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Table of Content

    Volume 19 Issue 10
    26 October 2014
    Effect of salvianolic acid B on TGF-β1-induced proliferation and differentiation in lung fibroblasts
    ZHANG Min, CAO Shu-ren
    2014, 19(10):  1081-1086. 
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    AIM: To investigate the effect of salvianolic acid B on TGF-β1-induced proliferation and differentiation in lung fibroblasts. METHODS: The human embryonic lung fibroblasts (MRC-5) were randomly divided into six groups as follows: control group (cells cultured with DMEM without TGF-β1 or Sal B); Sal B groups (cells cultured with 1 μmol/L or 10 μmol/L Sal B); TGF-β1 group (cells cultured with 10 ng/mL TGF-β1); TGF-β1 (10 ng/mL) with 1 or 10 μmol/L of Sal B treated groups. The cell proliferation rates were analyzed by MTT assay. The protein levels of α-SMA were detected by Western blot, and the expressions of α-SMA mRNA were evaluated by RT-PCR.The expression of F-actin was detected by immunofluorescence. RESULTS: TGF-β1 treatment of lung fibroblasts increased cell proliferation rates and α-SMA expression, changed cell morphology from a spindle shape to a stellate shape, and induced F-actin reorganization to form abundant long stress fibers (P<0.01 as compared with control). The treatment with only Sal B did not affect the proliferation, α-SMA expression, cell morphology and F-actin reorganization of lung fibroblasts (P>0.05 as compared with control). Sal B was found to inhibit TGF-β1-induced cell proliferation, α-SMA expression, cell morphology change, and F-actin reorganization in lung fibroblasts (P<0.05 as compared with TGF-β1 group). The inhibitory effect of Sal B on TGF-β1-induced proliferation and differentiation in lung fibroblasts was more significant with the treatment of high-dose Sal B (1 vs 10 μmol/L, P<0.05). CONCLUSION: Sal B could inhibit TGF-β1-induced cell proliferation and differentiation in lung fibroblasts in vitro.
    Effects of Curc-OEG on primary rat hepatic stellate cells in vitro
    SUN Yong, HUANG Xiao-hua, SHEN Neng, TANG Hua-dong, REN Hong, PENG Ming-li
    2014, 19(10):  1086-1092. 
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    AIM: To investigate the effects and mechanisms of Curc-OEG on the proliferation, activation and apoptosis of hepatic stellate cells (HSCs). METHODS: The HSCs were isolated from male SD rats by collagenase IV and DNase digestion of liver, and further purified by percoll gradient centrifugation. Freshly isolated cells at day 2 were treated with Curc-OEG at concentrations of 0, 6.25 and 12.5 μg/mL for 7 days. The expression of α-SMA, TGF-β1 and Smad2 was confirmed by RT-PCR and Western blot. Activated HSCs at day 14 were treated with Curc-OEG at concentrations of 0, 6.25, 12.5, 25, 50 and 75 μg/mL for 24 h. The expression of Bax and Bcl-2 and other genes associated with fibrogenesis including TGF-β1, collagen I, NF-κB and TIMP-1 was observed with RT-PCR. RESULTS: After 7 days cultivation, Curc-OEG caused a significant concentration-dependent reduction in cell numbers of 56% and 86% at 6.25 and 12.5 μg/mL respectively compared with the control. At 12.5 μg/mL, Curc-OEG reduced α-SMA, TGF-β1 and Smad2 mRNA levels by 83%, 85% and 75%, and protein levels by 94%, 92% and 73%, respectively (P<0.05). Cell apoptosis was significantly increased at a concentration of 25 μg/mL Curc-OEG. At 50 μg/mL, Curc-OEG significantly upregulated the mRNA levels of the proapoptotic Bax by 2.3-fold,downregulated the antiapoptotic Bcl-2, TGF-β1, collagen I, NF-κB and TIMP-1 by 5.6-fold, 90%, 83%, 74% and 65%, respectively (P<0.05). CONCLUSION: Curc-OEG not only significantly inhibited the proliferation and activation of primary HSCs, but also induced apoptosis of activated HSCs and reduced ECM accumulation.
