Table of Content

Volume 19 Issue 5
26 May 2014

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Effects of Wei Chang An regulated PTBP3 on expression of multiple genes in human gastric cancer cells

CHEN Bin, MU Xiao-yan, ZHAO Ai-guang, TAO Li, XU Yan

2014, 19(5):  481-487. 

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AIM: To study the effect of PTBP3 on the expression of Bcl-2,Stat3 in human gastric cancer cells, researching the related mechanisms between the anti-tumor effect of Wei Chang An(WCA) with regulated the expression of PTBP3 and other genes in gastric cancer cells.METHODS: Balb/c mice were planted MKN-45 cancer cells which were stably transfected with the Plasmids contained the siRNA of PTBP3 to establish experimental model, after that were randomizedly divided into WCA high dose group, WCA low dose group, 5-FU group and control group. The effects of PTBP3 and WCA on the tumor growth were observed.The mRNA and protein expression of PTBP3, Bcl-2 and Stat3 were detected with Utilized Real-time Quantitative PCR and Western Blot.RESULTS: In the silencing PTBP3 model and no-silencing PTBP3 model, the tumor weights of WCA high and low dose group and 5-FU group were lower than those in the control group in the same model, the differences were statistically significant (P values all are 0.000); the tumor weight of silencing PTBP3 model was lower than that in the no-silencing PTBP3 model, the difference was statistically significant (P=0.000). Real-time Quantitative PCR and Western Blot showed: compared with the no-silencing PTBP3 model, in the silencing PTBP3 model, the mRNA expression of PTBP3, Bcl-2 and Stat3 were down regulated, the difference was statistically significant, the protein expression of PTBP3, Bcl-2 and Stat3 were down regulated too.In the no-silencing PTBP3 model, compared with the control group, the mRNA expression of PTBP3, Bcl-2 and Stat3 in WCA groups and 5-FU group were down regulated, the difference was statistically significant, the protein expression of PTBP3, Bcl-2 and Stat3 were down regulated too. In the silencing PTBP3 model, there was no significant difference between WCA groups, 5-FU group with control group on the mRNA and protein expression of PTBP3; the mRNA expression of Bcl-2 and Stat3 in WCA groups were lower than those in the control group, the difference was statistically significant, the protein expression of Bcl-2 and Stat3 were down regulated too.CONCLUSION: PTBP3 can up-regulated the expression of Bcl-2 and Stat3 in gastric cells, the anti-tumor mechanism of WCA related with WCA down-regulated the expression of PTBP3 and Bcl-2,Stat3 genes in gastric cancer cells.

Adjusting autophagy to augment sensitivity of 5-FU in Bel-7402/FU cells

WANG Meng, HUANG Can, YANG Cui, XIA Quan , XU Du-juan

2014, 19(5):  488-492. 

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AIM: To explore the effects of autophagy in the sensitivity of Hepatocellular carcinoma cells line Bel-7402/FU to 5-FU.METHODS: Hepatocellular carcinoma cells lines Bel-7402 and Bel-7402/FU were treated with 5-FU or 3-MA, or pretreated with 3-MA followed by 5-FU. MTT method test was used to determine the proliferative inhibition rate. Flow cytometry was used to examine cell apoptosis. The GFP-LC3B morphological changes were observed by fluorescent microscope.RESULTS: The IC₅₀ values of 5-FU in Bel-7402 and Bel-7402/FU cells were 4.66 μg /mL and 68.14 μg /mL, respectively.The apoptosis rates of the Bel-7402 and Bel-7402/FU were 13.80% and 1.09%,respectively. When 5-FU was used combined with 3-MA, the IC₅₀ values of 5-FU in Bel-7402 and Bel-7402/FU cells were 4.31 μg /mL and 29.44 μg /mL. The apoptosis rates of Bel-7402 and Bel-7402/FU were 13.82% and 6.86%, respectively. 3-MA decreased 5-FU-induced punctuate spot formation in Bel-7402/FU.CONCLUSION: Autophagy is connected with 5-FU-resistance and inhibition of autophagy can reverse 5-FU-resistance in Bel-7402 /FU.

Inhibitory effect of anti-tumor componentⅠfrom Agkistrodon acutus venom on human lung cancer A549 cells

XU Ping, ZHANG Gen-bao, WANG Fei, WU Juan, HUANG FU Zheng-tong

2014, 19(5):  493-496. 

