Table of Content

Volume 17 Issue 9
26 September 2012

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Protection of Panax Japonicus extract against acute alcoholic liver injury in mice

WANG Hong-wu, LI Shou-chao, HE Hai-bo, ZENG Xiao, DI Guo-jie, ZHANG Chang-cheng, YU Feng-hua, HE Yu-min, YUAN Ding

2012, 17(9):  961-966. 

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AIM: To investigate the protective effects of Panax Japonicus extract(PJE)on ethanol-induced liver injury in mice. METHODS: KM mice were randomly divided into five groups as below: normal control group,model group, PJE high-dose group, PJE low-dose group and silybin group. The levels of serum alanine aminotransferase(ALT), aspartate aminotransferase(AST), and triglyceride(TG)were assayed.The activity of liver Superoxide Dismutase(SOD), Glutathione Peroxidase(GSH-Px) and malondialdehyde(MDA)content were measured, and liver histopathology was also examined. Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) was applied to detect the mRNA expression of SOD₁ and GPX₁ gene. RESULTS: Compared with normal control group, the liver dysfunction and hepatic tissue damage as well as enhancement of lipid peroxidation in the model group,and the levels of ALT,AST,AST in serum were increased,the activity of SOD and GSH-Px in liver were decreased,and the content of MDA was increased,there were statistical difference (P<0.05 or P<0.01). Compared with the model group,the serum levels of ALT, AST and TG were decreased in the PJE high-dose group, PJE low-dose group and silybin group, and the activity of SOD and GSH-Px in liver were increased,the content of MDA was decreased;Moreover, the mRNA expressions of SOD₁ and GPX₁ in liver tissue increased marketly, there were statistical difference (P<0.05 or P<0.01).CONCLUSION: PJE has obvious protective effects on acute alcoholic liver injury in mice via attenuating hepatic lipid peroxidation,and the mechanism maybe up-regulate the mRNA expression of SOD₁ and GPX₁ gene.

Effects of COX-2 overexpression on hippocampal neuronal damage induced by aluminum in rat

WU Ke, XIE Ling-Yao, YANG Jun-qin

2012, 17(9):  967-971. 

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AIM: To study the relationship between COX-2 overexpression and hippocampal neuronal damage induced by aluminum. METHODS: Neonatal SD rats less than 24 h were used to establish the model of primary cultured hippocampal neuron treated aluminum overload(200 μmol/L). The primary cultured hippocampal neurons were transfected by adenovirus over expressing COX-2.The expression of COX-2 protein in hippocampal neurons was measured by Western Blot. The SOD and LDH activities and MDA contents were detected respectively. The cell viability was measured by MTT.The fluorescence detection was used to observe the change of neuronal pathomorphology. RESULTS: The transfection of adenovirus overexpressing COX-2 significantly increased the expression of COX-2 protein(P<0.01),without effects on neuronal pathomorphology, cell viability, the SOD activity and MDA content. However, it remarkably increased damage to neurons induced by aluminum overload.CONCLUSION: Acertain degree of COX-2 overexpression may not cause serious injury of neurons, but can increase the damage susceptibility of neurons undergoing aluminum overload.

Prevention effect of 4-HPR on bladder tumor in SD rats: An in vivo experiment

SHEN Qun-shan, HUANG Hou-bao, PAN Cai-ming, XUE Jun, CAI Zhang-yu, WANG Xiao, JIANG Shu-chuan

2012, 17(9):  972-977. 

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AIM: To observe the curative effect of 4-HPR on bladder tumor using bladder tumor model induced by MNU in SD rats. METHODS: 70 SD rats was randomly divided into 5 groups: control group (Group A), module group (Group B), mould processing group (Group C, Group D, Group E). The bladder perfusion of treatment group was instilled 4-HPR, ADM and BCG respectively. A week after administration, the SD rats were put to death. The immunohistochemistry was used to detecte the expression of COX-2 and MVD, and the TUNEL technique was applied to examine apoptosis.RESULTS: The results of pathological specimens indicated that the 4-HPR, ADM and BCG inducing tumor had an obvious intervention effect (P<0.05); Besides, the 4-HPR could inhibit the expression of COX-2, the generation of capillaries, and the spur of apoptosis tumor cells (P<0.05).CONCLUSION: The 4-HPR, ADM and BCG to MNU had an intervention effect in carcinogenic process. The 4-HPR had no significant differences in anticancer effect compared with other groups, but had less side effect than the other groups.

