Table of Content

Volume 19 Issue 3
26 March 2014

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Investigation on P450s involved in emodin's phaseⅠmetabolism and inhibitory effect of emodin on P450s

WANG Lai-you, LI Jing-qing, CHEN Tao, TANG Qian-jie, CHEN Ling-yan

2014, 19(3):  241-245. 

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AIM: To identify the P450s involved in emodin's phaseⅠmetabolism and inhibitory effect of emodin on the P450s, in order to provide experimental evidence for predicting possible emodin-drug interactions.METHODS: Human liver microsome and recombinant P450 enzymes were incubated with emodin and CYP3A4 inhibitor ketoconazole (KTZ) for 20 mins in vitro, emodin concentrations were determined by LC-MS/MS method. Inhibitory effects of emodin on the P450 enzyme isoforms were investigated using an established in vitro cocktail incubation approach in our lab.RESULTS: Co-incubation with human liver microsomes and recombinant CYP3A4 system in vitro showed that emodin remains 68.5% and 0.015% of the initial content, 100 μmol/L KTZ could decrease the elimination rate to 0.1% and 27.7% respectively. The results from the cocktail experiment indicated that emodin had a moderate inhibition on CYP1A2, CYP2C9, CYP2D6 with IC₅₀ as 3.31, 2.60, 2.56 μmol/L respectively.CONCLUSION: CYP3A4 plays a key role for emodin biotransformation in phaseⅠmetabolism, possessing the inhibitory effect on multiple P450s. Attention should be paid to avoid the possible emodin-drug interaction when emodin-containing preparations are prescribed with substrates of these mentioned P450s.

Effects of Lycium barbarum Polysaccharide on doxorubicin pharmacokinetics in dogs

YU Jian, XIN Yan-fei , GU Li-qiang, GAO Hai-yan, ZHANG Sheng, YOU Zhen-qiang, WEN Lei, CHEN Guo-can, CHEN Yun-xiang, XUAN Yao-xian

2014, 19(3):  246-253. 

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AIM: To investigate whether Lycium barbarum Polysaccharide (LBP) could modify the pharmacokinetic property of the doxorubicin (DOX) in Beagle dogs.METHODS: Eight Beagle dogs were treated with LBP capsule (20 mg/kg) or vehicle for 12 continuous days. Plasma concentration of DOX in two groups is monitored after i.v. bolus injection of DOX (1.5 mg/kg) at day 7 and was determined by reverse phase-high performance liquid chromatography with a fluorescence detector. Furthermore, the enzyme activity of cytochrome P450 3A (CYP 3A) in two groups were evaluated.RESULTS: Compared with DOX group, LBP did not modify the pharmacokinetic profiles such as the area under curve and the clearance of DOX in the LPB+DOX group. However, it is proved that LBP could inhibit the activity of CYP 3A , which is a critical metabolizing enzyme of DOX. There is a slight paradox between the inhibition of LBP to CYP 3A and no influence of LBP to pharmacokinetic profiles of intravenous DOX.CONCLUSION: Co-administration of LBP inhibits CYP 3A, the metabolizing enzyme of DOX, but does not affect the pharmacokinetic profiles of intravenous DOX.

Study of pharmacokinetics and bioavailability of scicinib in rats

ZOU Quan-fei, LU Rong, FAN Hui-rong, ZHAO Guang-rong, ZHANG Tie-jun, SI Duan-yun

2014, 19(3):  254-259. 

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AIM: To investigate the pharmacokinetic properties of scicinib and its absolute bioavailability in vivo in rats.METHODS: With the LC/MS/MS method for the quantification of scicinib in biosamples, the concentration of scicinib in rat plasma was determined after administrated (i.g.) scicinib at the dose of 5, 10, 20, 40 mg/kg and intravenous injected scicinib at the dose of 5 mg/kg. Main pharmacokinetic parameters were estimated by non-compartmental analysis using 3P97 software. Experimental data was calculated by t-test and then the absolute bioavailability was determined.RESULTS: The pharmacokinetic property of scicinib fitted two compartment model after scicinib was given to rats at a single dose (5, 10, 20 and 40 mg/kg). The AUC_0-T was linearly increased with the increase of dosage in rats, while t_1/2 was not varied,the t_1/2 was (6.26±1.26),(5.80±4.44),(7.16±4.40),(7.38±3.24) h, respectively. The absolute bioavailability of scicinib after administration (i.g.) at the dose of 5 mg/kg was 20.4%.CONCLUSION: The pharmacokinetic behavior of scicinib showes the first-order kinetics characteristics after the dosage of 5-40 mg/kg, and the absolute bioavailability was well accepted.