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AIM: To research the inhibitory and apoptosis effect of anti-tumor component I(AAVC-I) from Agkistrodon acutus venom on human lung cancer A549 cells.METHODS: The inhibition rate after 24 h and 48 h with different concentrations of AAVC-I on A549 was detected by MTT method. The form of apoptosis was observed by HE staining and Hoechst fluorescent staining. The expression change of bax protein after AAVC-I treatment was detected by immunohistochemical staining method.RESULTS: MTT showed that AAVC-I could inhibit the proliferation of A549 in a time- and dose-dependent manner. The form of apoptosis in A549 could be observed by ordinary microscope and fluorescent staining when treated with AAVC-I for 24 h. Immunohistochemical staining showed that the mean light density had a trend of increase in dose dependency, which indicated that the expression of bax increased accordingly.CONCLUSION: AAVC-I had an inhibitory effect on A549 cell proliferation, apoptosis promoting effect as well, which maybe related to the increase of bax expression.

Interference of shRNA on survivin attenuate cellular DNA damage repair induced by ultraviolet radiation

SHEN Jie, CHU Ji-ru, JIA Yuan-wei, LIU Xiao-ping

2014, 19(5):  497-502. 

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AIM: To detect the DNA damage repair effect and its mechanism mediated by survivin during UV-induced apoptosis in tumor cells.METHODS: This study constructed and packaged lentiviral vector for survivin shRNA. Transfection efficiency and titer were measured by the dilution method. Real-time fluorescence quantitative method was applied to identify interference effects. Host-cells reactivating assay (HCR) was adopted to evaluate impact of survivin on cellular DNA damage repair capacity.RESULTS: Interference of survivin significantly reduced cellular DNA damage repair on lung adenocarcinoma H1299.CONCLUSION: Survivin plays an important role in DNA damage repair. Our research provides evidence for cancer therapy targeting survivin.

Effects of Liuweidihuang Formula (LWDHF) on ET,TXA₂,PGI₂ and protecting the endotheliocytes in the blood plasma of rats with hyperlipidemia

YU Li-zhen, BIAN Hui-ming , YU Jing-hua

2014, 19(5):  503-506. 

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AIM: To observe the effects of Liuweidihuang Formula (LWDHF) on ET,TXA₂,PGI₂ and protecting the endotheliocytes in the blood plasma of rats with hyperlipidemia.METHODS: The hyperlipidemia rat model was established by feeding high cholesterol diet. Circulating endothelial cells (CEC) in peripheral blood and the pathological change of aortas were detected. Meanwhile the levels of plasma Endothelin (ET) , prostaglandin I₂ (PGI₂),thromboxane A₂ (TXA₂) were measured.RESULTS: LWDHF could decrease CEC in peripheral blood and the injury of aortic endothelial cells in hyperlipidemia rats,and the levels of plasma ET, TXA₂ were decreased, the level of PGI₂ was increased.CONCLUSION: LWDHF might protect vascular endothelial cells of hyperlipidemia rat. The mechanism may relate to improve the secretion function of endothelial cell.

Efficacy and therapeutic mechanism of recombinant human endostatin on malignant ascites in mice

WU Chun-yan, WANG Wei, CHEN Xin, CHEN Dong-yun, RUI Jing

2014, 19(5):  507-511. 

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AIM: To investigate the effect and mechanism of recombinant human endostatin (endostar) in therapy malignant ascites in mice.METHODS: Mouse models bearing ascites tumors were established via intraperitoneal injection of H22 cell lines.120 ICR mice were randomly divided into 5 groups and recieved intraperitoneal injection once a day for five(cisplatin)or six(endoustar) days: control(0.9% normal saline),endostar group1(8 mg/kg), endostar group2 (8 mg/kg, received injection after H22 cell line injection 24 hours),combined group (endostar 8 mg/kg plus cisplatin 1 mg/kg), cisplatin group (1 mg/kg). Besides the endostar group2, all groups received intraperitoneal injection at the sixth day after mouse model established .Weight, volume of ascites ,life span and adverse reaction in each group were recorded respectively.The levels of Evan's blue dye in the ascites fluid were assayed to determine the mouse peritoneal microvascular permeability.The levels of VEGF, MMP-2 in serum and ascites fluid were determined by ELISA assay.RESULTS: Compared with control group, all treatment groups could reduce the peritoneal ascites fluid,prolong the life span, decrease the peritoneal microvascular permeability and levels of VEGF, MMP-2 in serum and ascites fluid (P<0.05),and the combined group is more obviously.CONCLUSION: Endostar combined with cisplatin could improve the efficacy because it significantly decreases the levels of VEGF, MMP-2 in serum and ascites fluid.

