Table of Content

Volume 17 Issue 10
26 October 2012

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Effects of icariin on monoamine and amino acid neurotransmitters in senescence accelerated mouse prone/10

GAO Lin-na, HE Xiao-li, TANG Qian-qi, HE Guo-rong, BI Ming-gang

2012, 17(10):  1081-1086. 

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AIM: To investigate the effects of icariin(ICA) on monoamine and amino acid neurotransmitters in senescence accelerated mouse prone/10(SAMP10). METHODS: The 8-month-old SAMP10 were randomly divided into model group, Donepezil Hydrochloride(DON)-treated SAMP10 group (1 mg/kg) and ICA-treated SAMP10 groups(50, 100, 200 mg/kg), with twelve mice in each group. Twelve senescence accelerated mouse/resistance1(SAMR1) with the same age were used for normal control. After 30 days of oral administration, HPLC with electrochemical detection (EC) was used to measure norepinephrine, 5-hydroxytryptamine, dopamine and its metabolites 3,4-phenyl acetic acid and homovanillic acid, and glutamic acid,glutamine,aspartic acid, γ-aminobutyric acid,taurine,glycine.RESULTS: ICA could significantly reduce the levels of glutamic acid, glutamine and γ-aminobutyric acid in the cerebral cortex of SAMP10 (P<0.01), and increase the levels of norepinephrine, dopamine, 3, 4 - phenyl acetic acid,5 - hydroxytryptamine, homovanillic acid, aspartic acid and taurine (P<0.01 or P<0.05), but glycine had no significant effect(P>0.05). CONCLUSION: The improvement of ICA on the ability of learning and memory in SAMP10 may be related to elevating levels of monoamine neurotransmitter, regulating the balance of excitatory amino acids and regulating the balance of inhibitory amino acids.

Protective effects of purified fraction 1 of polysaccharide extracted from rheum tanguticum on radiation-induced hematopoietic damage in mice

LIU Lin-na, GUO Zhi-wei, ZHANG Yan, ZHANG Tian, ZHANG Wen-juan, Qi Zhi-hua, XU Yuan

2012, 17(10):  1087-1090. 

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AIM: To study the protective effects of purified fraction 1 of polysaccharide extracted from rheum tanguticum (RTP1) on radiation-induced hematopoietic damage in mice. METHODS: Male Kunming mice which were 6 week old were randomly divided into five groups: normal group (NC), irradiation control group (IC), RTP1 low dose group (200 mg/kg), middle dose group (400 mg/kg) and high dose group (800 mg/kg).The mice in RTP1 group were poured through gastic route by RTP1 for 14 d, the mice in NC and IC group were given by 0.9% sodium chloride solution through the same way. The mice in all groups except NC group were irradiated with 6.5 Gy ⁶⁰Co γ-ray on the fourteenth day. The 30 d survival rate of mice was observed. The number of white blood cell (WBC) and bone marrow cell (BMC), as well as the count of endo-genous splenic colony-forming-unit (CFU-S) were detected. DNA content of marrow was also measured.RESULTS: Compared with that of the IC group, 30 d survival rate, the number of WBC and BMC, the count of CFU-S and the DNA content of marrow were significantly higher with a dose- dependent manner. CONCLUSION: RTP1 could improve the hematopoietic recovery after irradiation.

Huperzine A enhances excitatory synaptic transmission in CA1 pyramidal neurons of adult rat hippocampal slices

WU Xiao-wei, WANG Bang-an, WANG Meng-ya

2012, 17(10):  1091-1097. 

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AIM: To observe the effects of huperzine A(Hup-A) on excitatory synaptic transmission in CA1 pyramidal neurons of adult rat hippocampal slices and to gain an insight into the cellular electrophysiological mechanisms underlying the potentiation of learning and memory by Hup-A. METHODS: The intracellular recordings from CA1 pyramidal neurons in hippocampal slices related to learning and memory were made to analyze mechanisms of Hup-A actions on cell electrophysiological properties and excitatory postsynaptic potential (EPSP) evoked by stimulating Schaffer collaterals. RESULTS: (1) During bath of Hup-A (1 μmol/L), the changes of cell electrophysiological properties were not significant (P>0.05). (2) Superfusion of Hup-A (0.3-3.0 μmol/L, 15 min) increased amplitude, duration and area under curve of EPSPs, which was concentration-dependent, recoverable, but sensitive to atropine pretreatment (10 μmol/L, n=4). (3) Hup-A did not result in remarkable changes of depolarizing response induced by exogenous glutamate (n=5). CONCLUSION: By the facilitation of the synaptic transmissions, Hup-A may potentiate the activities of hippocampal CA1 pyramidal neurons, and its actions on EPSP is related to the excitation of muscarinic type of acetylcholinergic receptors.

