and AUC is 1∶2.3∶3.9　and 1∶2.9∶4.7, showed non-linear increasment. CLS and Vd reduce with dosage increasement. CONCLUSION: The course of u-PA, sc-uPA in healthy subjects fitted with the linear pharmacokinetics model in the range from 20 to 60 mg per person, But plasminogen activity showed slightly non-linear pharmacokinetics.

Effect of carbachol and thymosin on the function of cell-ular immune in patients with multiple organ dysfunction

CHENG Ai-bin, SHANG Xiu-juan, WANG Rui-gang, DIAO Zeng-li, ZHANG Jun-wei

2012, 17(6):  677-681. 

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AIM: To study carbachol and thymosin on cellular immune function in patients with MODS. METHODS: 208 cases of MODS patients were selected, which were randomly divided into the normal treatment group, carbachol group, thymosin group and the combined treatment group. Using flow cytometry to test the changes of CD₁₄⁺ monocots human leukocyte antigen DR (HLA-DR) and Lymphocyte apoptosis. RESULTS: Normal treatment group was compared with the other treatment groups, the difference was statistically significant (P<0.05); carbachol group was compared with the thymosin group, the difference was not statistically significant (P>0.05); the combination therapy group comparing with other groups,the difference was also significant (P<0.05). Carbachol and thymosin can enhance immune function in patients with MODS, combined treatment doing better effect. CONCLUSION: Carbachol and thymosin has some clinical value on the treatment of MODS.

Clinical observation on the treatment of nonalcoholic steatohepatitis with liver soothing and lipid reducing decoction

ZHU Jun-feng, LIN Yan, LI Yong, YU Sheng

2012, 17(6):  682-686. 

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AIM: To investigate the therapeutic effects of the liver soothing and lipid reducing decoction on nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH). METHODS: Eighty NASH patients were assigned to two groups randomly and forty in the treatment group accepted the liver soothing and lipid reducing decoction while forty in the control group were treated with Essentiale. Both of the two groups' course of treatment were three months.The therapeutic effects were observed and the test index of liver function, blood lipids and liver B ultrasound of the two groups were examined before and after the treatment.The adverse drug reaction of all patients were observed and recorded for drug safety evaluation. RESULTS: The total effective rate were 87.5% in the treatment group and 65% in the control group (P<0.05). The levels of ALT, AST and γ-GT were decreased significantly after the treatment in both groups (P<0.05) and compared with the control group,there were significant difference (P<0.05). The levels of TC, TG were decreased significantly after the treatment in both groups (P<0.05) but no statistically significant difference were found between the two groups(P>0.05).The liver B ultrasound disease classification was improved significantly in both groups (P<0.05), and more significantly in the treatment group (P<0.05). No adverse reactions were observed in both groups. CONCLUSION: The liver soothing and lipid reducing decoction can improve the liver function and reduce the blood lipids, and ameliorate the clinical symptoms of NASH.

Clopidogrel prevent late malfunction in tunneled cuffed hemodialysis catheters

LIAO Chun-xing, PAN Qiao-ling, YANG Jian-quan, ZHU De-xia, ZHANG Jun

2012, 17(6):  687-690. 

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AIM: To investigate the efficiency and safety of clopidogrel in preventing late malfunction in tunneled cuffed hemodialysis catheters. METHODS: 124 hemodialysis patients with tunneled cuffed hemodialysis catheters were randomly assigned to receive clopidogrel 50 mg per day or clopidogrel 100 mg per day and placebo, all followed for 6 months. The catheter function, use of urokinase, blood clotting index and medicine side-effect in three groups were compared. RESULTS: After treatment, the incidence rate of the catheter malfunction, the days of first intervention and the rate of use with the urokinase were all significantly decreased in clopidogrel 50 mg per day and clopidogrel 100 mg per day (P<0.05). The count of PLT in clopidogrel 100 mg per day was less than those in clopidogrel 50 mg per day(P<0.05).The time of PT and APTT in clopidogrel 100 mg per day was longer than those in clopidogrel 50 mg per day (P<0.05). CONCLUSION: The clopidogrel 50 mg per day could prevent the late malfunction in tunneled cuffed hemodialysis catheters.

Clinical observation on treating polycystic ovary syndrome with sterility with Guizhifulin capsule and Diane-35 and clomifene citrate

YE Hui-jun, JIANG Yan-jiao, LI Ai-ping, YU Yuan

2012, 17(6):  691-695. 

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AIM: To observe the clinical effect of Guizhifulin capsule, together with Diane-35 and clomifene citrate on polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) with sterility. METHODS: From February 2009 to February 2011, 60 PCOS patients with sterility who visiting the out-patient clinic of Obstetrics and Gynecology Sterility Department, Second Affiliated Hospital, Chinese Medical University,were enrolled to be divided randomly into control group (Diane-35+clomifene citrate) and treatment group (Guizhifulin capsule + Diane-35+clomifene citrate).Before and after 3 months treatment, the changes of the following items were observed: body mass index(BMI),waist-to-hip ratio(WHR), hairness score, acne score, volume of ovary,total testosterone(TT),luteinizing hormone (LH), LH-to-Follicular Stimulating Hormone(FSH) ratio,fasting plasma glucose (FPG),fasting insulin(FINS). Additionally, the ovulation rate and pregnancy rate were detected after 3 treatments. RESULTS: (1)There was no statistical difference in WHR, hairness score,acne score between the treatment group and the control group. The volume of ovary was smaller both in the treatment group and control group. BMI was statistically decreased in the treatment group(P<0.05), and no in control group.(2)After treatment,there were statistically decrease in LH,LH-to-FSH ratio, TT ,and increase in SHBG both in treatment group and control group(P<0.05).There was statically decrease in FINS in treatment group(P<0.05), and no in control group(P>0.05).(3)The rate of ovulation and pregnancy was more in treatment group than that in control group, but there was no statisically difference (P>0.05). CONCLUSION: Guizhifulin capsule and Diane-35 and clomifene citrate are able to improve the status of genito-endocrine, glycolipin metabolism, sensitivity to CC and the rate of ovulation and pregnancy.

