Chinese Journal of Clinical Pharmacology and Therapeutics

Jujuboside A attenuates LPS-induced microglial activation and provides neuroprotection

ZHANG Rui, LI Bingjie, LI Qinglin

2018, 23(2): 126-131. doi:10.12092/j.issn.1009-2501.2018.02.002

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AIM: To investigate the inhibitory effects of Jujuboside A (Ju A) on LPS induced inflammation mediators in BV-2 microglial cells, and the neuroprotective effect of Ju A in neuronal injury. METHODS: BV-2 cells were pre-treated with Ju A, and then stimulated by LPS. The cell viabilities were measured by MTT assay, the levels of NO were measured by Griess assay, the concentrations of TNF-alfa, IL-1beta were detected by using ELISA, the contents of ROS were detected by DCFH-DA probe method, and the effect of BV-2 conditioned medium on survival rate of HT-22 cells was detected by MTT. RESULTS:Ju A had no significant effect on cell viability within tested concentrations.Ju A significantly inhibited the production of NO, TNF-alfa, IL-1beta and ROS. BV-2 conditioned medium intervened by Ju A inhibited the neuroinflammation on HT-22 hippocampal neuron cells. CONCLUSION: Ju A inhibits LPS-induced microglia activation and neuroinflammation, which mediates its neuroprotective effect on neuronal injury.

Effects of Shenshuaining granules on the expression of NF-kB and PPAR-gamma in kidney tissue of diabetic nephropathy rats

JIANG Lili, MAO Limin, HU Sijia, PENG Yingzhi

2018, 23(2): 132-137. doi:10.12092/j.issn.1009-2501.2018.02.003

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AIM: To study the effects of Shenshuaining granules on the expression of nuclear factor kappa B (NF-kB) and peroxisome proliferator activated receptor gamma (PPAR-gamma) in kidney tissue of diabetic nephropathy (DN) rats. METHODS: The DN rats model were induced by high-fat diet combined with intraperitoneal injection of streptozotocin (35 mg/kg). Forty DN rats model were randomly divided into control group (same volume 0.9% NaCl), Shenshuaining (SSN) group (SSN granules 2 g/kg), saxagliptin group (saxagliptin tables 0.6 mg/kg), SSN and saxagliptin group (SSN granules 2 g/kg + saxagliptin tables 0.6 mg/kg) intragastric administration once per day, for 8 weeks. The renal pathological changes were evaluated by HE staining, the fasting blood glucose (FBG) were tested by glucose meter, glycosylated hemoglobin (HbA1c) were tested by glycated hemoglobin meter, serum creatinine (Scr), urea nitrogen (BUN) and serum Cystatin C (Cys-C) were tested by automatic biochemical analyzer, the levels of tumor necrosis factor alfa (TNF-alfa), intercellular adhesion factor-1 (ICAM-1) and monocyte chemotactic protein-1 (MCP-1) were detected by ELISA method, and the expression of NF-kB and PPAR-gamma were detected by immunohistochemical method. RESULTS:The glomerular capillary structure was damaged and fibrosis in the control group, and capillary lumen was shown stenosis and lipid deposition, the renal interstitial was also shown blood vessel growth. The glomerular lesions were improved in experimental group, and glomerular and capillary structures were relatively intact. The levels of FBG, HbA1c, Scr, BUN, Cys-C, TNF-alfa, ICAM-1 and MCP-1 in experimental group were significantly lower than those of control group, the differences had statistical significance (P<0.05). The expression of NF-kB in experimental group was significantly lower than that of the control group, and the expression of PPAR-gamma was higher than that of control group, the differences had statistical significance (P<0.05). CONCLUSION: Shenshuaining granules can improve the renal glomerulus and capillary structure for diabetic nephropathy rat, reduce blood sugar, protect renal function, alleviate inflammation, relieve kidney disease, the mechanism may be related with decreasing NF-kB expression and increasing PPAR-gamma expression in glomerular tissue.