Intervention activity of lychee seed saponin against rats with senile dementia and its mechinisms

LI Juan, WANG Hai-tao

2012, 17(10):  1098-1102. 

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AIM: To investigate the activity and mechanisms of lychee seed saponin against rats with senile dementia (AD). METHODS: The 50 AD rats were randomly divided into control group, AD model group, low-dose lychee seed saponin group, medium-dose lychee seed saponin group, and high-dose lychee seed saponin group, respectively. Morris water maze examination was used to detect learning and memory ability. The protein expression was detected by Western blot analysis. The level of reactive oxygen species (ROS) was determined by flow cytometer analysis.RESULTS: The escape latency of rats was significantly increased in AD rats (P<0.01),and the numbers of rats crossing platform was significantly decreased in AD rats (P<0.01). The learning and memory ability were significantly developped by lychee seed saponin treatment. The protein expression of Aβ was significant higher in AD rats than that in normal control. The protein expression of Aβ was decreased in a dose-dependent manner by lychee seed saponin treatment in AD rats. The level of ROS in control group, AD model group, low-dose lychee seed saponin group, medium-dose lychee seed saponin group, and high-dose lychee seed saponin group was 6.12±0.61, 9.54±1.42, 8.33±1.26, 7.68±1.14, and 7.23±0.73, respectively. The level of ROS was significant higher in AD rats than that in normal control. The level of ROS was decreased in a dose-dependent manner by lychee seed saponin treatment in AD rats. CONCLUSION: Lychee seed saponin showed the potent activity against AD rats. The decreasing of Aβ and ROS production may play a key role.

Ramosetron decrease visceral pain hypersensitivity in young rats

LIN Xi, YANG Fang, WU Bin, ZHANG Xiaoyan, LIN Chun

2012, 17(10):  1102-1107. 

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AIM: To explore the effects of 5-HT3 receptor antagonist ramosetron on young rats of visceral hypersensitivity by the methods of behavior and electrophysiology research. METHODS: Colorectal irritation (CI) stimulation in neonatal period was used to establish the model of visceral hypersensitivity in young rats. 32 neonatal rats were divided into four groups by 2×2 factorial design with each 8. Group A₁B₁ was imposed on CI at neonatal period and imposed on ramosetron intraperitoneal injection in 15-21 day; Group A₁B₂ was imposed on CI at neonatal period and not imposed on ramosetron intraperitoneal injection; Group A₂B₁ was not imposed on CI at neonatal period and imposed on ramosetron intraperitoneal injection; Group A₂B₂ was not imposed on CI at neonatal period and not imposed on ramosetron intraperitoneal injection. Then, conventionally breeding till the young period (6-week age), abdonminal withdrawal reflex (AWR), pain thresholds and spike external oblique muscle of abdomen (EOMA) were used to evaluate visceral pain hypersensitivity. RESULTS: he pain thresholds in young rats were affected both by CI at neonatal period and using ramosetron in 15-21 days. In group A₁B₂ which imposed on CI at neonatal period, the pain thresholds decreased 11.56 mm Hg. In group A₁B₁ which imposed on CI at neonatal period and imposed on ramosetron in 15-21 day, the pain thresholds increased 9.06 mm Hg, while the AWR scores and EOMA were decreased. Future more, there are interaction effects between the two factors.There were a significant main effect for AWR scores at different pressures and a significant main effect for EOMA at different pressures. CONCLUSION: 5-HT₃ receptor antagonist ramosetron can decrease visceral hypersensitivity in young rats.

Influence of polysaccharide from different Dendrobium on mice spleen immune functions

LI Guang, SONG Mei-fang, LI Yi-hang, LI Xue-lan, CHEN Xi

2012, 17(10):  1108-1111. 