The inhibitory effect of juglone on the metastasis of skin melanoma cell line B16F10

CHEN Li, ZHANG Jian, WANG Si-ying, HUANG De-wu, GU Wei-wang

2012, 17(9):  978-982. 

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AIM: To investigate the inhibitory effect of juglone on the metastasis of skin melanoma cell line B16F10. METHODS: B16-F10 cells were injected into the tail veins of C57BL/6 mice to establish an experimental lung metastasis model, and the effect of juglone on lung metastasis was observed.RESULTS: The number of metastases in the animals that were given juglone 4.5,3,1.5 and 7.5 mg·kg^-1·d^-1 was significantly reduced as compared with the vehicle control(P<0.05),and the inhibition rates were 27.30%, 55.35%, 31.52%, 25.34%, respectively.Compared with the positive control group, the inhibitory rate of 3 mg/kg juglone was no significant difference (P>0.05). CONCLUSION: Juglone could inhibit melanoma metastasis of B16F10.

Effect of Rhubarb on intestinal bacterial translocation in rats with hyperlipoidemia and acute pancreatitis

CHEN Wei, SUN Jia-yan, TAN Ding-yu

2012, 17(9):  983-987. 

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AIM: To observe the effect of rhubarb on intestinal bacterial translocation in rats with hyperlipoidemia and acute pancreatitis. METHODS: 60 SD rats were randomly divided into 5 groups: control group, AP group, HLAP group, AP treatment group, HLAP treatment group. We established rats model of AP and HLAP, rats in treatment groups were treated by rhubarb. The levels of serum amylase and triglyceride, intesital permeability, mucosa structure of small intestine were checked. Portal vein blood, pancreas and mesenteric lymph node were collected for 16s rRNA gene and culture. RESULTS: The levels of serum amylase in HLAP group and HLAP treatment group were lower than in AP group and AP reatment group 24h after the operation (P<0.05). The serum amylase 6 days after the operation in both treatment groups were lower than those 24 h after the operation (P<0.01). The levels of serum triglyceride were significant high in HLAP group and HLAP treatment group compared to the other 3 groups 24 h after the operation (P<0.01), the levels in all 5 groups fell 6 days after the operation and it was most obvious in HLAP treatment group. L/M was higher in HLAP group than in AP group 3d after the operation (P<0.05). L/M in AP treatment group was lower than in AP group (P<0.05), and L/M in HLAP treatment group was lower than in HLAP group (P<0.01). In AP group and HLAP group, villi of small intestine was engorged and destroyed, proper layer was infiltrated by inflammatory cells ,mucosa damage was mild in both treatment groups. Positive rate of culture and 16s rRNA gene in HLAP group were significantly higher than AP group (P<0.01). Positive rate in AP treatment group and HLAP treatment group were lower than AP group and HLAP group respectively (P<0.01).CONCLUSION: Compared to AP ,the intestinal bacterial translocation in HLAP is severe. Rhubarb can treat hyperlipoidemia in HLAP, and it has obvious effect on intestinal bacterial translocation.

A sensitive and specific UPLC-MS/MS analysis and preliminary pharmacokinetic characterization of S-oxiracetam in Beagle dogs

WANG Wu-san, JI Hui, XIE Hai-tang, DAI Min, JIA Yuan-wei, LIANG Da-hu, YE Lei, RONG Zu-yuan

2012, 17(9):  988-995. 

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AIM: To develop a sensitive and specific ultra performance liquid chromatography-electrospray ionization-tandem mass spectrometry (UPLC-ESI-MS/MS) method for the identification and quantification of S-oxiracetamin in Beagle dog plasma.METHODS: The method involved the addition of piracetam as internal standards, protein-precipitation, UPLC separation, and quantification by MS/MS system using positive electrospray ionization in the multiple reaction monitoring mode (MRM). An HP Amide C₁₈ column (100 mm×3.00 mm, 5 μm) was used as the analytical column, while a mixture of methanol-water was used as the mobile phase. The precursor/product ion transitions selected were m/z 159.0/114.1 for S-oxiracetam and m/z 143.0/126.1 for I.S.RESULTS: The lower limit of quantification of S-oxiracetam was 0.05 μg/mL.The method was linear in the concentration range of 0.05-50 μg/mL.The intra-day and inter-day precisions (RSD) were within 15.0% for the analytes. S-oxiracetam was proved to be stable during all sample storage, preparation and analytical periods.The method was successfully applied to a pharmacokinetic study in dogs after intragastric administration of S-oxiracetam with a dose of 50 mg/kg.CONCLUSION: The proposed method enables unambiguous identification and quantification for the preliminary pharmacokinetic studies of S-oxiracetam.