    Study on the mechanism of carbapenem resistance in Acinetobacter baumannii
    WANG Hong, HU Long-hua, NING Chang-xiu, HANG Ya-ping, ZHONG Qiao-shi, HU Xiao-yan, ZHANG Bai-ling, JIA Kun-ru
    2014, 19(10):  1093-1098. 
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    AIM: To investigate the mechanism of carbapenems resistance in Acinetobacter baumannii in nanchang. METHODS: Nonduplicate carbapenem- resistant A.baumannii (CRAB) isolates collected during 2012 in Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University,strains were identified by vitek-32 automatic microbe analyzer, antimicrobial susceptibility testing by Kirby-Bauer method,AmpC enzyme by three dimensional test,Metallo β-lactamases(MBLs) by EDTA synergy test. Resistance genes were amplified by PCR,the positive results were sequenced to identify the genotype. RESULTS: More than 90% of 84 CRAB isolates were resistant to 9 of 12 antimicrobial agents tested,but the least resistant to cefoperazone-sulbactam(44.0%),and all the strains were multiple drug-resistant. Among the 84 isolates,AmpC enzyme in 83(98.8%) strains was detected,no MBLs-producing strain was found by synergy test. All strains had blaOXA-23, blaOXA-51 and blaADC genes and one had blaOXA-58 gene,while MBLs and blaOXA-24 genes were all negative. The positive rates of adeB,adeS and adeR genes were 98.8%(83/84), 81.0%(68/84) and 67.9%(57/84). The carO gene was found in all isolates,class I intergase gene was detected in 69 isolates,each strain carried ISAba1. CONCLUSION: The drug resistance of CRAB is very severer in nanchang. Production of OXA-23 carbapenemase in A.baumannii is major mechanism of carbapenems resistance in local area. AmpC enzyme, efflux pump AdeABC, class I integron and ISAba1 may be closely related to multidrug resistance of CRAB.
    nNOS is required for enhancing proliferation of NSCs induced by OGD
    QIAN Xiao-dan, LUO Chun-xia, ZHU Dong-ya
    2014, 19(10):  1099-1106. 
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    AIM: To explore the mechanism of ischemia-induced neurogenesis in vitro. METHODS: Monolayer-cultured neural stem cells (NSCs) or neurons (before co-culture) were exposed to oxygen and glucose deprivation (OGD) for 2 h or 2.5 h. Cell proliferation was assessed by BrdU incorporation. We also performed RT-PCR, western blot, immunofluorescence, NOS activity assay and NOx content measurement to detect alteration of neuronal nitric oxide synthase (nNOS) in NSCs and neurons. RESULTS: That NSCs exposed to OGD alone or co-cultured with the OGD-injured neurons displayed a remarkably active proliferation rate. It was demonstrated that OGD exposure up-regulated nNOS in NSCs and down-regulated nNOS in neurons. nNOS knockout in NSCs or neurons( for co-culture experiment) reversed the enhanced proliferation rate of NSCs induced by OGD.CONCLUSION: nNOS alterations both in NSCs and neurons accounts for the OGD-induced NSCs proliferation.
    Protective effect of Potentilla anserina on ethanol-induced liver damage in mice
    LUO Hui-ying, HUANG Ya-hong, ZHU Li-juan, WANG Li-juan
    2014, 19(10):  1107-1110. 
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    AIM: To study the protection of Potentilla anserina on ethanol-induced liver damage in mice. METHODS: 50 mice were divided into 5 groups in random, and administered by gavage for 4 weeks. Potentilla anserina was given twice a day, ethanol once a day. When time limit arrived, mice were weighted, serum was afforded to detect liver function index, liver homogenate were prepared for biochemical detections, liver remained were fixed for pathological investigation.RESULTS: When mice damaged by ethanol, liver index, liver function index, contents of TG, TC, MDA and LPO increased distinctly(P<0.05), activities of SOD, GSH-Px and CAT decreased at the same time(P<0.05). Inflammatory infiltration and flat vacuoles were observed. Potentilla anserina ameliorated these changes evidently; the effects were dose-dependent. CONCLUSION: Protective effects of Potentilla anserina on ethanol-induced liver damage in mice were associated with antioxidation, enhancement of clearance of free radicals and metabolites, and inhibition of lipid overoxidation reactions.