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AIM: To investigate the accommodation of polysaccharide extracts from different genus of Dendrobium to the immunologic function in mice. METHODS: The splenic lymphocytes of mice were cultured in different concentration of polysaccharide extracts from Dendrobium candidum, Dendrobium devonianum, Dendrobium aphyllum and Dendrobium crystallinum Tchb. F. After that the effect to splenic lymphocytes proliferation was observed. Treated mice by p.o. different doses of Dendrobium polysaccharide then determined carbon clearance capacity. RESULTS: Dendrobium devonianum polysaccharide extracts could stimulate lymphocyte proliferation, increase carbon clearance capacity and spleen index, had a similar function with Dendrobium candidum. The polysaccharide extracts from other Dendrobium had no activity in enhancing immunization. CONCLUSION: Dendrobium devonianum polysaccharide could enhance spleen immune function.

Effects of N-n-butyl haloperidol iodide on the proliferation of intima and vascular muscle cells of rabbit carotid artery after balloon injury

HUANG Zhan-qin, JIANG Hong-yan, LI Jin-yu, LIU Xing-pin, ZHENG Yan-shan, GAO Fen-fei, CHEN Yi-cun, SHI Gang-gang

2012, 17(10):  1112-1117. 

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AIM: To investigate the effects of N-n-butyl haloperidol iodide (F₂) on the proliferation of intima and vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) of the rabbit carotid artery after balloon injury. METHODS: 30 New Zealand rabbits were randomly divided into Sham group, Model group, F₂ high-dose treatment group (2 mg/kg), F₂ medium-dose treatment group (1 mg/kg), F₂ low-dose treatment group (0.5 mg/kg). After 7 days, experimental segments of arteries were harversted and subsequently progressed routine pathological sections, hematoxylin-eosin staining, PCNA expression was measured by immunohistochemical staining. RESULTS: Compared with the sham group, the intimal thickness, intimal area, intimal/medial thickness and intima-to-media area ratio of the Model group significantly increase (P<0.01). F₂ caused a dose-dependent reduction in these indicators. F₂ dose-dependently decrease the PCNA positive rate of VSMCs in the vascular wall as compared with Model group (P<0.01). CONCLUSION: F₂ inhibits the proliferation of intima and VSMCs of rabbit carotid artery after balloon injury.

Effects of Dexamethasoneon apoptosis of HepG2 cells induced by Cisplatin and expression of Bcl-2 and Caspase-3

TAN Jun, RUAN Bing, ZHOU Mi, GAO Guo-sheng

2012, 17(10):  1118-1123. 

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AIM: To investigate the mechanism of Dexamethasone (DEX) on apoptosis of HepG2 cells induced by Cisplatin (DDP) and the expression of Bcl-2 and Caspase-3. METHODS: HepG2 and DDP were co-cultured, a serials of concentrations DEX were added into it, the expression of mRNA and protein of Bcl-2 and Capase-3 were analyzed separately by RT-PCR and Western blot,and the percentage of cell apoptosis was analyzed by FACS. RESULTS: With DEX increases in concentration, the expression of Bcl-2 was increased and expression of Caspase-3 was decreased correspondently, the rate of apoptosis of HepG2 descends clearly.CONCLUSION: DEX restrains apoptosis of HepG2 cells induced by Cisplatin (DDP) partly through Bcl-2 anti-apoptosis pathways, and Caspase-3 plays an important role in regulating the cell apoptosis.

Chemoprevention effect of Rosiglitazone on the experimental colon cancer in rat

WU Ke, HE Bai-cheng, ZHOU Qi-xin

2012, 17(10):  1124-1129. 