Effects of polysaccharide of gastrodia elata blume and electroacupuncture on the expressions of brain derived neurotrophic factor and vascular endothelial growth factor in dentate gyrus of cerebral ischemia rats

MIAO Hua-chun, WU Feng, DING Jian, XIONG Ke-ren

2014, 19(3):  260-264. 

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AIM: To observe the effects of polysaccharide of gastrodia elata blume (PGB) and electroacupuncture (EA)on the expression of brain derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) in dentate gyrus (DG) of hippocampus of cerebral ischemia rats. METHODS: A total of 40 Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly divided into the normal control group, the model group, the EA group, the PGB group and the EA+PGB group, 8 in each group.The model was prepared by middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO). 2 week after modeling, PGB at 100 mg/kg was given to rats in the PGB group and the EA+PGB group by gastrogavage, once daily, for 2 successive weeks. EA at “Baihui” (DU20) and “Zusanli” (ST36) was performed to rats in the EA group and the EA+PGB group, lasting for 30 min, once daily, for 2 successive weeks.The expressions of BDNF and VEGF in the DG detected by immunohistochemical assay and image analysis.RESULTS: Compared with the normal control group, the expressions of BDNF and VEGF in the DG of the model group were increased (P<0.05).Compared with the model group, the expressions of BDNF and VEGF in the DG of the EA group, the PGB group and the EA+PGB group were increased significantly (P<0.05).The expressions of BDNF and VEGF obviously were increased in the EA + PGB group than those of the EA group or the PGB group (P<0.01).CONCLUSION: EA combined with PGB could significantly upregulat the expressions of BDNF and VEGF in the DG of cerebral ischemia rats, accelerate endogenous neural stem cells in the DG, besides, their effects were significantly higher than those of the PGB group or the EA group.

Effects of Bisphenol A on metabolismof glucose and lipid in mice

CHEN Li, HOU Yong, DU Tian-xi, LI Shao-yin, WANG Guang-ming, ZHU Bang-liu, HUANG De-wu

2014, 19(3):  265-270. 

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AIM: To investigate the effects of Bisphenol A(BPA)on lipid metabolism and glucose metabolism in mice.METHODS: The 8-week-old male C57BL/6J mice were divided randomly into four groups: blank group, solvent group,low- and high-dosage group.The blank group and solvent group were administrated with distilled water and corn oil respectively by gavage, and other two groups were administered with BPA at the dosages of 0.5 mg·kg^-1·d^-1 and 50 mg·kg^-1·d^-1 respectively with the same route. 90 days later, oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) was carried out in all the mice.Contents of serum total triglycerides (TG), total cholesterol (TC), high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C), low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) were detected.At the same time, the hepatic steatosis situation and protein expression levels of FAS,ACC,SCD1,GCK in liver were tested.RESULTS: Compared with the blank group and solvent group,the glucose tolerance in the low-dosage group was abnormal(P<0.05),the levels of TC,TG,LDL-C were increased while the level of HDL-C was reduced(P<0.05).Compared with the blank group and solvent group, the levels of TC,TG and HDL-C in the high-dosage group was similar,there were no obviously difference(P>0.05),the level of LDL-C in the high-dosage group was increased(P<0.05).Protein expression level of FAS,ACC,SCD1 and GCK in liver were higher in low-dosage proup and there was lipid depositions in liver,while ACC and GCK were higher in high dosage group.CONCLUSION: The exposure to low-dose BPA for a long time may cause glucose and lipid metabolism disorders.

Effect of CGP-12177 on alveolar fluid clearance in isolated human lung

LI Nai-jing, LI Wei, GU Xiu, LI Yan, HE Ping

2014, 19(3):  271-274. 