Effects of quercetins extracted and isolated from flos sophorae immaturus and apoptosis in MCF-7 human breast cancer cell in vitro

ZHANG Hai-ying, XU Shui-ling, ZHANG Li-heng

2012, 17(9):  995-1000. 

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AIM: To investigate the effects of quercetins extracted and isolated from the flos sophorae immaturus and apoptosis in MCF-7 human breast cancer cell. METHODS: With the alkali-soluble acid precipitation methods, the quercetins were extracted from flos sophorae immaturus and were identificated by Infrared spectrophotometry. Colorimetric MTT assay was used to measure the prolification inhibitions of the quercetin in MCF-7 cells. The apoptosis of treated cells were examined by DNA agarose gel electrophoresis analysis of DNA fragmentation and flow cytometry using fluorescein labeling FITC- Annexin V/PI, respectively.RESULTS: MTT results showed that the different doses of quercetin can inhibit the growth of MCF-7 cells in dose- and time-dependent significantly(P<0.05). The characteristic bands of apoptosis by DNA electrophoresis were found in MCF-7 cells treated by quercetin at 10.0 mmol/L for 2 d. The rates of apoptosis of MCF-7 cells which were treated with quercetin at 10.0 mmol/L for 1 d, 2 d and 3 d were (9.2±1.5)%, (30.0±11.8)% and (60.8±10.6)%, respectively. CONCLUSION: The quercetins can be purified from the flos sophorae immaturus with the alkali-soluble acid precipitation methods. The quercetin can inhibit the growth and apoptosis in MCF-7 cells.

Vasodilation effect of MC-002 and its possible mechanisms

BAO Xu, LI Chen-hui, XU Jun, WU Yu-lin

2012, 17(9):  1001-1006. 

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AIM: To investigate the vasodilation effect of MC-002 and its possible mechanisms. METHODS: The relaxation effect of MC-002 on rat aortic rings which was pre-constricted by norepinephrine or high-potassium Krebs’solution was measured and the influences of pretreatment with NG-Nitroarginine Methyl Ester (L-NAME), methylene blue, indometacin, glibenclamide ,apamin, barium chloride and 4-aminopyridine on this vasorelaxation effect were observed.RESULTS: MC-002(3-300μmol/L) showed a concentration-dependent dilation effect on rat aortic rings pre-constricted by norepinephrine. Endothelium denudation, pretreatment with methylene blue and indometacin incubation significantly blunted this effect whereas L-NAME did not affect it.Pre-incubation of glibenclamide or apamin, rather than Barium chloride or 4-aminopyridine, apparently inhibited vasodilation effect of MC-002 antagonizing high-potassium Krebs’ solution.The CaCl₂-induced contraction curves of endothelium-denuded arteries stimulated with norepinephrine(300 nmol/L ) in calcium-free medium were significantly shifted to the right and downward, in comparison with controls after pre-incubation with MC-002(10^-5 and 10^-4 mol/L) in a concentration-dependent manner.CONCLUSION: MC-002 had a vasorelaxation effect mediated by guanylate cyclase and cyclooxygenase pathway which was endothelium-dependent, and opening of KATP and SKCa channels which caused hyperpolarization along with the inhibition of calcium influx in smooth muscle cells could contribute to endothelium-independent relaxation.

Anaphylactoid reaction based on RBL -2H3 cell model in vitro

ZHAO Yin, LI Qin, ZHENG Xiao-liang, ZHANG Xin-yue

2012, 17(9):  1007-1009. 

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AIM: To observe the effects of C48/80 on RBL-2H3 cell degranulation orthogonal test, optimize the experimental conditions and discuss the possible detection methods of anaphylactoid reaction . METHODS: The β-hexosaminidase assay of RBL-2H3 cells incubated with C48/80 were tested by orthogonal test considering two laboratorial factors time and cell concentration.According the results the optimized cell model in vitro were set up and disscus the superior and the inferior aspects between different detection means.RESULTS: Different concentrations and time could make significance difference on RBL-2H3 cell model with degranulation.CONCLUSION: Anaphylactoid reaction based on RBL -2H3 cell model in vitro could be built up on the cell concentration of 2×10⁵ under 60 minutes incubation time , which may be appropriate conditions in order to get stable cell model because the degranualtion was significantly increased and dose-dependent under this condition.