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AIM: To investigate the anti-colon cancer effects of rosiglitazone and possible relationship with COX-2. METHODS: Wistar rat colon cancer model was induced by 1-2 dimethylhydrazine (DMH)(40 mg/kg s.c.)+1% dextran sodium sulfate solution (DSS)(freely drinking). All rats were randomly divided into 3 groups:control(DMH + DSS + solvant), rosiglitazone(Ros) (DMH+DSS+Ros 0.75 mg·kg^-1·d^-1) , meloxicam(Mel):(DMH+DSS+Mel 1.35 mg·kg^-1·d^-1). The drugs were given orally once a day for 5 day per week. The body weight, the number of colon ACFs, the incidence and number of colon cancer in rats, as well as the morphological changes of rat colon tissues were evaluated. Human colon cancer Lovo cell line was treated by either Ros or Mel in various concentrations (10^-6,10^-5,10^-4,10^-3 mol/ L) for 6 h,12 h and 24 h,respectively, and the cell growth was assayed by MTT method. Western blot were used to evaluate the protein expressions of COX-2 from Lovo cells treated with Ros.RESULTS: Ros significantly improved the dyscrasia induced by DMH+DSS, the both of body weight and general condition were better than those of control group. Ros also significantly inhibited ACF and colon cancer incidence in the rats treated by DMH+DSS for 10 weeks or 20 weeks,which was similar to that of Mel. Ros inhibited the proliferation of Lovo cells in concentration- and time-dependent manners, and the IC₅₀ values were significantly smaller than that of Mel at 6 h,12 h, and 24 h after Lovo cells were treated by either Ros or Mel. Ros also concentration-dependently decreased expressions of COX-2 protein.CONCLUSION: Ros can inhibit ACF and tumor formation induced by DMH+DSS,and decrease the Lovo cell proliferation index. The anti-tumor effects of Ros may involve in an unknown pathway through which the expressions of COX-2 were inhibited.

Inhibitory effect of colon-targeted ball of scorpion venom on young rats with chronic visceral hypersensitivity

LIN Guo-wei, LIN Chun, YE Rong, ZHENG Wei, HUANG Ren-jie, Lin Zhi-ming

2012, 17(10):  1130-1136. 

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AIM: To explore the inhibitory effect of colon- targeted ball of scorpion venom on model young rats with chronic visceral hypersensitivity. METHODS: Neonatal male Sprague-Dawley(SD)rats were used as study subject. Model rats were received 60 mm Hg colon irritation (CI) for a minute once daily from post neonatal days 8 to 14; control rats were received the same processes except CI. The experiment groups were divided into control group , control blank ball group , control scorpion venom ball group, model group, model blank ball group, model scorpion venom ball group ( low ), model scorpion venom ball group ( medium ) and model scorpion venom ball group ( high ). Colon- targeted ball of scorpion venom was given by oral on the twenty-eighth day, one time a day, in total 14 days. The spike of external oblique muscle of abdomen(EOMA)were examined to assess the visceral sensitivity of rats; The field potential LTP was observed in control and model young rats by the recording of field potential in hippocampal CA1 region in vitro. RESULTS: The spike amplitude of EOMA was significantly stronger in model young rats than those in control young rats, the spike amplitudes of EOMA were decreased in model rats by oral colon- targeted ball of scorpion venom (P<0.05). The spike amplitudes of LTP was significantly stronger in model young rats than those in control young rats (P<0.05). Compared with model young rats, the spike amplitudes of LTP were significantly decreased by oral colon- targeted ball of scorpion venom (P<0.05).However, there was no significant effect of colon- targeted ball of scorpion venom on control young rats (P>0.05). CONCLUSION: Chronic visceral hypersensitivity could be inhibited by Oral colon- targeted ball of scorpion venom in model young rats.

Improvement of oxidative stress and HPA axis function and elevation of BDNF expression involved in anti-depressive effect of paroxetine in rat model

FEI Hui-zhi, WANG Han, HU Xiao-ya, LI Na, WEN Wei, YAN Tao, ZHOU Qi-xin

2012, 17(10):  1137-1142. 

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AIM: To investigate the correlation between antidepressive effect of paroxetine and improvements of oxidative stress, brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) expression and the hypothalamic-pituitary- adrenal (HPA) axis function in rat model induced by chronically unpredicted mild stress (CUMS). METHODS: 60 male SD rats were randomly divided into following groups: normal group (NG), model group (MG), normal group-treated with 1.8 mg·kg^-1·d^-1 paroxetine (PNG), and model group-treated with paroxetine (PMG). Chronic mild unpredicted stress (CUMS) with solitary condition was taken to establish rat depression model. The open-field test and sucrose consumption were used to evaluate the behaviour changes of experimental rats. The malondialdehyde (MDA) levels, activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase (CAT), corticosterone (CORT) in serum, and expressions of BDNF in hippocampus and CRF in hypothalamus were determined by reagent kits, radio-immunoassay, and reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR),respectively.RESULTS: There were significant decreases of locomotor activities and sucrose water consumption, significantly increasing serum MDA and CORT levels with clearly decreasing SOD and CAT activities,and obviously decreasing expressions of BDNF and elevated CRF expression in model group, compared with NG. The treatment of paroxetine obviously improved the changes above induced by CUMS. However treatment of paroxetine had no significant influences on either behaviors or indices of NG rats.CONCLUSION: The antidepressive effect of paroxetine may involve in the improvements of oxidative stress/antoxidative stress balance, HPA axis function, and the expression of BDNF.