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AIM: To establish the model of isolated human lung, and to study the effect of CGP-12177 on alveolar fluid clearance (AFC) in isolated human lung and the mechanisms involved.METHODS: The AFC was measured by the concentration of Evansblue-labeled album in the istilled and aspirated solution. Isomolar albumin solution in the presence of 10^-4 mol/L to 10^-7 mol/L CGP-12177 (selective β₃-adrenergic agonists) was injected into the alveolar spaces in isolated human lung, and AFC was measured. 10^-5 mol/L CGP-12177 combined with phentolamine (α receptor antagonist), atenolol (β₁ receptor antagonist), ICI-118551 (β₂ receptor antagonist), SR59230A (β₃ receptor antagonist), sodium channel blockers or Na⁺/K⁺-ATPase blockers were perfused into the alveolar space of isolated human lung.RESULTS: 10^-5 mol/L and 10^-6 mol/L CGP-12177 increased AFC significantly in isolated human lung,but 10^-4 mol/L and 10^-7 mol/L CGP-12177 didn't increase AFC. The AFC-stimulating effect of CGP-12177 was decreased by SR59230A, amiloride and ouabain.CONCLUSION: CGP-12177, a β₃-adrenergic agonist, can increase AFC in isolated human lung by promoting the transport of Na⁺-K⁺-ATPase.

Effect of tetrastigma hemsleyanum diels et gilg flavone on the immunosuppressive associated cytokines in Lewis lung cancer mice

FENG Zheng-quan, LIN Xiao-yang, HAO Wan-rong

2014, 19(3):  275-279. 

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AIM: Research on the tetrastigma hemsleyanum diels et gilg flavone (sanyeqing),which influences the tumor volume and the expression level of TGFβ₁, PGE₂,COX-2 of LLC tumor bearing C57BL/6 mice, to explore the possible mechanism of reverse tumor immune escape function of radix tetrastigme to tumor-bearing mice.METHODS: LLC tumor bearing C57BL/6 mice models were established by tumor homogenate inoculation method and were randomly divided into normal group, model control group, high dose group of the total flavonoids from radix tetrastigmae, middle dose group of the total flavones from radix tetrastigmae, low dose group of the total flavonoids from radix tetrastigmae. Stripped the tumor tissue and weighed after 14 days continuous administration. The ELISA method was used to detected the TGFβ₁, PGE₂ and COX-2 content in serum.RESULTS: Tumor volume: compared with the model control group, high-dose group, middle-dose group had significant difference in tumor volume (P<0.05). Tumors size in the order: model control group>low-dose group>middle-dose group> high-dose group. TGF-β₁, PGE₂ and COX-2 content in serum: after the experiment, the experimental groups were significantly higher than the normal group (P<0.01), within groups, high-dose group< low-dose group (P<0.05).CONCLUSION: The tetrastigma hemsleyanum diels et gilg flavone high-dose group had a better effect in suppressing tumor growth, the middle dose group didn't play an effective role, And the low-dose group had the most weak effect in suppressing tumor growth. The tumor suppression effect of tetrastigma hemsleyanum diels et gilg flavone may be related to the lower levels of TGF-β₁ expression in peripheral blood, and may decrease the level of PGE₂, COX-2 expression, so as to achieve reverse tumor escape, to achieve the anti-tumor effect.

Effects of proanthocyanidins on the expression of Aβ, tau and SOD protein with Alzheimer disease in rats

MA Yu-hong, YAO Hai, WANG Huan, YANG Jie-ren

2014, 19(3):  280-283. 

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AIM: To observe the effects of proanthocyanidins on Aβ, tau and SOD with Alzheimer disease in rats.METHODS: AD model was mimicked by intraperitoneal injecting D-gal (180 mg·kg^-1·d^-1) and intragastric administrating AlCl₃ (15 mg·kg^-1·d^-1) for 12 weeks. Then AD rats who were built successfully were randomly divided into 4 groups, model group, proanthocyanidins low-dose group, proanthocyanidins high-dose group, VitE group, but control group was set up by intraperitoneal injecting NS and intragastric administrating NS for 12 weeks, in additional. After that, each group was intragastric administrated with different drugs, control group (NS i.p.), model group(D-gal i.p.+AlCl₃ i.g.), proanthocyanidins low-dose group (PC 20 mg/kg), proanthocyanidins high-dose group (PC 40 mg/kg), VitE group (VitE 10 mg/kg) for 8 weeks. The expression of Aβ, SOD, tau protein were detected with Western blot.RESULTS: As compared with control group, the expressions of Aβ and tau protein were higher and SOD was lower in model group (P<0.01). However, the expression of Aβ and tau protein decreased and SOD increased in proanthocyanidins high-dose group (40 mg/kg), there was statistically significant difference between PC high-dose group and model group (P<0.01, P<0.05).CONCLUSION: Proanthocyanidins has protective effects on Alzheimer disease in rats.