The quantitative evaluation of the Zexie Tiaozhi granule formulation through multiple regression model

HUANG Ji-han, YIN Fang, LI Yun-fei, HE Ying-chun, ZHANG Mi, LIU Cheng-hai, LIU Hong-xia

2012, 17(9):  1010-1014. 

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AIM: The nonlinear mixed effect model (NONMEM) was applied in the analysis of Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) formula, based on the data of different compatibility of Zexie Tiaozhi granule in treatment of hyperlipidemia rat model. The compatible regularity of Zexie Tiaozhi granule was evaluated quantitatively and the result can be used as a reference to formula optimization. METHODS: The four main compositions of Zexie Tiaozhi granule were combined in uniform design and analyzed by NONMEM. The TG in serum was treated as the pharmacodynamics index.RESULTS: Final model suggested that X₁ was the primary effective composition and X₃ was an antagonistic composition. The dose-effect relationship of X₂ and X₄ was not clear, and the efficacy was mainly expressed in the interaction between compositions. Based on the above, we recommended that the formula will perform maximum efficacy when X₁, X₂ and X₄ take the maximum dose and X₃ take the minimum dose. CONCLUSION: The application of NONMEM in analysis of TCM formula can investigate the interactions among compositions and the random effects like inter individual and intra individual variations comprehensively, which can provide vast quantities of information.

Optimal sampling methods in pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic studies

LI Yan, SUN He

2012, 17(9):  1014-1021. 

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Optimal sampling strategies were concerned in many pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic researches. The principles, procedures, characteristics and computational methods of D-optimality, limited sampling using multiple linear regression, and limited sampling using maximum a posteriori Bayesian estimation (MAPB) are presented and compared in this review. Several typical application examples of optimal sampling and partial available software are provided in this article.

Correlation analysis of olanzapine plasma concentrations and individual intrinsic factors based on PLS model

YU Ling-yan, LOU Hong-gang, RUAN Zou-rong, JIANG Bo, CHEN Jin-liang

2012, 17(9):  1022-1025. 

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AIM: To evaluate the relationship between olanzapine plasma concentrations and individual intrinsic factors. METHODS: The concentrations of olanzapine in plasma were determined by LC-MS/MS method. The PLS model was used to analysis the correlation between AGE, BMI, WBC, RBC, PLT, HB, Cr, BUN,TP, ALB,AKP, ALT and C_max. RESULTS: Positive correlations between C_max and BMI, WBC, BUN, TP, ALT and negative correlation between C_max and RBC, PLT, HB, Cr, ALB, AKP were observed. Among the total, significant correlations were observed with BMI,WBC,RBC,BUN,TP. Successful fitting result was proved with predictive modeling analysis. CONCLUSION: Individual intrinsic factors should affect C_max of olanzapine,which provided a useful tool for individualized drug therapy.

Validation and comparison of warfarin stable dosage prediction algorithms in Chinese patients undergoing heart valve replacement

TAN Sheng-lan, PENG Juan, ZHOU Xin-min, SONG Guo-bao, LIU Li-ming, ZHANG Wei, LIU Zhao-qian, ZHOU Hong-hao, LI Zhi

2012, 17(9):  1026-1033. 

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AIM: To validate and compare 12 previously published warfarin stable dosage prediction algorithms and the fixed dosing regimen (2.5 mg/d) as applied to our patients undergoing heart valve replacement (HVR). METHODS: 804 Chinese HVR patients on stable maintenance dose of warfarin were enrolled from our hospital. Comprehensive clinical data were collected. 2 mL blood sample was drawn from each patient for VKORC1-1639G>A and CYP2C9^*3 genotype analyses by pyrosequencing method. 12 previously published algorithms were selected from Pubmed database for validation and comparison. The performance of all the algorithms was determined by mean absolute error (MAE) and percentage of ideal/under/over prediction.RESULTS: 9 algorithms and the fixed dosing method showed a MAE less than±1.0 mg/d, of which the Gage, Wen and Ohno algorithms had the lowest MAE. 8 algorithms and the fixed dosing regimen showed more than 40% of ideal prediction, of which the Wen, Huang and Gage algorithms showed the highest percentage of ideal prediction. Sensitivity analysis demonstrated that these algorithms had better prediction for the medium-dose (>1.88 and <4.38 mg/d) and high-dose (≥4.38 mg/d) patients but showed poor performance for the low-dose (≤1.88 mg/d) patients.The ideal prediction of the fixed dosing regimen for both low-dose and high-dose patients was 0.CONCLUSION: Genotype-guided warfarin dosage prediction algorithms could accurately predict most of our patients, therefore these algorithms may be potentially useful in clinical practice.