    Genotyping of ABCG2 34G>A polymorphism by allele-specific PCR
    LI Tai-lin, XIE Hai-tang, XU Biao-bo, PENG Yan, WAN Zi-rui, SUN Hong, ZENG Ying, SHEN Jie, WANG Guo, ZHU Yuan-shan
    2014, 19(10):  1111-1115. 
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    AIM: To establish an allele-specific PCR method to genotype ABCG2 34 G>A polymorphism and verify it using 100 healthy subjects gDNA samples. METHODS: Allele-specific PCR primers with or without an additional mismatch nucleotide artificially introduced within the two bases closest to the 3' end were designed, and with different primer pairs, AS-PCR was used to detect ABCG2 34 allele of 100 gDNA samples. The Genotyping results were compared to pyrosequencing results of the same samples we did before. RESULTS: The discrimination ability of 34F/34Rn2 primer pairs was significantly better than the others, and the frequency of ABCG2 34AA, 34GA and 34GG of the 100 gDNA samples were 7%, 32% and 61% respectively, which was consistent with pyrosequencing. CONCLUSION: The results suggest the discrimination ability of AS-PCR method established in this study has been greatly improved and that will facilitate this time-saving, rapid and inexpensive technique into clinical application.
    Experimental study on the rationality of amiloride off-label use in treating primary aldosteronism
    TANG Hong-mei, TU Xing, CHAI Yu-na
    2014, 19(10):  1116-1120. 
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    AIM: To study the feasibility and security of amiloride off-label use in treating primary aldosteronism in order to provide reasonable basis for its treatment. METHODS: Using the primary aldosteronism (short for PA) rat model caused by Mini-Osmotic pump contain aldosterone as the research objects, then given the high, medium and low dose of amiloride for some days. Then observing therapeutical effect and the ADR on PA, and investigating the relationship of aldosterone's level and its secrete rate between the amiloride and aldosterone. RESULTS: The content of potassium ion in the urine of model group was far higher than the normal group, but in the blood it was far lower than normal group. After giving amiloride, the content of potassium ion in the urine of rats decreased, the content of sodion increased, while comparing to the indexes in blood, the content of potassium ion increased, and the content of sodion decreased. But white giving high dose of amiloride, the content of potassium ion in the blood increased significantly, which is more than normal rats. CONCLUSION: Amiloride can be off-label used in treating of primary aldosteronism, but when we give amiloride to patients we should pay much attention to the potassium in patients' blood.
    Effects of FASN on the growth of erlotinib-resistant cell line and its mechanism
    CHEN Xi, LI Min, MA Zhuo, WU Dan-dan, NI Ping, ZHAI Su-lan, LI Ping, ZOU Mei-juan, WANG Xue-rong
    2014, 19(10):  1120-1125. 
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    AIM: To observe the effects of FASN on the proliferation and mechanism in erlotinib-resistant NSCLC cells. METHODS: Dected protein and mRNA expression levels of FASN by Western blot and quantitative RT-PCR in parental HCC827 cells and paired erlotinib-resistant HCC827-ER cells. The 5-days growth curve of HCC827-EP/ER were determined by SRB assay,after downregulating of FASN with small-interference RNA,Meanwhile, dected protein and mRNA levels of FoxO1 .Cell numbers in 5 days were measured by SRB assay after HCC827-ER transfecting with active form of FoxO1 adenovirus. RESULTS: The expression of FASN in HCC827-ER cells increased compared with paired HCC827-EP cells. And downregulation of FASN expression inhibited the growth of HCC827-ER cells (P<0.05). Protein and mRNA expression levels of FoxO1 increased after downregulating FASN.Upregulation of FoxO1 inhibited the growth of HCC827-ER cells.CONCLUSION: FASN expressed in a higher lever in HCC827-ER cells compared with HCC827-EP cells.Downregulation of FASN expression inhibited the growth of HCC827-ER cells,possibly through increased FoxO1 expression.
    Simultaneous determination of geniposide, shanzhiside and genipin geniobioside concentration in dog dried plasma spots by LC-MS/MS
    CAI You-you, GU Yuan, WANG Xin-gang, WEI Guang-li, LIU Chang-xiao, SI Duan-yun
    2014, 19(10):  1126-1131. 