Study on warfarin individual dosage model based on clinical factors and gene in Chinese Han population

LIU Jun, LUAN Jia-jie, XU Wen-ke, ZHU Yan-hong, WANG Wei-ping, ZHANG Da-fa

2014, 19(3):  284-290. 

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AIM: To assess the effect of clinical factors and gene polymorphism on stable warfarin dosage in Chinese Han population,then and to establish a dose adjustment model for clinical individualized medication.METHODS: Based on the specified standard,203 patients after cardiac valve surgery and taking with stable warfarin dosage treatment in a hospital from January 2011 to October 2013 were enrolled in the study. As well,all the patients′CYP2C9^*3,VKORC1-1639G/A genetic polymorphisms were detected by PCR-RELP and sequencing technology. Effects of above-mentioned gene polymorphisms on the dose of warfarin combining with clinical characteristics of patients were analyzed and set up computation model by multiple stepwise regression analysis.RESULTS: There was no significant association between the sexgender,smoking status,drinking status and hypertension history with stable warfarin dosage (P＞0.05).The stable dose of warfarin was negatively correlated with age(r=-0.155,P=0.027) and positively correlated with body height and body weight of patients(r=0.166,0.190,P=0.009,0.003).There were statistically significance significant in the effect of CYP2C9^*3,VKORC1-1639G/A polymorphisms on the dose of warfarin (P＜0.01). A medication model D=2.855－1.173×CYP2C9(AC)＋0.020×W－0.024×A＋4.064×VKORC1(GG)＋1.486×VKORC1(GA) was obtained.CONCLUSION: It shows that age,body height,body weight and CYP2C9^*3,VKORC1-1639G/A genetic polymorphisms have influences on the stable dose of warfarin. Individualized medication of warfarin could be optimized and probably better the individualized medication of warfarin based on the model which needs to be furthermore verified in clinic.

Study on the relationship between the MDR1 and CYP3A genetic polymorphisms and serum digoxin concentration in 111 patients with chronic heart failure

OUYANG Cang-hong, XIE Juan

2014, 19(3):  291-296. 

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AIM: To investigate the impact of MDR1C3435T, CYP3A4^*18B and CYP3A5^*3 genetic polymorphism on serum digoxin concentration in Chinese Han patients with chronic heart failure.METHODS: Drug concentration data of digoxin for a group of 111 unrelated Chinese Han patients with chronic heart failure were retrospectively collected after them taken therapeutic drug monitoring (TDM) of digoxin. And their genotypes of MDR1C3435T, CYP3A4^*18B and CYP3A5^*3 alleles were determined by PCR-RFLP method. We investigated the effect of MDR1C3435T, CYP3A4^*18B and CYP3A5^*3 genetic polymorphism on serum digoxin concentration.RESULTS: In old people (older than 70 years), the serum digoxin concentration in MDR1CC3435 and MDR1TT3435 vs. MDR1TT3435 groups showed a significant difference (P<0.05); But there was no statistical difference on the serum digoxin concentration with CYP3A4^*18B or CYP3A5^*3 genetic polymorphism (P>0.05).CONCLUSION: The effect of MDR1C3435T genetic polymorphism increased the serum digoxin concentration; CYP3A4^*18B or CYP3A5^*3 genetic polymorphism may have no significant effect on the serum digoxin concentration.

Study of pharmacokinetics and relative bioequivalence of single and multiple oral doses of ibuprofen sustained-release capsules

ZHANG Yi-wen, CHEN Yao, TAN Zhi-rong, YU Jing, PENG Jing-bo, OU YANG Dong-sheng, ZHOU Hong-hao

2014, 19(3):  297-301. 