Meta-analysis on efficacy and safety of fixed-dose combination (FDC) in treatment of pulmonary tuberculosis

MA Jing-jing, ZHOU Ze-wen, YAN Tao, WU Xian, WANG Run-hua, YI Jing

2012, 17(10):  1143-1150. 

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AIM: To evaluate the efficacy and safety of fixed-dose combination for the treatment of pulmonary tuberculosis. METHODS: The studies related to the efficacy and safety of FDC in the treatment of newly diagnosed smear-positive pulmonary tuberculosis, and randomized clinical controlled trials (RCTs) or clinical controlled trials (CCTs) published in the openly journals either in Chinese or English were searched by computer, then searched references of included studies additionally. RESULTS: 22 studies were included. In the aspect of efficacy, Risk Ratio and its 95%CI of 2-month sputum negative conversion rate were 1.02 (1.01,1.03) in FDC regimen, 6-month sputum negative conversion rate were 1.01 (1.00,1.02) in FDC regimen, P<0.05; relapse rate were 1.72 (0.98,3.02) in FDC regimen, P>0.05. As for the evaluation of safety, the total drug adverse event, adverse events of skin , gastrointestinal adverse events, liver and biliary and discontinuation of medication were all no significant differences between FDC regimen and free-drug component regimen (P>0.05). However, adverse events of gastrointestinal and discontinuation, liver and biliary of medication were unsteadiness by sensitivity analysis.CONCLUSION: The efficacy of FDC regimen was better than free-drug component regimen. The result of safety evaluation was unsteadiness, required more credibility evidences.

Efficacy and safety of amifostine in preventing platinum-induced neurotoxicity: a meta-analysis

DENG Jian-hao, SHI Dao-hua, XUE Zeng-gui, XIAO Lin

2012, 17(10):  1151-1156. 

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AIM: To evaluate the efficacy and safety of amifostine in preventing platinum-induced neurotoxicity. METHODS: Retrieve from Cochrane Library, Pubmed, Emabase, Cancerlit, CBM, CNKI, VIP and Clinical Controlled Trials Database. Randomized controlled trials (RCT) were screened according to predefined inclusion and exclusion from the date of their establishment by april in 2012. Then the quality of the included trials was assessed and meta-analysis was performed by RevMan 5.1.4 software. RESULTS: A total of 11 studies involving 949 patients, six was English, while five was in Chinese. The resulted of meta-analyses showed that the experimental group was more effective than the control group in lowering the incidence of neurotoxicity[RR=0.57,95%CI(0.39,0.82),P=0.002], the incidence of severe neurotoxicity[RR=0.49,95%CI(0.29,0.84),P=0.009]; increasing the incidence of vomiting[RR=1.36,95%CI(1.02,1.81),P=0.04], the incidence of hypotention[RR=2.33,95%CI(1.29,4.23)P=0.005]. There were no significant difference between the experimental group and the control group in increasing the incidence of neusea[RR=1.20,95%CI(0.97,1.50),P=0.10]and dizziness[RR=1.44,95%CI(0.50,4.12),P=0.50]. CONCLUSION: Amifostine combine with platinum-based chemotherapy can effectively prevent the incidence of the neurotoxicity, but it will increase the incidence of vomiting and hypotention.

Determination of Indapamide in human plasma by liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrum and study on its bioequivalence

JING Xian, WANG Yi-cheng, OUYANG Dong-sheng, CHEN Yao, ZHOU Gan, YANG Guo-ping, ZHOU Hong-hao, TAN Zhi-rong

2012, 17(10):  1157-1162. 