Effects of Rufuning granules on hormone levels and the expression of VEGF protein in mammary gland hyperplasia rabbits

LI Rui，KONG Yan，LIU Zenghui，LUO Shengyong

2018, 23(2): 138-142. doi:10.12092/j.issn.1009-2501.2018.02.004

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AIM: To investigate the mechanism and the effects of Rufuning granules on improving the symptom of mammary gland hyperplasia（MGH）． METHODS: Forty-eight rabbits were randomly divided into six groups (n=8), normal control group, model group, Rupixiao tablets group, Rufuning-high dose, medium dose and low dose groups. The model of MGH was induced by injecting estradiol benzoate in unpregnant female rabbits. Rabbits in the normal control received saline injection only. The breast diameter and nipple height of rabbits were determined. The contents of prolactin（PRL）, estradiol（E2）and progesterone（P）in serum in each group were detected．Pathologic changes in morphology due to MGH in rabbits were observed by microscopy. Meanwhile, the expression of VEGF protein in rabbit breast tissue was determined. RESULTS: The breast diameter and nipple height of rabbits were reduced after treatment in high and medium doses of Rufuning granules group（P<0.05）．The contents of PRL and E2 in serum were reduced（P<0.05）while those of progesterone in serum were improved（P<0.05）．The performance of histology breast hyperplasia was significantly improved. The number of mammary gland flocculus and lobular gland bubble and lumen expansion were reduced in rabbit mammary. Mammary gland hyperplasia of interstitial fibrous connective tissue was also significantly alleviated as compared with those in model group．Meanwhile, VEGF over-expression in breast tissue was reduced. CONCLUSION: Rufuning granules may improve symptom of MGH by adjusting the ratio of estrogen and progesterone and reducing VEGF over-expression．

Inhibition of alpha glucosidase activity in vitro and the hypoglycemic effect of antrodia camphorata polysaccharide for diabetic mice construction by streptozotocin

YANG Yi, GUAN Qiaobin, ZHANG Xiaoling, GUO Li, WANG Yanping, HAN Chenyang

2018, 23(2): 143-147. doi:10.12092/j.issn.1009-2501.2018.02.005

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AIM: To investigate the hypoglycemic effect and inhibition of alpha glucosidase activity in vitro of three polysaccharide obtained from ethanol fractionation precipitation on diabetic mice constructed with streptozotocin (STZ). METHODS: Three polysaccharides were obtained by fractionation and precipitation of total polysaccharides with ethanol. The diabetic mice were constructed by intraperitoneal injection of STZ and divided into control group, model group, drug group (divided into three groups, three kinds of polysaccharides). Fourteen days after drug intervention, the fasting blood glucose (FBG), insulin (FINS), glucagon (GC), expression of insulin resistance index (HOMA-IR), SOD, MDA and GSH-Px in pancreatic islets of mice were detected. RESULTS: Three kinds of polysaccharides had hypoglycemic effects at different degrees, and their effects were related to the expression of insulin and glucagon. Polysaccharides also interfered with the expression of SOD, MDA and GSH-Px in islet tissues at different degrees. In vitro studies showed that polysaccharides significantly inhibited alpha glucosidase and the effects were dose-dependent. CONCLUSION: The polysaccharide has significant therapeutic effect on diabetic mice, but the effects of different components of polysaccharides are different, and the mechanism is diverse. Antrodia camphorate polysaccharide is a promising polysaccharide drug, which deserves further study and development.

Study on interleukin-17A during early inflammatory response in mice with LPS-induced acute lung injury

ZHENG Shuang, FU Qinlei, ZHOU Lingping, PENG Chuanpeng, XU Honglei

2018, 23(2): 148-153. doi:10.12092/j.issn.1009-2501.2018.02.006

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AIM: To observe the dynamic changes of IL-17A in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced acute lung injury(ALI) in mice, and to assess the correlation of IL-17A during early inflammatory response of ALI. METHODS: Mice were used to establish the ALI group and its control group by intratracheal administration of LPS and normal saline, respectively. The level of IL-17A in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) and MCP-1 in serum, histopathological changes in lung tissue, lung wet weight /dry weight ratio (W/D), the expression of intercellular adhesion molecule 1 (ICAM-1) and the myeloperoxidase (MPO) activity in lung homogenates would be tested after modeling for 3, 8, 14, 24 h. RESULTS: Compared with the controls, the level of IL-17A in BALF increased (P<0.05) and the level of MCP-1 in serum increased significantly (P<0.01), and as time went by, the three above decreased gradually, and the histological examination of lung showed inflammatory changes, and W/D ratio, expression of ICAM-1, MPO activity aggravated gradually in the ALI group (P<0.05). CONCLUSION: The level of IL-17A in BALF increased significantly during early ALI, and this shows that IL-17A may play an important role in the progress of early inflammatory response in LPS-induced ALI.