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    AIM: To establish a method that combine dried plasma spots and LC-MS/MS for simultaneous determination geniposide, shanzhiside and genipin geniobioside in dog plasma and study pharmacokinetic in dogs. METHODS: Chromatographic separation was achieved on an Ecosil C18 (4.6 mm×150 mm,5 μm) column and the mobile phase consisting of methanol and 20 mmol/L ammonium formate (containing 0.1% formic acid), gradient elution. An electrospray ionization (ESI) source was applied and operated in the positive multiple reaction monitoring (MRM) mode. Using dried plasma spots technology collect plasma samples after intravenous administration of Zhizi. The assay employed simple solvent extraction and sonication of the DPS sample, followed by LC-MS/MS system for analysis. RESULTS: Good linearity was achieved for the three compounds (r>0.99), the intra-day and inter-day precision(RSDs) were below 15%, the absolute recoveries were between 79.9%-91.4%. The main pharmacokinetic parameters of geniposide, shanzhiside, genipin geniobioside as follows: the t1/2 were 6.86,0.687,2.11 h , the AUC0→t were 158,9.16,34.0 μg·mL-1·h.CONCLUSION: The developed LC-MS/MS method is sensitive and specific for simultaneous determination of geniposide, shanzhiside and genipin geniobioside in dried plasma spots .The dried plasma spots were stable at room temperature, easy transportation and preservation,and it can be used for pharmacokinetic research.
    Association of cognitive decline, diabetes mellitus and cancer with statins use: gaining insight through the FDA pharmacovigilance database
    JIANG Peng-li, WU Jing, SUN He
    2014, 19(10):  1132-1138. 
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    AIM: To analyze the association between statins use and cognitive decline, diabetes mellitus and cancer through the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) Adverse Event Reporting System (AERS). METHODS: Widely used pharmacovigilance tools were adopted for quantitative detection of signals, i.e. drug-associated adverse events, including the proportional reporting ratio (PRR), the reporting odds ratio (ROR), the Bayesian confidence propagation neural network (BCPNN) and the gamma possion shrinker (GPS). RESULTS: As for the association between statins use and cognitive decline, results of four algorithms are respectively 2.03,2.03,0.80,1.77, PRR,ROR and BCPNN were indicative of a definite risk, especially for atorvastatin and fluvastatin; as for the association between statin use and diabetes mellitus, results of four algorithms are respectively 2.35,2.42,1.09,2.12, PRR,ROR,BCPNN and GPS were all indicative of a definite risk, especially for simvastatin, atorvastatin and lovastatin; as for the association between statin use and cancer, results of four algorithms are respectively 0.90,0.89,-0.17,1.00, PRR,ROR,BCPNN and GPS all found no convincing evidence for risk of cancer after statins use. CONCLUSION: Data mining of the FDA's adverse event reporting system, AERS, is useful for examining statins-associated cognitive decline, diabetes mellitus and cancer. The data strongly suggest the necessity of well-organized clinical studies with respect to statins-associated adverse events.
    Comparison of neonatal outcomes in women with gestational diabetes mellitus treated with metformin or insulin: a systematic review
    RUAN Guan-yu, XU Qiu-xing, CAI Hui-ya, DENG Jie, SHI Dao-hua
    2014, 19(10):  1139-1143. 
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    AIM: To evaluate the safety of neonatal outcomes in women with gestational diabetes mellitus(GDM) treated with metformin or insulin. METHODS: Randomized controlled trials (RCTs) about the clinical risks of metformin vs insulin on neonatal outcomes in women with GDM were retrieved on the Cochrane library, Pubmed, Web of knowledge, VIP, CNKI and Wangfang. The trials were screened according to the inclusion and exclusion criteria by two reviewers independently, the data were extracted, the methodological quality was assessed, and finally meta-analysis was performed by Rev Man5.2 software. RESULTS: A total of seven RCTs included 1 564 GDM patients. The incidence risk of neonatal hypoglycemia of metformin decreased 64% [95%CI: (0.46, 0.88)] compared with that in insulin. There were no significant differences in birthweight, gestational age, pH of umbilical artery, the incidence rate of hyperbilirubinemia or respiratory distress syndrome (RDS) between metformin and insulin. CONCLUSION: Metformin could associated with a decreased incidence risk of neonatal hypoglycemia and might be safe in newborn of women with GDM.