Effects of montelukast on learning memory and cholinergic system in model mice induced by scopolamine

LI Juan, ZHONG Zheng-ling, CHU Ji-ru, LAI Jin-e, XU Wen-ke, HONG Hao, XIE Hai-tang

2014, 19(5):  512-516. 

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AIM: To investigate the effects of montelukast on learning memory and cholinergic system in model mice induced by scopolamine.METHODS: Mice were randomly divided into 5 groups: vehicle plus vehicle (Veh+Veh), scopolamine plus vehicle(Scop+Veh), scopolamine plus donepezil (Scop+Done 2.0 mg/kg), scopolamine plus montelukast 1.0 mg·kg^-1·d^-1 (Scop+Mon 1.0 mg/kg) and scopolamine plus montelukast 2.0 mg·kg^-1·d^-1 (Scop+Mon 2.0 mg/kg). The drugs were intragastrically administered for 14 consecutive days at 0.5 h after intraperitoneal injection with scopolamine (1.0 mg·kg^-1·d^-1) in mice. Mice were submitted to Morris water maze (MWM) test and Y maze test. Changes in cholinergic system reactivity were also examined by measuring the acetylcholine and acetylcholinesterase in the hippocampus and cortex.RESULTS: Scopolamine injection induced learning memory impairment in the MWM test and Y maze test and severe decrease of cholinergic system reactivity, as indicated by reduced acetylcholine levels and increased acetylcholinesterase activity. Daily administration of montelukast significantly decreased the escape latency times to the platform during acquisition trials, increased the times in target quadrant and the number of crossing times in the probe trial, and times of correct response in Y maze test. This treatment also significantly decreased TChE activity and increased ACh levels in hippocampus and cortex.CONCLUSION: Montelukast demonstrates a significant neuroprotective effect against scopolamine-induced learning memory impairment resulting from Ach elevation through decreasing TChE activity.

The detection of plasmid mediated quinolone resistance genes in carbapenem-resistant klebsiella-pneumoniae clinical isolates

HANG Ya-ping, NING Chang-xiu, WANG Hong, ZHONG Qiao-shi, HU Xiao-yan, ZHANG Bai-ling, ZHANG Nan, HU Long-hua

2014, 19(5):  517-521. 

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AIM: To investigate distribution of plasmid mediated quinolone resistance(PMQR) genes in carbapenem-resistant klebsiella-pneumoniae(CRKP) clinical isolates.METHODS: 29 CRKPs were collected , PCR amplifications were performed and the products were sequenced to determine the genetypes.RESULTS: The detection rate of PMQR genes was 48.3%(14/29),5 strains carring qnrB gene, including qnrB2 1 strain,qnrB4 3 strain,qnrB10 1 strain; 5 strains carring qnrS1 gene; 1 strain both carring qnrS1 and qnrB4; 3 strains carring aac(6')-Ib-cr gene. All the 14 strains were positive for PMQR genes harbored β-lactamase genes and 8 strains also harbored carbapenemase genes, accounting for 57.1%(8/14),blaKPC-2(4/14)and blaNDM-1(3/14)were the main genotypes of carbapenemase genes.CONCLUSION: PMQR genes are common among the clinical isolates of CRKP, predominantly qnr genotype,and the carring rate of carbapenemase genes is high in qnr-positive isolates,all which are multiple drug-resistant strains.

In vitro inhibition of 4 anti-tumor traditional Chinese medicine injections on activities of 7 main cytochrome P450s in human liver microsome

LIU Li-ya, HAN Yong-long, YU Qi, ZHU Jin-hui, GUO Cheng

2014, 19(5):  522-527. 