Effects of OCT2 and MDR1 gene polymorphisms on vancomycin concentration and clinical efficacy in infants

CHEN Yaoyao，SHI Daohua，LIU Guanghua，NIU Peiguang，LIU Baichen

2018, 23(2): 154-158. doi:10.12092/j.issn.1009-2501.2018.02.007

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AIM: To study the effects of organic cation transporter 2 (OCT2) and multidrug resistance gene 1 (MDR1) gene polymorphisms on plasma concentration and clinical efficacy of vancomycin in infants. METHODS: Ninety-one infants that treated with vancomycin were recruited. The plasma concentrations of vancomycin were measured by enzyme multiplied immunoassay technique. The genotypes of OCT2 G808T (rs316019) and MDR1 C3435T (rs1045642) were determined by polymerase chain reaction followed with direct sequencing. The association between different genotypes and the concentrations and clinical efficacy of vancomycin were analyzed. RESULTS: There were 16.5% patients which the concentration reached 10-20 μg/mL. The curative effect of 5-<10 μg/mL (88%) and 10-20 μg/mL (93.3%) were significant higher than that of <5 μg/mL (44%) (P<0.05); and the curative effect of 5-<10 μg/mL and 10-20 μg/mL were similar. The plasma concentration (10.15±2.35) μg/mL and concentration/dose values (0.98±0.27) μg·mL^-1·mg^-1·kg of vancomycin in infants with OCT2 TT genotype were significantly increased than that of OCT2 GG genotypes (6.92±2.83) μg/mL, (0.59±0.22) μg·mL^-1·mg^-1·kg (P<0.05). Meanwhile, the clinical efficacy of vancomycin in TT genotype (100%) was higher than that in GG genotype (73.2%) (P<0.05). However, the concentration and clinical efficacy of vancomycin in the infants with mutant type and wild type of MDR1 C3435T were similar (P>0.05). CONCLUSION: OCT2 G808T polymorphism is associated with the plasma concentrations and clinical efficacy of vancomycin in infants.

Influence of CYP1A1 polymorphism on clinical outcomes of CRC patients treated by oxaliplatin plus capecitabine

XIAO Peng, MEI Jiazhuan, BAI Hua, LI Min, LIU Guiju, LI Ruijun, SHEN Jie

2018, 23(2): 159-164. doi:10.12092/j.issn.1009-2501.2018.02.008

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AIM: To investigate whether gene variants of cytochrome P450 (CYP450) affected clinical outcomes of oxaliplatin plus capecitabine in colorectal cancer (CRC). METHODS: Sixty-nine CRC patients who were treated with oxaliplatin plus capecitabine were included in this study. And 79 SNPs in CYP450, whose minor allele frequency (MAF) were >10% were genotyped. Association between the SNP and clinical outcomes were analyzed. RESULTS: Only one SNP, CYP1A1 rs1048943 was significantly associated with PFS (P=0.000 3). Multivariate analysis confirmed its prognostic significance for PFS (P=0.004). CONCLUSION: CYP1A1 rs1048943 polymorphism is probably a potential prognostic marker for survival outcome treated with oxaliplatin plus capecitabine chemotherapy in CRC patients.

Effects of oxycodone hydrochloride combined with dexmedetomidine postoperative analgesia on sleep quality of patients with gastrointestinal tumors

WANG Jun, JIANG Zongming, ZHENG Jungang, CAO Gang, HUANG Changshun, LU Zihui, JI Yiqin