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AIM: To establish a simple, effective and sensitive LC-MS/MS assay to determine Indapamide in human plasma. METHODS: Diazepam was used as an internal standard. Human plasma samples were extracted by MTBE(tert-Butyl Methyl Ether).The separation was carried out on a Luna C₁₈ (150 mm×2.0 mm, 5 μm) column.The mobile phase consisted of 10 mmol/L ammonium formate with 0.1% formic acid:methanol (20∶80, V/V) at a flow rate of 0.30 mL/min. Electrospray ionization(ESI) source was applied and operated in the positive ion mode. The MS detection parameters were as follows: the source voltage was 3.5 KV and source temperature was 100 ℃. Quantitation was performed using multiple reaction monitoring(MRM) of the m/z 366.2→132.1 for Indapamide and 285.2→154.1 for diazepam.RESULTS: The liner calibration curves were obtained in the range of 0.536-45.733 ng/mL for Indapamide. The lower limit of quantification was 0.536 ng/mL.The mean relative recovery was 69%~81% and the relative standard deviation of the intra-day and inter-day precision of variation were less than 15%. By single and multiple doses studies, we can demonstrate that Indapamide sustained release tablets (1.5 mg/tablet) produced by Hunan Xieli Pharmaceutical Co.,Ltd and Servier(Tianjin) Pharmaceutical Co.,Ltd are bioequivalent. CONCLUSION: This method which is simple and sensitive can be used to determinate the concentration of Indapamide in human plasma.

Combined dexmedetomidine and remifentanil for awake endotracheal intubation

WANG Wu, YANG Li, WU Shao-fang, WU Wei, LEI Li-pei

2012, 17(10):  1163-1166. 

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AIM: To observe the application effects of dexmedetomidine combined with remifentanil for awake endotracheal intubation. METHODS: Seventy five patients scheduled for uvulopalatopharyngoplasty (UPPP) under general anesthesia and trachea intubation were divided into 3 groups: fentanyl combined with droperidol group (Group FD, n=25), midazolam combined with remifentanil group (Group MR, n=25) and dexmedetomidine combined with remifentanil group (Group DR, n=25). Group FD: intravenous injection of fentanyl with the dose of 2 μg/kg and droperidol with the dose of 0.08 mg/kg; Group MR: after intravenous injection of midazolam with the dose of 0.05 mg/kg and remifentanil with the dose of 1.0 μg/kg within 1 minute, remifentanil was given with the dose of 0.06 μg·kg^-1·min^-1 until the success of trachea intubation; Group DR: after intravenous injection of dexmedetomidine with the dose of 0.6 μg/kg within 10 minutes, remifentanil was given with the dose of 1.0 μg/kg by intravenous injection within 1 minute and remifentanil was given with the dose of 0.06 μg·kg^-1·min^-1 until the success of trachea intubation. Ramsay score were all no less than 4 before trachea intubation. Mean arterial pressure (MAP) and heart rate (HR) at the time of entrance (T₀), the time before laryngoscopy placement (T₁) and the point of trachea intubation (T₂) were recorded. The time of trachea intubation, respiratory depression, patients tolerance in the process of trachea intubation and postoperative forgotten were all also recorded. RESULTS: Compared with group FD, MAP and HR in group MR and group DR at the time of T₀ were not significantly different (P>0.05) while MAP and HR both decreased significantly between T₁ and T₂ (P<0.05). In addition, the descend of MAP and HR in group DR were larger than those in group MR(P<0.05). Patients in group MR and group DR felt more comfortable than those in group FD (P<0.05), the number patients with postoperative forgotten was smaller than that in group FD (P<0.05) and the number of patients with respiratory depression in group DR was smaller than that in group FD and group MR.CONCLUSION: Dexmedetomidine combined with remifentanil inhibits stress reaction of patients with consciousness in the process of endotracheal intubation.Patients feel comfortable in the process of endotracheal intubation and some patients have postoperative forgotten. No obvious respiratory depression occurs.

The control research of escitalopram vs venlafaxine XR.on the treatment of generalized anxiety disorder

SHEN Zhong-xia, GUAN Tie-feng, SHEN Xing-hua, QIAN Ming-cai, LIN Min, YANG Jian-hong

2012, 17(10):  1167-1171. 