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AIM: To evaluate the inhibition of 4 anti-tumor traditional Chinese medicine injections on activities of 7 main cytochrome P450s CYP1A2, CYP2B6, CYP2C8, CYP2C9, CYP2C19, CYP2D6 and CYP3A4/5 in human liver microsome in vitro.METHODS: 4 anti-tumor traditional Chinese medicine injections were incubated with human liver microsomes in the presence of seven probe substrates of CYP450 isoforms, respectively. Using LC-MS/MS method simultaneous quantification of 7 probe substrate-derived metabolites acetaminophen(CYP1A2), hydroxy-bupropin(CYP2B6), n-desethyl-amodiaquine(CYP2C8), 4'-hydroxy-diclofenac(CYP2C9), 4'-hydroxy-mephenytoin(CYP2C19), dextrorphan(CYP2D6) and 1-hydroxy-midazolam(CYP3A) to determine the activity of 7 CYP450 isoforms. The inhibitory effects were evaluated with half maximal inhibitory concentration (IC₅₀) values.RESULTS: IC₅₀ value of Xiao-Ai-Ping injection on CYP1A2, CYP2B6, CYP2C8, CYP2C9, CYP2C19, and CYP3A4/5 was 0.51%, 1.34%, 1.42%, 0.93%, 1.09%, and 0.75%, respectively. IC₅₀ value of Ai-Di injection on CYP2C8 was 0.21%. IC₅₀ value of Xiao-Ai-Ping injection on CYP2D6 was 2.58%; IC₅₀ value of Ai-Di injection on CYP2B6, CYP2C9, CYP2C19, and CYP3A4/5 was 13.24%, 16.31%, 4.27%, and 3.73%, respectively; IC₅₀ value of Hua-Chan-Su injection on CYP1A2, CYP2B6, CYP2C8, and CYP2D6 was 3.50%,28.01%, 20.32%, and 32.59%, respectively; IC₅₀ value of Kang-Ai injection on CYP1A2, CYP2B6, CYP2C8, CYP2D6, and CYP3A4/5 was 2.55%, 15.32%, 1.44%, 1.72%, and 3.99%, respctively, IC₅₀ values of them were exceeded their daily-dose concentrations, totally. The activity inhibition rates of Ai-Di injection on CYP1A2 and CYP2D6; Hua-Chan-Su injection on CYP2C9, CYP2C19 and CYP3A4/5; Kang-Ai injection on CYP2C9 and CYP2C19, were less than 50% within their concentration rangs of determinations.CONCLUSION: In vitro, Xiao-Ai-Ping injection and Ai-Di injection show significant inhibitory effect on CYP1A2, CYP2B6, CYP2C8, CYP2C9, CYP2C19, CYP3A4/5 and CYP2C8, respectively, under normal dosage. Xiao-Ai-Ping injection, Ai-Di injection, Hua-Chan-Su injection and Kang-Ai injection show minor inhibitory effect on CYP2D6; CYP2B6, CYP2C9, CYP2C19, CYP3A4/5; CYP1A2, CYP2B6, CYP2C8, CYP2D6 and CYP1A2, CYP2B6, CYP2C8, CYP2D6, CYP3A4/5, respectively. Ai-Di injection, Hua-Chan-Su injection and Kang-Ai injection don't show inhibitory effect on CYP1A2, CYP2D6; CYP2C9, CYP2C19, CYP3A4/5 and CYP2C9, CYP2C19, respectively.

Effects of acid-sensing ion channel 1a on acid-induced activation of Hepatic stellate cells

PAN Chun-xiao, TANG Jie, WANG Xiao-yu, WANG Wen, LIU Jia-li, WU Fan-rong, CHEN Fei-hu

2014, 19(5):  528-533. 

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AIM: To investigate the role of acid-sensing ion channel 1α in acid-induced activation of Hepatic stellate cells.METHODS: HSC-T6 cells were incubated in different pH medium without or with amiloride or psalmotoxin1 for 3 hours, which were non-specific or specific blockers of ASIC1α, respectively. Cell cytotoxicity was measured by Lactate Dehydrogenase Release Assay Kit and the mRNA expressions of ASIC1α was detected through reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). The mRNA and protein expression of Calpain and Calcineurin in different group were detected by RT-PCR or Western Blot.RESULTS: The cytotoxicity of the HSC-T6 cells was increased by extracellular acidosis with both pH 6.5, pH 6.0 and pH 5.5 condition, and the cytotoxicity was decreased by non-specific and specific blockers of ASIC1α. As the pH declined, the mRNA expression of ASIC1α increased gradually. Compared with that incubated in pH 7.4 medium, the protein and mRNA expression of Calpain and Calcineurin in HSCs with acidification medium (pH 6.0) was significantly increased. Amiloride and PcTx-1 could both remarkably decrease the expression of Calpain and Calcineurin. ASIC1a inhibitors can also reduce the expression of α-SMA.CONCLUSION: These results demonstrated that ASIC1a is involved in acid-induced activation of hepatic stellate cells.