2018, 23(2): 165-169. doi:10.12092/j.issn.1009-2501.2018.02.009

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AIM: To evaluate the effects of hydrochloride oxycodone combined with dexmedetomidine postoperative analgesia on sleep quality of patients with gastrointestinal tumors. METHODS: Sixty ASA Ⅰ or Ⅱ patients aged 49-74 year with BMI of 17-24 kg/m2 undergoing laparoscopic resection of gastrointestinal tumors were randomly divided into 3 groups (n=20 in each group): group Ⅰ oxycodone (group O) , dexmedetomidine 0.05 μg·kg^-1·h^-1 combined with oxycodone group (group D1), dexmedetomidine 0.1 μg·kg^-1·h^-1 combined with oxycodone group (group D2). In O, D1, and D2 groups, the PCIA solution contained oxycodone 50 mg, oxycodone 50 mg plus dexmedetomidine 0.05 μg·kg^-1·h^-1, and oxycodone 50 mg plus dexmedetomidine 0.1 μg·kg^-1·h^-1 in 100 mL of 0.9% normal saline, respectively. The PCIA pump was set up to deliver a 0.5 mL bolus dose with a 15-min lockout interval and background infusion at 2 mL/h. VAS score was maintained ≤4. Polysomnography measures were performed the night before surgery (T0), the first night after surgery (T1), and the second night after surgery (T2), and recorded the sleep efficiency index (SEI), arousal index (AI), the percent of rapid eye-movement(REM). Patients' satisfaction and the occurrence of adverse reactions such as hypotension, bradycardia, somnolence, dizziness, vomiting were also recorded. RESULTS: Compared with T0, SEI were significantly decreased and AI were significantly increased in T1 of three groups and T2 of group O (P<0.05); Compared with group O, SEI were significantly increased and AI were significantly decreased in group D1 and D2 (P<0.05), the patients' satisfaction and the occurrence of hypotension were significantly increased, the occurrence of vomiting was significantly decreased (P<0.05); Compared with group D1, the occurrence of hypotension, bradycardia, somnolence was significantly increased in group D2 (P<0.05). CONCLUSION: Postoperative analgesia with small dose of dexmedetomidine combined with oxycodone hydrochloride can significantly improve the sleep quality of patients with gastrointestinal tumors, with fewer occurrence of hypotension and better patients' satisfaction.

Clinical efficacy and long-term prognosis of entecavir and adefovir dipivoxil in the treatment of compensatory hepatitis B cirrhosis

YUAN Gang, HU Airong, HU Yaoren, ZENG Chuanli, ZHU Dedong, SHI Xiaojun

2018, 23(2): 170-174. doi:10.12092/j.issn.1009-2501.2018.02.010

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AIM: To evaluate the clinical efficacy and long-term prognosis of patients with compensatory hepatitis B cirrhosis treated with entecavir and adefovir dipivoxil. METHODS: One hundred and sixty patients with compensatory hepatitis B cirrhosis from January 2012 to August 2014 were randomly divided into ADV group and ETV group (80 cases in each group). Patients in ADV and ETV group were treated by entecavir and adefovir dipivoxil for antiviral therapy. The liver fibrosis index, liver fibrosis treatment efficacy, virologic indicators (HBV-DNA load, HBV-DNA negative rate and HBeAg conversion rate) before and 48 weeks after the treatment were comparatively analyzed, the long-term prognosis (3-year mortality, hepatocellular carcinoma and cirrhosis decompensation rate) in two groups were evaluated by the Kaplan-Meier survivorship curve. RESULTS: Forty-eight weeks after treatment, the fibrosis index of the treatment group were significantly lower than those before treatment, among which, those in ETV group were more obvious than ADV group［（2.91±0.90） log10 IU/mL and (2.26±0.68) log10 IU/mL, P=0.000 007 5］. The total effective rate of liver fibrosis in ADV group and ETV group were 66.25% and 81.25%, respectively (P=0.033). The HBV-DNA load reduce［（2.91±0.90） log10 IU/mL and (2.26±0.68) log10 IU/mL, P=0.000 007 5］and non-response rate of ETV group were significantly better than those of ADV group（2.50% and 11.25%，P=0.029）, the HBV-DNA negative conversion rate（86.25% and 68.75%，P=0.008） and HBeAg conversion rate were much higher than ADV group （27.50% and 11.25%，P=0.009）. The incidence of liver decompensation and all-cause mortality were significantly lower in the ETV group than those in the ADV group (43.75% and 17.50%, P=0.020，P=0.028), respectively. The incidence of liver cancer in the ADV and ETV group was 13.75% and 5.00%（P>0.05），and the risk of HCC was significantly higher in ADV group than that in ETV group［HR=2.996,95% CI (1.009,7.656), P=0.048］ . There was no significant difference between the ADV group and the ETV group in the total incidence of adverse reactions (13.75% and 11.25%, P=0.058). CONCLUSION: Compared with adefovir dipivoxil, the application of entecavir in the treatment of compensatory hepatitis B cirrhosis has better clinical efficacy and virological response, and can significantly reduce the liver cirrhosis, and improve the patient's long-term prognosis effectively.