Research on the effective of high density array type of surface EMG technique to detect the lateral bending reflex for children with cerebral palsy

LI Zhi-qi, QIAN Ling-ling, TANG Jiu-lai, CHEN Xiang, XUE Mei, LU Zhi-yuan, JIANG Jun-hong, WU De

2012, 17(6):  696-699. 

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AIM: Although lateral bending reflex is important nerve behavior detection for children with cerebral palsy, the positive rate of it is concerned with the experience of the clinician; a new simple monitoring method is need. METHODS: 24 children with cerebral palsy and positive of lateral bending reflection were enrolled as positive group, 30 normal children with negative of lateral bending reflex were arranged as negative group (which were conformed by the deputy director of two or more physicians independent identification).The strength of lateral bending reflection in two groups was measured by a high density array type of surface EMG technique. RESULTS: The MMAV (quantitative strength indicators of lateral bending reflex) in the positive group (48.9±17.4) mV was significantly highly than that of in the negative group (3.1±1.2) mV (t=11.750, P<0.01). CONCLUSION: The condition of lateral bending reflection can be tested qualitatively and quantitatively by surface electromyography, it is worthy of clinical application.

Additive effect of 23-valent pneumococcal polysaccharide vaccine and influenza vaccine on acute exacerbation in older patients with chronic lung disease

DU Jian-zong, LIU Xiao-li, ZHAO Tian, GU Liang, QIN Guang-yue

2012, 17(6):  700-702. 

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AIM: To assess the effectiveness of 23-valent penumococcal polysaccharide vaccine (PV) and influenza vaccine (IV) for preventing acute exacerbation in older patients with chronic lung diseases (CLD). METHODS: An open-label, randomized, controlled study among 192 older patients with CLD in a stable condition over a 1-year period was designed. Subjects were randomly assigned to a PV+ IV group (n=97) or an IV group (n=95). On base line survey, both groups were followed up one year about the time to the first episode of acute exacerbation after the enrollment in this study. RESULTS: The number of older patients with CLD experiencing infectious acute exacerbation(χ²＝6.659,P=0.010), but not death(χ²＝0.597,P=0.440), was significantly lower in the PV+ IV group compared with the IV group. In older patients with CLD, the Kaplan-Meier survival curves demonstrated a significant difference for infectious acute exacerbation(log-rank test,χ²＝8.065,P=0.005) between the two groups. CONCLUSION: This study demonstrated an additive effect of PV in combination with IV on infectious acute exacerbation of older patients with CLD.

Research advances of Histamine Pharmacogenomics

SHI Pan-pan, HE Gong-hao, XU Gui-li

2012, 17(6):  703-708. 

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Histamine, one of the essential active substances of the autologous, which involves in the physiological and pathological procedures by every receptor.Along with the completion of the HGP project and the human haplotype diagram, the genic polymorphism and the correlation of the disease concerned with the histamine becomes a hot subject in both domestic and international academy. This article summarizes the present study of the histamine with its relative genic polymorphism, aiming to provide a systematic and fundamental document for the follow-up research of Histamine.

Role of microRNA-21 in cardiovascular diseases

WU Wei-hua, HU Chang-ping

2012, 17(6):  709-714. 

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MicroRNA-21 (miR-21) is abundantly expressed in almost all tissues and involved in many diseases. It is reported recently that expression of miR-21 is changed in many cardiovascular diseases, such as atherosclerosis, pulmonary hypertension, heart failure and myocardial ischemia. MiR-21 also participates in functional regulation of vascular smooth muscle cells, endothelial cells, cardiac myocytes and cardiac fibroblasts. All these effects of miR-21 are mediated by directing at multiple targets. There are increasing evidence suggesting that miR-21 plays a crucial role in cardiovascular diseases and may be a potential therapeutic target.

Advances of the influence of chronic renal failure on the pharmacokinetics

HUANG Yuan-yuan, ZHANG Hao, YI bing, FU Zhi-min, YANG Guo-ping

2012, 17(6):  715-720. 

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The chronic renal failure(CRF) is one of the common diseases in clinic. CRF affects the pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of drug which either eliminate by renal or by nonrenal routes. The tests in vivo and in vitro demonstrated that renal impairment especially end-stage renal disease (ESRD) not only decreased the excretion by kidney, but also the alterations in the activities of and interplay between uptake and efflux transporters and metabolic enzymes significantly affected the PK disposition and resulting exposure of drugs cleared through nonrenal. CRF can directly inhibit the activity of various metabolic enzymes and transporters and in the other sides the CRF can down-regulate the mRNA and protein expression of metabolic enzymes and multiple intestinal and hepatic drug transporters. The reasons of those inhibition effects need more researches. The hemodialysis can partially offset or reverse this kinds of inhibition and dialysis clearance exist in the patient with ESRD.