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AIM: To develop a high performance liquid chromatography method for the determination of ibuprofen in human plasma,and to evaluate the bioequivalence of two preparations of ibuprofen.METHODS: Twenty-four healthy male volunteers were given a single or multiple oral dose of 300 mg sustained-release capsule of each preparation in a randomized two-way,crossover study.Serial plasma samples were analyzed by a high performance liquid chromatography method. Pharmacokinetic parameters were calculated and compared statistically to evaluate the bioequivalence between the two preparations by DAS 2.0 program.RESULTS: After orally a single dose (300 mg),the major pharmacokinetic parameters of the test and reference preparations were as follows:C_max were(12.7±5.4)and(13.5±5.9) μg/mL,t_max were(5.5±1.4)and (5.1±1.0) h,AUC_0→24 were(96.8±50.2) and(95.7±45.4) μg·h·mL^-1. After orally a multiple dose(300 mg),the major pharmacokinetic parameters of the test and reference preparations were as follows:t_max were(4.8±1.0)and (4.6±0.9) h,C_max were(14.1±5.3)and (14.9±6.4) μg/mL,C_av were(8.3±3.4)and(8.6±4.3) μg/mL,and DF were(117.2±35.3)% and (131.7±35.1)%. Main pharmacokinetic parameters between the two formulations in both single and multiples dose studies showed no statistical difference(P>0.05).CONCLUSION: The method was proved to be suitable for the determination of ibuprofen in human plasma. The result of the statistical analysis showed that two formulations of ibuprofen were bioequivalent.

Clinical application of monitoring thiopurine methyltransferase gene polymorphism and 6-thioguanine nucleotides concentration in red blood cells on inflammatory bowel disease patients with azathioprine treatment

XIA Quan, HUANG Yan, WANG Yan-yan, XU Du-juan, HU Nai-zhong, HU Jing, MEI Qiao, CHEN Fei-hu

2014, 19(3):  302-308. 

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AIM: To investigate the clinical application of monitoring TPMT gene polymorphism and 6-TGNs concentration on inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) patients with azathioprine treatment, so as to implementing individual dosage regimen.METHODS: Patients diagnosed with IBD were met the inclusion criteria, the TPMT*3 genotyping assay was based on polymerase chain reaction and Pyrosequencing for TPMT exon 7 (G460A) and TPMT exon 10 (A719G). The concentrations of 6-TGNs in red blood cells were measured by high-performance liquid chromatography.RESULTS: For 15 patients, TPMT^*3 genotyping were wild type and no mutation was found. The initial concentrations of 6-TGNs were 147.31-875.26 pmol per 8×10⁸ RBC and significant individual differences were obvious for patients with same dose azathioprine.CONCLUSION: TPMT genotyping is useful to predict the myelosuppression, while 6-TGNs monitoring is helpful to adjusting dose of azathioprine. Application of combining TPMP genotyping and 6-TGNs monitor may offer a basis for individualized and safe medication for IBD patients.

Clinical effect of meropenem and cefoperzone/sulbactan for acute leukemia with severe bacterial pneumonia

ZHENG Yan-hua , CHEN Yu, GU Lei

2014, 19(3):  309-312. 

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AIM: To evaluate the clinical effects and safety of meropenem and cefoperazone/sulbactan to acute leukemia diseases with severe bacterial pneumonia.METHODS: A total of 60 acute leukemia diseases with severe bacterial pneumonia were randomly divided into two groups with 30 cases in each,one group was treated with meropenem ,while the other was treated with cefoperzone/sulbactan.The clinical effection and the incidence of adverse reaction in the diseases were observed.RESULTS: In group treated with meropenem,25 cases were cured,efficacy markedly worked in 3 cases and the total effective rate was 93.33%,adverse reaction occurred in 1 case with the incidence of 3.33%;there was 1 case of skin rashes.13 of 30 cases(43.33%) were cultured positive with the positive rate of 43.33%,bacterial were eradicated in 11 cases with the eradication rate of 84.62%;while in group treated with cefoperzone/sulbactan,15 cases were cured,2 cases efficacy-markedly worked in 30 cases,the total effective rate was 43.33%,adverse reaction occurred in 6 cases with the incidence of 20%,mainly presented as skin rashes,coagulation abnormalities and liver hurted;12 of 30 cases were cultured positive with the positive rate of 40%,the bacteria were eradicated in 5 cases with the eradication rate of 41.67%;the differences in clinical effection and bacterial eradication rate between the two groups were signifinant(P<0.05).The treatment for all of the study cases was completed without any stop caused by adverse reaction.CONCLUSION: The clinical effect of meropenem was better than that of cefoperazone/sulbactam in acute leukemia diseases with severe pneumonia .