Role of heme oxygenase 1 on anti-inflammatory and immune regulation of animal model with asthma

ZHU Yue-yan, CHEN Yan-qin

2014, 19(5):  534-537. 

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AIM: To investigate the anti-inflammatory and immune regulation effect to asthma animal of oxygenase-1 (HO-1).METHODS: 60 Balb / C mice were randomly divided into control, model, Hemin, SnPP four groups. Blank group didn’t creat asthma model. Model group, Hemin group and SnPP mice were created asthma model by ovalbumin. Hemin group and SnPP group were given a certain amount of Hemin and SnPP, at the next day of the 27th day of administration, corresponding indicators were detected.RESULTS: After OVA sensitized excitation, compared with the control group,the OVA-SIgE concentration, BALF total cell number and EOS of model group were increased significantly (P<0.01), while Hemin group compared with model group had a very significant difference (P<0.01); levels of IL-10 in serum concentrations of model group compared with the control group decreased significantly (P<0.01),but Hemin group compared with the model group and SnPP group had increased in varying degrees; HO-1 expression of Model group, Hemin group and SnPP group was significantly increased compared with the control group; while Hemin group had increasd trend compared with SnPP group and model group.CONCLUSION: HO-1 may be inhibit airway inflammation of asthma mouse by promoting IL-10 factor, and can greatly reduce the serum levels of OVA-slgE and inflammatory cells. However, inflammation of asthma may be related to a variety of inflammatory cells and cytokines,it is a very complex process, and its anti-inflammatory mechanism of action requires further study.

Effects of 5-FU combined with embelin for the treatment of colorectal cancer

JIANG Zheng-cai, YE Bing, ZHOU Lei

2014, 19(5):  538-541. 

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AIM: To evaluate the effect of 5-FU combined with embelin on the treatment of colorectal cancer.METHODS: The anti-proliferation efficiency of 5-FU combined with embelin was evaluated by MTT assay and colony-forming assay. C26 cells were xenografted in mice to establish the animal model, which were used to evaluate the effect of anti-tumor. The tumor size sere measured every group. HE were used to observe the apoptosis of cancer cells.RESULTS: Both 5-FU and embelin could inhibit the growth of C26 cells compare to saline. The cell viability of C26 cells were 95%, 48%, 69% and 18% after the treatment of saline, 5-FU, embelin and 5-FU+embelin, respectively (P<0.01). Tumor spheroids continued to grow in size and volume in saline 152% of the primary volume. The change ratios of tumor spheroid volumes (%) were nearly 71%, 89% and 33% for 5-FU, embelin and 5-FU+embelin, respectively (P<0.01). The inhibition of colorectal cancer in vivo demonstrated the change ratios of tumor volumes (%) were nearly 179%, 149% and 121% for 5-FU, embelin and 5-FU+embelin, while the saline group was 185%, respectively (P<0.01).CONCLUSION: The 5-FU and embelin can inhibit the growth of colorectal cancer, and the combination of 5-FU and embelin may be a potentially effective treatment for colorectal cancer.

Effect of Chonglou Shenghua Tang on the expression of MMP-9 and TIMP-1 in endometrium and blood leukocyte and C-reactive protein level after caesarian section

JIANG Yan-jiao, YE Hui-jun, LIU Jia-li, ZHAO Zai-qiu, SUN Kai

2014, 19(5):  542-547. 