Effect of different doses of atorvastatin on cardiovascular complications in patients with type 2 diabetes

LI Yin, LI Jing-feng, LI Shi-guang, WANG Hou-yang, WANG Cao, CHEN Liang-yu, LU Ming-kui, CAI Da-wei

2012, 17(9):  1033-1037. 

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AIM: To investigate the effect of different doses of atorvastatin on cardiovascular complications in patients with type 2 diabetes. METHODS: 150 cases of type 2 diabetes patients were randomly divided into three groups, control group,conventional lipid-lowering group (atorvastatin 20 mg/d), intensive lipid-lowering group 50 cases (atorvastatin 40 mg/d)(n=50).The conventional therapies in three groups including antiplatelet therapy and hypoglycemic therapy (drugs and/or insulin).All groups were followed up for 3 years, investigate the effect between three groups in cardiovascular complications. RESULTS: Compared with control group,after treatment,the levels of TC and LDL-C were decreased and the levels of HDL-C were increased in conventional lipid-lowering group and intensive lipid-lowering group(P<0.01). After treatment,the TC,LDL-C decreased level and the HDL-C elevated level between conventional lipid-lowering group and intensive lipid-lowering group showed significantly difference(P<0.01). Compared with the control group,the proportion of major cardiovascular complications in 3 years was decreased significantly in the intensive lipid-lowering group and conventional lipid-lowering group(P<0.05). Compared with the conventional lipid-lowering group,the proportion of cardiovascular complications in the intensive lipid-lowering group was decreased significantly (P<0.05).CONCLUSION: Atorvastatin can decrease the cardiovascular complications in patients with type 2 diabetes,the effect of intensive lipid-lowering is better,and has no adverse reaction.

Efficacy and safety study of the donepezil combined olanzapine flow in the treatment of behavioral and psychological symptoms of dementia

ZHANG Yu-qi, XU Wen-wei, CHENG Zao-huo, WU Yue, GU Jun, TANG Li, JI Ping, LI Gui-lin

2012, 17(9):  1038-1041. 

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AIM: To investigate the efficacy and safety of donepezil combined olanzapine or single olanzapine in the treatment of behavioral and psychological symptoms. METHODS: 103 dementia patients with behavioral and psychological symptoms were randomly divided into donepezil combined olanzapine group and the single olanzapine group. The mini-mental state examination (MMSE) score were evaluated before treatment and the end of the study. The efficacies were evaluated in 2,4,6,8 weekend of the treatment by reduced rate of the behavioral pathology in Alzheimer's Disease Scale (BEHAVE-AD), ≥60% was markedly effective, ≥ 30% was effective, <30% was not effective. The treatment emergent symptom scale (TESS) assessment record treatment of the adverse drug reactions. RESULTS: The MMSE scores of donepezil combined olanzapine group increased more than two scores after the end than before treatment, it was statistically significant differences(t=2.060,P<0.05). The BEHAVE-AD scale scores of two groups before and after treatment compared to the fourth weekend were significantly decreased, there were statistically significant (P<0.01 or P<0.05). The effective rate was 88.46% and the markedly effective rate was 67.31% in donepezil combined olanzapine group.The effective rate was 70.59%, and the markedly effective rate was 45.10% in alone olanzapine group .There were statistically significant (χ²=5.067, P<0.05; χ²=5.701, P<0.05). There were no adverse drug reactions that can not tolerate. CONCLUSION: It is safe and effective that donepezil combined olanzapine treat behavioral and psychological symptoms of dementia patients, and better than single olanzapine.

Quetiapine(QUE) augmentation of selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) on initial phase for drugfree obsessive-compulsive disorder(OCD):about dropout

WANG Ji-hui, WU Xiao-li, GAN Zhao-yu, WEN Sheng-lin

2012, 17(9):  1042-1047. 