Effects of intermediate frequency pulse electric therapy on phlebitis caused by PICC

WANG Qing-hua, SUN Ai-ping, XU Ye-song, BAO Shi-feng, XIE Fa-qing, ZHANG Feng-li, YU Zheng-zhi, CAI Jing

2014, 19(3):  313-316. 

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AIM: To explore the effect of intermediate frequency pulse electric therapy on Phlebitis caused by peripherally inserted central catheter(PICC).METHODS: Ninety cases of phlebitis caused by PICC were randomly divided into 3 groups (group A, B and C,n=30). Group A, B and C were treated by intermediate frequency pulse electric therapy, Kang whirlpool posted therapy and moist heat therapy respectively.The degree of pain, swelling and the cure rate were observed on the 3rd day, 5th day and 7th day after treatment.RESULTS: The reduced level of pain among the three groups on the 3rd day, 5th day and 7th day was statistically significant (P<0.01 for all). The difference of the eliminated degree of swelling on the 5th day and 7th day was statistically significant (P<0.01). The cure rate was statistically significant different on the 7th day. The better effect of the treatment was observed in group A comparing with group B or C (P<0.01),but there was no obvious difference between group B and C (P>0.05).CONCLUSION: The intermediate frequency pulse electric therapy is effective in alleviating local pain and swelling, and shows a better effect in the treatment of phlebitis caused by PICC than kang whirlpool transparent stickers or moist heat,and this method is worthly being recommended in the clinical application.

Brief introduction on construction of drug clinical trial institution construction under the implementation of major new drug innovation and development

CHENG Xiao-Hua, LIU Li-Zhong, XIONG Yu-qing, XIA Chun-hua, LV Nong-hua

2014, 19(3):  317-319. 

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In order to investigate the construction of drug clinical trial institution under implementation of “Major New Drugs Innovation and Development”, sharing our experience of management of drug clinical trial institution and project implementation. Since implementation of major new drugs innovation and development, our hospital increased investment in software and hardware, drug clinical trial institution carried out a large number of work to strengthen the quality of the whole management process of clinical trials, revision of the management system and standard operating procedures, building information management platform, Application a number of international certification system on-site certification. The capability of research and management in clinical trials had been significantly improved, ensured the efficacy in operation and management in clinical trials.

Brief introduction to phase I clinical trial subjects management

HUANG Ping, ZUO Rong, XIA Chun-hua, XIONG Yu-qing

2014, 19(3):  320-322. 

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Discuss subject recruitment and compliance management in the process of the phase I clinical trial. Analysis the difficulties in recruiting subjects and take effective measures to improve recruitment efficiency and subject compliance. In the whole process of trial, improving subject compliance depends mainly on researchers' sincere care, respect, kindness and solid knowledge of medical skill.

Exploration of how to strengthen the ethical review of medical apparatus clinical trials

SUN Wen-xiong, GE Xiao-zhen, LI Jian, YUAN Zhao, LUO Xu-jun, JIN Gao-feng

2014, 19(3):  323-325. 

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A systematic analysis on the content and process of ethical review is conducted to discuss review points and find an efficient way to solve current problems.To provide reference for medical institutions to improve quality and level of medical apparatus clinical trial ethics review

Practice and experience to SAS statistical analysis in medical instrument clinical trial

ZHANG Tao, SUN Ying, LIU Hua-qiang, ZHAO Yan

2014, 19(3):  326-330. 