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AIM: To detect the expression of matrix metalloproteinases-9 (MMP-9) and tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase-1 (TIMP-1) in endometrium after caesarian section, and the change of blood leukocyte count, neutrophil percentage, serum C-reactive protein (CRP) level, and to explore the mechanism of Chonglou Shenghua Tang for preventing lochiorrhagia after caesarian section (CS).METHODS: The prospective study was designed as randomized and single blind research from Jan 2011 to Jan 2013. 60 women underwent caesarian section (CS) indicated by obstetric factors were enrolled from the 2ED clinical medical college of Zhejiang Chinese Medical University and assigned into three groups: group of Chonglou Shenghua Tang: 20 cases were administered by Chonglou Shenghua Tang 100 mL, per 12 h 14 d after CS; group of Classical Shenghua Tang: 20 cases were administered by Classical Shenghua Tang 100 mL, per 12 h 14 d after CS and group of placebo: 20 cases were administered by placebo 100 mL, per 12 h 14 d after CS. The expressions of MMP-9 and TIMP-1 in endometrium were determined using immunohistochemistry at 16th days after CS, and blood leukocyte and CRP were detected at 5th days and 16th days after CS.RESULTS: The levels of MMP-9 expression decreased gradually in Chonglou Shenghua Tang group, Classical Shenghua Tang group and placebo group at 16th days after CS, respectively, with statistical significance (P＜0.05). The levels of TIMP-9 expression and the ratio of MMP-9/TIMP-1 increased gradually in Chonglou Shenghua Tang group, Classical Shenghua Tang group and placebo group at 16th days after CS,respectively, with statistical significance (P＜0.05). Blood leukocyte count, neutrophil percentage and CRP increased gradually in Chonglou Shenghua Tang group, Classical Shenghua Tang group and placebo group at 5th days and 16th days after CS, respectively, with statistical significance (P＜0.05).CONCLUSION: These results suggest that reduced expressions of MMP-9, and increased TIMP-1,and reduced the ratio MMP-9/TIMP-1 in endometrium and reduced inflammatory indexes in the blood may play important roles in Chonglou Shenghua Tang preventing lochia after cesarean section.

Nebulized Budesonide suspension in maintenance therapy of patients with severe persistent asthma

MAN Zhen-zhen, SUN Shu-fang, HAO Wan-ming, HAN Wei, TANG Hua-ping

2014, 19(5):  548-551. 

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AIM: To observe the curative effect and safety of Budesonide inhalation suspension (BIS) in maintenance therapy of patients with severe persistent asthma .METHODS: 24 patients with severe asthma were screened,the patients enrolled were treated with BIS 2 mg twice a day and salbutamol aerosol as need for 8 weeks. The curative effect outcomes after 4 treating weeks and 8 treating weeks, including pulmonary function test (FEV₁), asthma symptom scores,salbutamol aerosol use, as well as the side effects index at the end of study, such as urocortisol level, were collected and compared before study(baseline).RESULTS: 21 patients were successfully enrolled,20 of which completed the treatment. The curative effect outcomes were improved compared with the baseline(P<0.05), FEV₁ was improved by 12.7% and 13.7%, daytime symptom scores were improved by 31.3% and 29.8%, night symptom scores were improved by 32.8% and 36.8%, times of Ventolin daily use were reduced by 39.1% and 41.2% after 4 weeks treatment and 8 weeks treatment respectively. After 8 weeks treatment, urocortisol in all patients was normal range and no severe side effect occurred.CONCLUSION: BIS has good curative effect and safety in treating patients with severe persistent asthma as maintenance therapy.

Study on the time of delivery and pregnancy outcomes in good control of gestational diabetes mellitus

LIU Yi, ZHAO Xin-er, QIU Xiao- fei, DAI Mi-mi, QIU Hai-fan, YU-Hui jun

2014, 19(5):  552-556. 

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AIM: To investigate the time of delivery and pregnancy outcomes in good control of gestational diabetes mellitus.METHODS: 180 single pregnancies with gestational diabetes treated with medical nutrition therapy and kinesitherapy were observed from 28 to 38 weeks in the second Affilated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University from Jan 2010 to Jan 2013.All the patients had been divided into two groups:83 for labour group and 97 for expectant group.Labour inducted to the patients after cervix maturation examing for labour guoup since 38 weeks.Nothing special done to expectant group until nature parturient or labour for gestational period complication.RESULTS: There is a low cesarean section rate in labour group compares to expectant group as while as postpartum hemorrhage, polyhydramnios, oligoamnios,fetal distress, neonatal asphyxia(P<0.05).There is no significant difference in neonate birth weight and fetal macrosomia between the two groups(P>0.05). BMI>25 (kg/m²), fasting blood glucose (FBG), oral glucose tolerance test(OGTT 2 h), food control blood sugar are not satisfied, dissatisfied with insulin to control blood sugar Gestational diabetes is expected timing of delivery of maternal adverse pregnancy related risk factors.CONCLUSION: Delivery should be considered to the good control gestational diabetes mellitus after 38 weeks,especially those associated with these risk factors in pregnant women.