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AIM: To evaluate the impact of quetiapine augmentation of selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) on dropout in drugfree obsessive-compulsive disorder(OCD) patients in real practice. METHODS: 146 drugfree OCD patients who were prescribed SSRIs either alone or with quetiapine on initial phase were investigated retrospectively about dropout and relevant information. Dropout was defined as treatment interruption prior to the end of the first 12 week treatment period. Symptom Checklist-90 (SCL-90) were assessed on baseline. Chisquare and Mann-Whitney tests were used to compare the difference between dropouts and completers. Prediction of dropout was conducted using logistic regression analysis. Variables with a P value<0.05 with respect to the difference between dropouts and completers in this initial analysis were included in the logistic regression analysis where dropout was the response variable. RESULTS: The patients who were prescribed SSRIs+QUE on initial phase were less likely to drop out than those who were prescribed only SSRIs(dropout rates, 40% vs 70.4%,χ²=9.37,P<0.01). According to the result of the logistic regression analysis, the initial prescription type(P<0.01)and the severity of pretreatment OCD symptoms(P<0.01) were significantly associated with the probability of dropout. CONCLUSION: SSRIs+QUE therapy on initial phase could decrease the dropout from treatment for drugfree OCD patients, which meant OCD patients would have more chance to benefit from continuing treatment .

A retrospective study of risperidone oral solution versus olanzapine tablets in treating brain organic mental disorders

ZHONG Zhi-yong, ZHANG Ming, WANG Ji-hui, WU Xiao-li

2012, 17(9):  1047-1051. 

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AIM: To retrospectively evaluate the efficacy and safety of risperidone oral solution and olanzapine tablets in treating brain organic mental disorders. METHODS: A total of 133 patients, who met diagnostic criteria of CCMD-3 for brain organic mental disorders and were hospitalized in department of psychiatry from May 2007 to May 2011, included 62 patients in risperidone oral solution group and 71 patients in olanzapine tablets group. On the pre-treatment and at the end of the 4th week of treatment, all patients were assessed by Brief Psychiatric Rating Scale(BPRS), Scale for the Assessment of Negative Symptoms (SANS), Scale for the Assessment of Positive Symptoms(SAPS),Treatment Emergent Symptom Scale (TESS) and laboratory tests.RESULTS: There were significant difference in extrapyramidal side effects, prolactin levels, sleepiness and weight gain between pre-treatment and post-treatment(32.3% vs 16.9%,19.4% vs 5.6%,6.5% vs 19.7%,9.7% vs 19.6%, P<0.05) . However, there were no statistically significant difference(P>0.05) in the total scales of BPRS, SANS, SAPS ,TESS and other index of safety.CONCLUSION: The efficacy of risperidone oral solution and olanzapine tablets in treating brain organic mental disorders was equal, especially for mental disorder due to encephalitis the efficacy up to about 80%, but there were some differences in side effects. It was needed to arrange the treating program according to the patients conditions.

Effects of ephedrine and propofol on fentanyl-induced cough during induction of general anesthesia

ZHANG Zhi-yong, XIE Bin, YU Xue-rong, HUANG Yu-guang

2012, 17(9):  1052-1056. 

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AIM: To evaluate the effectiveness of ephdrine, propofol and ephedrine combined with propofol on fentanyl-induced cough during anesthesia induction. METHODS: 320 patients with ASA Ⅰ or Ⅱ for elective procedures were randomly assigned into four groups and the following medications were administered intravenously: patients in Group I(control group) received normal saline 2 mL, Group II (ephedrine group) received ephedrine 6 mg, Group III (propofol group) received propofol 0.8 mg/kg and Group IV (ephedrine plus propofol group) received ephedrine 6 mg plus propofol 0.8 mg/kg . At one minute after the study medication, fentanyl 2.0 μg/kg was given intravenously within two seconds. The occurrence of cough and vital sign profiles were recorded within one minutes after fentanyl bolus.RESULTS: The incidence of FIC was 42.5% in group I, 18.8% in group II, 20.0% in group III, and 2.5% in group IV, respectively. Lower incidence and less severity of cough were observed in groups II, III, and IV than those in group I (P<0.05). Groups IV had a lower incidence and less severity of cough than those in group II and group III (P<0.05). Hemodynamics was more stable in group IV than that in other groups.CONCLUSION: Intravenous ephedrine 6 mg plus propofol 0.8 mg/kg could prevent fentanyl-induced cough effectively. lt is a convenient method to suppress fentanyl-induced cough with stable hemodynamics in this setting.