    Impact of interaction between smoking and tea drinking on susceptibility to tuberculosis
    CHEN Meng-shi, SU Cong-xu, WANG Mian, LIANG Ying, TAN Hong-zhuan
    2014, 19(10):  1144-1148. 
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    AIM: To explore the impact of smoking, tea drinking and their interaction on susceptibility to tuberculosis. METHODS: A total of 427 tuberculosis patients and 410 healthy controls were recruited to participate in this case-control study. Self-developed questionnaire was used to collect data. RESULTS: Smoking was a risk factor against TB, with OR=1.621(1.152,2.301) , P<0.05. Tea drinking was a protective factor against TB, with OR=0.583(0.423,0.782), P<0.05. There were negative interactions between smoking and tea drinking, with a RERI of -0.24(-0.41,-0.07), P<0.05.CONCLUSION: Smoking could increase the risk of TB. Tea drinking could decrease the risk of TB. Tea drinking could soften the effect of smoking. Promoting the consumption of tea as daily drink among populations, particularly those with high TB risk, may reduce the incidence of TB in the population.
    Continuous fascia iliaca compartment blockade with ropivacaine combined with fentanyl for postoperative pain control in femoral fracture children
    LI Xing-wang, NAN Yang, QIN Pei-shun
    2014, 19(10):  1148-1152. 
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    To investigate the analgesic effect and safety of continuous fascia iliaca compartment blockade with ropivacaine combined with fentanyl for postoperative pain control in femoral fracture children. METHODS: 60 children with femoral fracture, American Society of Anesthesiologists physical status I or II, were enrolled in this study. The patients were divided randomly into two groups, which received patient-controlled analgesia at the end of operation for 48 hours. Group I was given intravenous fentanyl only, and Group F was given continuous fascia iliaca compartment blockade with ropivacaine combined with fentanyl.Any children with pain score > 3 were administered with a bolus injection (“press”). The vital signs( HR, RR, BP), SpO2 , score of pain and sedation, degree of satisfaction, frequency of press, adverse reactions were recorded postoperatively at 0.5,1,2,4, 8,12,24 h and 48 h. RESULTS: Compared with Group I,the pain score of Group F was lower at 0.5,1,2,4,8 h and 12 h (P<0.05);the sedation score of Group F was lower at all time points (P<0.05);the times of press of Group F was lower (P<0.05);the incidence of nausea and vomiting in Group F was lower (P<0.05). CONCLUSION: Continuous fascia iliaca compartment blockade with ropivacaine combined with fentanyl is safe and reduces the incidence of postoperative adverse reactions,providing better postoperative pain control in femoral fracture children.
    Difference in time-course of relaxant effect of rocuronium in acetylcholine receptors antibody seropositive and seronegative patients with myasthenia gravis
    CAO Ying-ya, LU Wei-hua, JIANG Xiao-gan, LU Mei-jing, WU Jing-yi, QIN Xue-mei, YAO Wei-dong
    2014, 19(10):  1153-1157. 
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    AIM: To compare the time-course of relaxant effect of rocuronium in Acetylcholine receptors (AchR) antibody seropositive and seronegative patients with myasthenia gravis(MG). METHODS: Twenty ASAⅠorⅡMG patients with both sexes, aged 23-59 years, with body mass index of 18-25 kg/m2,scheduled for elective extended thymectomy,were divided into 2 groups according to AChR antibody test: seropositive group (group P, n=10) and seronegative group (group N, n=10).Aesthesia was induced with iv injection of fentanyl 2 μg/kg,midazolam 0.05 mg/kg, and propofol 1.5 mg/kg.All patients were tracheal intubated and mechanically ventilated. Twitch tension was monitored in the adductor pollicis muscle by train-of-four stimulation of the ulnar nerve(intensity 60 mA,interval 12s,frequency 2 Hz, wave length 0.2 ms). Rocuronium 0.6 mg/kg was injected intravenously after calibration. The onset time of muscle relaxation,and time for T1 to recover to 25%,time for T1 to recover to 50% and recovery index were recorded.The heart rate variability (HRV) was analyzed during the surgery.RESULTS: There were no significant changes in MAP, HR, HRV, LF/HF ratio at all time in two groups(P>0.05). Compared with group N, there was no significant change in the onset time of muscle relaxation,and the time for T1 to recover to 25%,time for T1 to recover to 50% and recovery index were significantly prolonged in group P(P<0.05).CONCLUSION: The duration of rocuronium-induced neuromuscular block is significantly longer in seropositive patients with MG than seronegative,while the onset time is similar between the two groups.