Influence of morphine consumption on pancreatic cancer under neurolytic celiac plexus block

QU Pi-sheng, FU Shuang, HUANG Li-xia, WANG Zhen, TAO Fan, ZHENG Han-guang

2014, 19(5):  557-560. 

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AIM: To assess the influence of morphine consumption on pancreatic cancer after neurolytic celiac block for cancer pain.METHODS: 98 patients were reviewed in 2007 June-2013 May, who suffered from advanced pancreatic cancer pain, morphine consumption≧90 mg/d, VAS≧5. The 46 patients therapied with morphine oral titration in control group for adjusting the final dose of morphine, the 52 cases of observation group were carried on neurolytic celiac plexus block(NCPB) with dehydrated ethanol via CT-guided, observed and compared before treatment, after 1, 2, 4, 6 months of two groups of patients taking morphine drug dosage, pain score(VAS) and side-effects, complications.RESULTS: The observation group were treated by NCPB in the period of 1, 2, 4, 6 months later, consumption of morphine and VAS were lower than before treatment (P＜0.01) and there was a gradually increasing trend in morphine drug dosage and VAS, but each time period were lower than those of in the control group(P＜0.01) for morphine dosage. All of the 98 patients after treatment, there were no serious complications, 1 cases of NCPB for patients after treatment occurred abstinence reaction in morphine withdrawal.CONCLUSION: Neurolytic celiac plexus block can effectively reduce advanced pancreatic cancer pain and morphine consumption. Individual dosage of morphine intake is requisite in cancer pain.

Epidemiology and analysis on the correlation between resistance of pathogenic bacteria and the intensity of piperacillin-tazobactam apllication in intensive care unit from 2008 to 2012

LI Yuan-yuan, YU Feng, GE Wei-hong

2014, 19(5):  561-566. 

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AIM: To investigate the distribution and the correlation between the intensity of piperacillin-tazobactam application and drug resistance of clinical isolates from intensive care unit in hospital from 2008 to 2012.METHODS: Epidemiology, drug resistance and the intensity of piperacillin-tazobactam were studied from clinical laboratory and information centre retrospectively, and the correlation of drug resistance and the intensity of piperacillin-tazobactam was analyzed using SPSS software.RESULTS: The number of isolates was increased every year form 2008 to 2012. The proportion Gram-negative bacteria and Gram-positive bacteria had not changed significantly during the 5 years. Non-fermenting bacteria still accounted for the largest proportion. The proportion of Escherichia coli and Klebsiella pneumoniae had increased respectively, while the proportion of Acinetobacter baumannii and Staphylococcus aureus had decreased oppositely. The drug resistance rates of MASR were 96.2%, 82.5%, 79.6%, 74.7% and 78.1% respectively ,trending downward, from 2008 to 2012, and Staphylococcus aureus resisting to vancomycin and linezolid had not isolated. The resistance rate of Escherichia coli , Klebsiella pneumonia and Acinetobacter baumannii was related with the application density of piperacillin-tazobactam(P<0.05).CONCLUSION: The situation of bacterial high resistance and the high density of antimicrobial drug application is serious, and we should keep continuously close surveillance foe the changes of bacterial resistance in ICU and control the use of antibiotics.

Pharmacokinetics of semisodium valproate enteric-coated tablets in healthy Chinese volunteers

LIU Zhi-fang, GUO Xin, YU Peng, LIU Zhi, CHENG Hang, YANG Guo-ping, CHENG Ze-neng

2014, 19(5):  567-573. 

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AIM: To investigate the pharmacokinetics of semisodium valproate enteric-coated tablets in healthy Chinese volunteers after single or multiple doses.METHODS: This open and random 3×3 latin clinical trial involved 12 healthy volunteers. The volunteers received three single doses and then multiple doses. The concentration of valproic acid in plasma was determined by HPLC. The parameters were calculated using WinNonlin program.RESULTS: The main pharmacokinetic parameters of valproic acid after single doses (250, 500, 1 000 mg ) were as follows: C_max were (20.51±3.36), (39.01±4.06), (63.76±6.90) mg/L, respectively; t_max were (3.1±1.1), (3.7±2.9), (3.2±1.8) h, respectively; AUC_last were (427.9±106.0), (805.4±171.2), (1224.0±193.5) mg·h·L^-1, respectively; AUC_inf were (466.4±138.7), (872.1±231.5), (1315.9±247.3) mg·h·L^-1, respectively. The parameters of valproic acid after multiple doses (500 mg ) were C_max (76.71±9.97) mg/L, t_max(3.2±1.2) h;AUC_last (2057.0±344.0) mg·h·L^-1;AUC_inf ( 2212.9±397.1) mg·h·L^-1.CONCLUSION: The preparation has the effect of enteric, and the delay time of absorption is about 1.5-1.8 hours. After 250-500 mg single dose administration, the pharmacokinetic results show that valproic acid exhibits first order kinetic characteristics, but the pharmacokinetic process is nonlinear after single dose administration higher than 500 mg. After 500 mg multiple doses administration, active ingredient valproic acid exists significant accumulation, and the accumulation coefficient is 2.70 ± 0.24.