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Medical instrument clinical trial is to evaluate the clinical safety of the human body, the validity of the preliminary test. With the rapid development of science and technology, research and development of medical devices is increasing year by year, improving the medical clinical trial level is more important. Medical statistics is to ensure that the clinical trial design scientific, reasonable. SAS is important software in statistical analysis of medical instrument clinical trial. This article mainly introducing the correctly understand and choose in statistical results, so as to make statistical analysis more accurate and scientific.

Current issues and challenges in clinical trials of Doctor and Patient Rights Protection

BI Jing-feng, WANG Hong, CHEN Da-wei, ZHANG Li, DUAN Feng, XU Wen-tao, TAN Jun-yuan, WEI Zhen-man

2014, 19(3):  331-333. 

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This article discussed current issues and challenges in clinical trials of Doctor and Subjects Rights Protection from 3 factors: Contradiction between subjects' compensation and ethical principles, medical safety and scientific evaluation issues arising from professional subjects, contradiction between adverse events and medical compensation.

Cell Metabonomics and its Applications

YAO Wei-feng, ZHOU Li-na, ZHANG Li, DING An-wei, LI Wei

2014, 19(3):  334-340. 

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Cell metabonomics is often defined as the set of small molecule metabolites in intracellular and membrane. Metabolites are involved in a diverse range of intracellular processes, and their concentrations closely reflect the phenotype of an organism, tissue, or cell. Cell metabonomics is an emerging filed, and it can solve fundamental biological questions and is used to observe metabolic phenomena in cells. In the postgenomics era, cell metabonomics has many potential advantages compared with currently used methods, and it has become a promising analytical tools. This paper briefly reviewed the major research process of cell metabonomics and the progress in application and the integration with other omics.

Plasma Double-peak Phenomenon Following Oral Administration

WANG Yan, YANG Guo-ping, GUO Cheng-xian, PEI Qi, ZHANG Ran-ran, HUANG Lu

2014, 19(3):  341-345. 

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The plasma concentration-time curves of many drugs often show a double-peak or mutiple-peak phenomenon after oral administration. The non-uniformly rate of drug disintegrate and release from the dosage form and lipid solubility may be the common causes of this matter. Enterohepatic circulation and gastric pH were thought to be the two main factors for the double-peak phenomenon from Physiology Perspective. According to the lasted report,there were multiple mechanism of double-peak phenomenon and the greater part of them have been controversial, mainly include that gastricmotility, multiple gastrointestinal tract absorption site, uneven distribution of P-glycoprotein in gut and so on. The main purpose of the article is summarizing the research situation of the mechanism of this phenomenon to provide reference for clinical safe drug use.

Research progress on the correlation of inflammation factor and primary dysmenorrhea

XIE Dan, JU Ming-qiao, CAO Peng, WANG Da-wei, YU Bo-yang

2014, 19(3):  346-350. 

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Primary dysmenorrheal, one of the most common gynaecological disorders, is greatly concerned due to its strong influence on the normal work and life. It has been widely studied in recent years, finding that inflammatory factors played an important role in the pathogenesis of primary dysmenorrhea. The aim of our work was to review the effect of inflammatory factor on primary dysmenorrheal and new progression in therapy.

Adervances in the research of multidrug resistance-associated protein 1 and its relationship with tumor

LI Jun, JIANG Kui, ZHANG Xue-mei

2014, 19(3):  351-355. 

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Multidrug resistance (MDR) is a major impediment to the cancer chemotherapy. Multidrug resistance associated protein 1(MRP1/ABCC1) is thought to be one of the main transmembrane proteins that mediate tumor multidrug resistance. Exploring its structure and function,as well as the relationship between MRP1/ABCC1 and tumor, will be beneficial to provide an optimal strategy and evaluate the prognosis of tumor.

Research progress of fenofibrate in the mechanism of myocardial hypertrophy

HUANG Jin-xian, ZHOU Si-gui

2014, 19(3):  356-360. 

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As lipid-regulating drug, the mechanism of fenofibrate is not clear. A large number of basic studies have been confirmed that it can inhibit myocardial hypertrophy. The clinical treatment of myocardial hypertrophy has provided a broad field of vision and theoretical basis. The treatment of fenofibrate in myocardial hypertrophy through the possible mechanism was reviewed. Further understanding of the other pharmacological effects of fenofibrate except for regulating blood lipid is needed. Further signal pathway and broader prospects are expected.