    Clinical research of compound Danshen dripping pills in treating chronic cerebral circulation insufficiency in patients with hypertension
    LOU Xiao-pei
    2014, 19(10):  1158-1162. 
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    AIM: To explore the therapeutic effect of compound Danshen dripping pills on chronic cerebral circulation insufficiency (CCCI) in patients with hypertension. METHODS: Fifty-two CCCI patients subjected to hypertension were randomly divided into Control and Test groups (n=26). All patients were received symptomatic treatment, and Test group was given compound Danshen dripping pills orally 3 times daily (10 pills/time) for 4 weeks. Clinlcal symptoms, cerebral arterial flow rate, and hemorheological index were determined. RESULTS: After 4 weeks of treatment, the dizziness, headache, dyssomnia and other CCCI symptoms in Test group were significantly reduced compared with Control group (P<0.05). The systolic blood flow rate (Vs) and diastolic blood flow rate (Vd) in left vertebral artery (LVA), basilar artery (BA), and right vertebral artery (RVA) were all markedly improved in Test group compared with pre-treatment and Control group (P<0.05). The hemorheological index in Test group also ameliorated compared with pre-treatment and Control group (P<0.05). CONCLUSION: Compound Danshen dripping pills is effective to treat CCCI in patients with hypertension and worthy of optimization and generalization.
    Effects of tiotropium bromide and salmeterol/fluticasone propionate on lung function in old patients with bronchial asthma
    ZHENG Xiao-ping, NAN Miao, WANG He-ming, YU Xian-dang, ZHENG A-mai
    2014, 19(10):  1163-1166. 
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    AIM: To explore the effects of tiotropium bromide combined with salmeterol/fluticasone propionate on lung function in old patients with bronchial asthma. METHODS: Totally 100 patients with bronchial asthma were randomly divided into three groups, the fisrt group (43) was given tiotropium bromide and salmeterol/fluticasone propionate, the second group (28) was given tiotropium bromide only,the last group (29) was given salmeterol/fluticasone propionate only. All patients underwent pulmonary function test before the treatment and 6 months after the therapy.RESULTS: The total effective rate was 88.4% in the first group-that was given tiotropium bromide and salmeterol/fluticasone propionate and 67.9% in the second group-that was given tiotropium bromide only, 72.4% in the last group-that was given salmeterol/fluticasone propionate only with significant difference (P<0.05). The lung functions of the three groups were obviously improved after the treatment,and the improvement was more pronounced in the first group than in the another groups (P<0.05). CONCLUSION: The combination of tiotropium bromide and salmeterol/fluticasone propionate can improve lung function more significantly.
    Clinical comparative study on nifedipine sustained release tablets combined separately with enalapril maleate tablets and metoprolol tartrate tablets in treating high-risk hypertensive patients
    ZHU Hong-xia, WANG Xue-feng, XU Qian
    2014, 19(10):  1167-1170. 