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AIM: To observe the efficacy and safety of escitalopram and venlafaxine on the treatment of generalized anxiety disorder(GAD) patients. METHODS: 74 patients who met the ICD-10 criteria for GAD were divided into escitalopram group(n=38) and venlafaxine group(n=36) randomly. The trial lasted 8 weeks. The anxiety status and efficacy was evaluated with HAMA at the baseline, 1^st, 2^th, 4^th and 8^th weekend respectively while the depression status was evaluated by HAMD,and the safety was evaluated by TESS and laboratory examination.RESULTS: The HAMA scores of both group declined significantly by the end of 1st week(P<0.01), and the reduction of HAMA scores in the escitalopram group were larger than those in venlafaxine group at the end of 1^st, 2^th and 4^th weekend(P<0.05), while there were no significant difference between the two groups at the end of 8^th weekend(P>0.05). There were significant difference within the remission rate 60.5% vs 66.7%, and response rate 78.9% vs 86.1% between the two groups(P<0.01). The HAMD scores decreased significantly after 8 weeks treatment in both groups(P<0.01). The side effects of both groups had no significant difference(P>0.05). CONCLUSION: Either escitalopram or venlafaxine would be effective for GAD, but it seemed that venlafaxine was more effective than escitalopram, and escitalopram responses faster, while the safety was similar.

Development of drugs targeting beta-amyloid for Alzheimer's disease

REN Hong, LIAO Hong

2012, 17(10):  1172-1178. 

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Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a neurodegenerative disease,which is clinically characterized by progressive cognitive decline and the decrease of the behavior and social adaptation ability. Because of the complicated pathogenesis of AD, effective anti-AD drug are very limited in clinical therapy. Growing evidence shows that accumulation of Aβ in the brain is the primary cause of AD and proposes that Aβ could be an important target for anti-AD drugs. This article reviews the latest development of drugs targeting Aβ to treat AD.

Advances in Pharmacogenetics of Topical Therapies for Psoriasis

MENG Xiang-guang, LI Zhi, WANG Xian-meng, ZHOU Hong-hao

2012, 17(10):  1179-1184. 

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Psoriasis is an inflammatory hyperproliferative skin disease with a strong genetic susceptibility and influenced by genetic, immunological and environmental factors. Because the topical treatment is characterized of low cost, proper efficiency and high safety , it is commonly selected for most patients with mild to moderate psoriasis. However, the pharmacogenetics studies on the topical treatment are sparse. This review summarizes the correlations between genetic factors and topical agents to provide the theoretical guidance for the personalized medication in psoriasis.

Endocytosis of μ opioid receptors inhibits morphine tolerance

LV Qing-qin, CHEN Ting-jun, HONG Yan-guo

2012, 17(10):  1185-1190. 

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Opioids are the most effective analgesics. However, prolonged administration of morphine, the representative of opioids, results in tolerance, limiting the therapeutic utility of opiate drugs. Studies have recently suggested that endocytosis of μ opioid receptors attenuates opioid tolerance. The ability of inducing endocytosis of opioid receptor is agonist-dependent. It has been shown that the endocytotic efficacy of opioids are negatively correlated with opioid tolerance. Receptor internalization reduced adaptive changes in signaling pathways that are involved in the development of opioid tolerance. Moreover, endocytosised μ-opioid receptors are rapidly recycled back to the cell membrane surface resuming their normal function. Therefore, tolerance does not occur. Thus, the study of receptor endocytosis and trafficking following the activation of the receptors can help the therapy for chronic pain.

Clinical research design technical points on child anorexia treated by new TCM drugs

WANG Hui, HU Si-yuan

2012, 17(10):  1191-1195. 

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Through literature and practice search,the author puts forward ideas on new TCM drugs in the treatment of child anorexia clinical research, including test purpose and design,diagnosis and the standard of TCM syndromes, the choice of subjects,exit criteria, choice of control drugs,test process,effectiveness evaluation, safety indicators, combination therapy and quality control of test. New ideas of design and evaluation method on child anorexia clinical research , as well as new TCM drugs clinical research are provided for reference.

Regulation of nuclear receptors on cytochrome P450 enzymes

HE Fang, ZENG Cai-wen, XIA Chun-hua, XIONG Yu-qing

2012, 17(10):  1195-1200. 

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Nuclear receptors are one superfamily of ligand-activated transcription factors and relate to regulating gene expression in drug metabolic processes. Nuclear receptors play an important role in growing development, metabolism and many physiological processes. Nuclear receptors including CAR, PXR, GR, AhR and PPAR mediate drug metabolism by regulating cytochrome P450 gene expression in vivo. This paper reviewed the regulation effect of several nuclear receptors on cytochrome P450 gene in order to provide molecular mechanism for drug interaction.