Effect of puerarin combined with compound salvia injection on neurological function of patients with acute hypertensive intracerebral hemorrhage

HE Qing-zhang

2012, 17(9):  1057-1061. 

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AIM: To investigate the interventional effect of puerarin combined with compound salvia injection on neurological function of patients with acute hypertensive intracerebral hemorrhage. METHODS: Two hundred patients with acute hypertensive intracerebral hemorrhage were randomly divided into control group, puerarin group, compound salvia group and combined treatment group. Control group received ordinary therapy, puerarin group received additional puerarin injection based on ordinary therapy, compound salvia group received additional compound salvia injection based on ordinary therapy and combined treatment group received additional puerarin and compound salvia injection based on ordinary therapy. Each group had been treated continuously for two weeks. Hematoma volume and brain edema index were calculated. Plasma C-reactive protein and D-dimer concentrations were measured. And National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale score and Barthel score were recorded.RESULTS: Using analysis of variance for factorial design, hematoma volume and brain edema index in combined treatment group were markedly lower than those in other three groups at day 14 post-treatment (all P<0.05). At day 7 and 14 post-treatment, plasma C - reactive protein and D - dimer concentrations in combined treatment group were obviously lower than those in other three groups (all P<0.05). At 3 month post-treatment, NIHSS scores in combined treatment group were obviously lower than those in other three groups (all P<0.05) and BI scores in combined treatment group were obviously higher than those in other three groups (all P<0.05). CONCLUSION: A positive synergistic interaction between puerarin and compound salvia injection was demonstrated and can benefit the improvement of neurological function after acute hypertensive intracerebral hemorrhage.

The advances of plasmacytoid dendritic cells (pDCs) in chronic hepatitis B

TANG Yu-yan, LI Dan, YU Yong-sheng

2012, 17(9):  1062-1066. 

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Hepatitis B virus (HBV) cannot be effectively cleared in patients with chronic HBV infection, which involves complex mechanisms. The immunosuppression is a very important reason. Dendritic cells play a central role in antigen presentation and activating specific immunity. Many studies have shown that dendritic cells cleared of the virus and defended against tumor through activation of adaptive immune responses. Plasmacytoid dendritic cells (pDCs), a subtype of dendritic cells, plays an important role in the process of anti-virus due to its production of high levels of type I interferon and amplification of the immune against pathogens. Moreover, pDCs appeared to be defective in number and function in chronic hepatitis B (CHB) patients, which may be associated with viral clearance and persistence. This review resumes the basic functions and mechanisms of pDCs may be involved in chronic hepatitis B.

Genetic polymorphism of CYP2D6 and its influence on the personalized usage of antipsychotics

CHEN Bing, CAI Wei-min, YANG Wan-hua

2012, 17(9):  1067-1074. 

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CYP2D6 is one of the most important cytochrome P450 enzymes. There is remarkable genetic polymorphism of CYP2D6. CYP2D6 play an important role in the metabolism of antipsychotics, and has significant correlation with the inter-individual difference of pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of antipsychotics. Determination of CYP2D6 genotypes is helpful in the selection and regulation of antipsychotic therapy regimen for the elevation of efficiency and safety. The influence of CYP2D6 genetic polymorphism on the pharmacokinetics, adverse effect and drug-drug interaction was reviewed and the usefulness of CYP2D6 genotyping in the personalized antipsychotic therapy was discussed.

Antiplatelet strategies in patients undergoing percutaneous coronary intervention for acute coronary syndrome

JIA Liang-Liang, KE Yong-sheng

2012, 17(9):  1074-1080. 

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Acute coronary syndrome (ACS) is a clinical syndrome caused by acute cardiac anoxemia, including unstable angina(UA) , non-ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction (NSTEMI) and ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction(STEMI).The main pathogenesis of ACS is platelet activation and thrombin formation associated with plaque rupture , eventually leading to thrombosis.Currently antiplatelet and anticoagulant therapies become the two important part of the antithrombotic treatment of patients with ACS. With the wide application of percutaneous coronary intervention therapy (PCI) in patients with ACS, preoperative safety and efficacy of antithrombotic drug are increasingly concerned. This article presents an overview on clinical trials evaluating the different aspects of antiplatelet therapy in patients undergoing PCI and discuss the emerging role of these agents in the contemporary era of early invasive coronary intervention.