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    AIM: To compare the clinical efficacy and safety of influence of nifedipine sustained release tablets combined separately with enalapril maleate tablets and metoprolol tartrate tablets in the treatment of high-risk hypertension. METHODS: 130 cases diagnosed in high-risk hypertensive patients randomly divided into group A and group B, 65 cases in each group . Group A was given nifedipine sustained release tablets(20 mg, bid, p.o. ) and enalapril maleate tablets(10 mg, q.d., p.o. ), group B was given nifedipine sustained release tablets(20 mg, bid, p.o. ) and metoprolol tartrate tablets (100 mg, q.d., p.o.). The specific dosage adjustment of treatment based on patient compliance level. Two groups of patients were treated for 12 months. The changes of blood pressure and ADR were observed in 2 groups before and after treatment, and cardiovascular and cerebrovascular events out of the hospital.RESULTS: The total group A and group B efficiency rate , the blood pressure standard rate ,cardiovascular event rates were 90.48%, 80.95%, 14.28% and 87.50%, 78.13%, 15.62%, and showed no statistically significant difference (P>0.05). CONCLUSION: Nifedipine sustained release tablets combined with enalapril maleate tablets and nifedipine sustained release tablets combined with metoprolol tartrate tablets both can reach the treatment target,with safety, good tolerance,and high compliance.
    Progress in clinical application of HIV protease inhibitors in antiretroviral therapy
    WANG Yun, JIANG Zhen-zhou, ZHANG Lu-yong
    2014, 19(10):  1171-1176. 
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    The introduction of protease inhibitors (PIs) to highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) in 1996 has significantly reduced morbidity and mortality due to HIV infection. Up until now, 11 PIs have been approved by US FDA with several boosted PI regimens recognized as first-line regimens in antiretroviral therapy according to current guidelines. However, reports on HIV PI regimens and their clinical applications are limited in China. Thus, this article will review the history of HAART, the development of PIs and current considerations of PI-based therapy abroad.
    Advances in pharmacological research of 8-methoxypsoralen
    YANG Jian, YANG Qian
    2014, 19(10):  1177-1182. 
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    8-methoxypsoralen (8-MOP) is widely distributed in the roots or fruits of Chinese medicinal herb, such as fructus cnidii, radix glehniae, angelica daharica, fructus aurantii immaturus, notopterygium and coriander. This paper overviews the advances and applications of 8-MOP in the antimicrobial and inhibition of inflammation, the regulation of immune function, anti-tumor effect, other pharmacological effects and toxicological effects basing on our work and crosslinking current researches at home and abroad.
    Advances in pharmacogenomics research of adverse effects of hypertension therapy drugs
    TAO Ran, HUANG Hong-guang, GAO Li-chen
    2014, 19(10):  1183-1188. 
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    Recently, increasingly importance has been attached to antihypertensive drug side effects caused by individual differences.According to the research of pharmacogenomics,genetic polymorphisms have been considered to be the primary cause of adverse drug reactions .From the level of gene revealed individual differences of adverse reactions to antihypertensive drugs is an effective method. This review summarized the research progress of the relationship between the adverse reactions to antihypertensive drugs and genetic polymorphisms.
    Advances in understanding the role of TGF-β/Smad signalling pathways in the pathogenesis of liver fibrosis
    FU Ling-zhu, ZHENG Ting, ZHANG Yong-sheng
    2014, 19(10):  1189-1195. 
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    Liver fibrosis is the common pathway of virtually various chronic liver diseases to the liver cirrhosis, which is characterized by the excessive accumulation of collagen-based extracellular matrix for imbalance between synthesis and degradation. It is regulated by multiple cell signaling pathways and a series of cellular molecular information networks. Transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β) is one of the strongest profibrotic cytokines, and TGF-β/Smad signaling pathway is the main way of various types of TGF-β signal. It activates hepatic stellate cell (HSC) to promote ECM production. This review is related to the effect of TGF-β/Smad signaling pathway in the progress of liver fibrosis.
    Advances in pharmacogenomics of cyclophosphamide in the breast cancer therapy
    HUANG Zheng-yu, LIU Fang-qun, GAO Li-chen, WANG Di, HE Yi-jing, CHENG Xiao-ping
    2014, 19(10):  1196-1200. 
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    Cyclophosphamide (CPA) is widely used in the breast cancer therapy. However, significant individual differences of CPA in the pharmacokinetics, adverse reactions and efficacy have been observed, which made it difficult to decide a suitable dose in clinic. Previous clinical investigation indicated that functional genetic variation of metabolic enzymes of CPA played important roles in the metabolisms, adverse reactions and clinical efficacy of CPA. This paper reviews the recent clinical research advances about pharmacogenomics of CPA in the breast cancer therapy.