Advancement on pathogenesis of chemotherapy induced intestinal mucositis and its drug intervention: a review

GUO Jin-rui, ZHAN Zhen, KANG An, WANG Xiao-long

2014, 19(5):  573-578. 

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Intestinal mucositis is a common adverse reaction during chemotherapy, which was with high incidence, toxic, serious impact on cancer treatment and quality of life. Studies show that the pathogenesis of intestinal mucositis induced by chemotherapy is complex, thus the current drug intervention strategies were more, but the curative effect is not exact. In this paper, we reviewed the etiology of intestinal mucosal inflammation induced by chemotherapy and its possible mechanism, and summarized the possible mitigation way to alleviate the chemotherapy induced side effects. From this paper, we could provide reference for the development of rational treatment of this disease and related drugs.

Development of the megakaryocyte programmed cell death in Systemic lupus erythematosus complicated with thrombocytopenia

DOU Lei, XU Liang

2014, 19(5):  579-583. 

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Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is a kind of autoimmune disease which is characterized by immune inflammatory, thrombocytopenia is one of the common performances of SLE. The pathogenesis of SLE complicated with thrombocytopenia is always a difficult and hot problem.With the study of programmed cell death in SLE and autoimmune diseases, the programmed cell death of megakaryocytes is significant in the pathogenesis of SLE complicated with thrombocytopenia. This review is focus on the development of megakaryocyte programmed cell death in SLE complicated with thrombocytopenia.

Diagnosis and management of the hepatitis B reactivation in patients receiving cytotoxic chemotherapy

SUN De-cong, CHEN Li, WU Zhi-yong, DAI Guang-hai

2014, 19(5):  584-590. 

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Nearly one third of the world's population have been infected with hepatitis B and the virus is endemic in many Asian countries. China has a high prevalence of HBV, and the number of chronic carriers reaches to ninety-three million. Chemotherapy is an important component in comprehensive treatment of tumor and with increasing life expectancy and the expected global increase in cancer, chemotherapy induced reactivation of HBV is likely to become an increasing problem. Severe liver damage causing by HBV reactivation may also result in a delay to complete chemotherapy or even death of liver failure. It has been recognized that HBV reactivation following chemotherapy can effectively be prevented by nucleoside analogue. However, the optimal method of prevention and treatment have not been fully clarified.

Dosing algorithms for warfarin individualized therapy

HU Jing, ZHU Junrong, YU Feng

2014, 19(5):  591-596. 

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Warfarin is the most usually used oral anticoagulant with narrow therapeutic window,wide inter-individual variability and high risks of bleeding or thromboembolism.How to accurately adjust the dosage of warfarin has been the key point and hot topic of the anticoagulant therapy.Many factors may influence the dosage of warfarin, especially genomic aspects(mainly CYP2C9,VKORC1 and CYP4F2). Over the last decade, there exist a new opportunity for warfarin individual treatment with the fast development of warfarin pharmacogenetic algorithms and Population Phamacoketic/Pharmacodynamic models.Based on numerous warfarin stable dosage prediction algorithms studies,this review updates the studies of warfarin personalized treatment,with the aim of providing evidence for clinical practice.

Research progress of vancomycin nephrotoxicity

SUN Xiao-xiao, SHAO Hua, WANG You-qun

2014, 19(5):  597-600. 

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Vancomycin is an essential antibiotic to treat serious gram-positive bacterial infections, which is also linked to some extent of nephrotoxicity. The contemporary guidelines all promote to shift the vancomycin trough level to ensure the clinical efficacy. However, there is much debate that the high trough regimen may influence the renal function of patients. This article reviews the research progress of vancomycin-associated nephrotoxicity and mainly describes the relationship between trough levels and nephrotoxicity.