Effects of precise anesthesia on perioperative cellular immune function in patients undergoing robot-assisted laparoscopic radical prostatectomy

WANG Ting, CHEN Ke, ZHOU Changping, WANG Yiqiao, LU Xianfu, LI Yuanhai

2018, 23(2): 175-179. doi:10.12092/j.issn.1009-2501.2018.02.011

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AIM: To evaluate the effects of precise anesthesia on perioperative cellular immune function in patients undergoing robot-assisted laparoscopic radical prostatectomy. METHODS: Fifty-six patients who underwent robot-assisted laparoscopic radical prostatectomy were randomly allocated into control group(A, n=28) and experiment group(B, n=28). In group A, propofol was infused to achieve the BIS value of 45-55, and the muscle relaxation was monitored to conduct closed-loop infusion of cisatracurium, liquid input were monitored and managed by Vigileo. In group B,the depth of anesthetic with the patients' vital signs according to anesthetists' experience was regulated. Venus blood were sampled respectively before anesthesia induction(T0), after induction of anesthesia before surgery(T1), 1 h after anesthesia(T2), 2 h(T3), 24 h (T4),72 h after operation (T5). The percentages of T lymphocyte subsets(CD3+,CD4+,CD8+,CD4+/CD8+,FoxP3-Treg ratio) and NK ratio were detected by flow cytometry. RESULTS: Compared with group B,CD4+ at T1,T2,T4 and T5 were higher in group A,NK cells at T2 were higher in group A (P<0.05). Compared with T0,CD4+ and CD4+/CD8+ increased at T1 in group A, CD4+ and NK cells were decreased at T1 in group B (P<0.05); CD3+,CD4+,CD8+,CD4+/CD8+ and NK cells were significantly decreased at T2 in group B (P<0.05); CD3+,CD4+ decreased significantly at T3 in both group A and group B and CD4+/CD8+ decreased in group B (P<0.05); CD4+ increased in group A and the level of Treg both in A and B groups were decreased significantly at T5 (P<0.05). CONCLUSION: Precise anesthesia can reduce the inhibitory effect of general anesthesia on cellular immune function in patients undergoing robot-assisted laparoscopic radical prostatectomy.

Effects of mifepristone on sex hormones and cytokines in patients undergoing laparoscopic endometriosis

LV Hongqing, SHAO Mingjun, HU Meixu, HU Min

2018, 23(2): 180-183. doi:10.12092/j.issn.1009-2501.2018.02.012

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AIM: To investigate the effects of mifepristone on sex hormones and cytokines in patients undergoing laparoscopic endometriosis. METHODS: Ninety patients who underwent laparoscopic endometriosis in our hospital from Feb. 2015 to Apr. 2017 were divided into observation group (45 cases) and control group (45 cases) according to the random number table method.The control group was treated with simple surgery, while the observation group was treated with surgery and oral mifepristone tablets. The changes of sex hormones and cytokines in the two groups before treatment and 6 months after treatment were observed. RESULTS: Six months after treatment, the curative effects were markedly effective in 29 cases, effective in 12 cases, ineffective in 4 cases in the observation group; the total effective rate was 91.1%. While the curative effects were markedly effective in 18 cases, effective in 15 cases, ineffective in 12 cases; the total effective rate was 73.3%. The total effective rate of the observation group was significantly higher than the control group (P<0.05). Six months after treatment, the levels of estradiol (E2), luteinizing hormone (LH) and follicle stimulating hormone (FSH) in the two groups were significantly lower than those before treatment (P<0.05), and the decrease degree of the observation group was more obvious (P<0.05). Six months after treatment, the levels of hepatocyte growth factor (HGF) in two groups were significantly decreased, and the reduction of the observation group was more obvious (P<0.05). The serum adiponectin levels of two groups were significantly increased (P<0.05), and the elevation of the observation group was more obvious (P<0.05). CONCLUSION: Mifepristone combined with laparoscopic surgery in the treatment of endometriosis patients is better than the simple application of laparoscopic surgery, it can effectively improve the levels of patients' sex hormone, HGF,serum adiponectin, and clinical efficacy, and it has a positive guiding significance for clinical treatment.

Protective effects of liraglutide on myocardium of AMI patients with the treatment of PCI

WEI Yuqiang

2018, 23(2): 184-188. doi:10.12092/j.issn.1009-2501.2018.02.013

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AIM: To investigate the protective effects of liraglutide on myocardium in acute myocardial infarction (AMI) patients treated with percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI). METHODS: One hundred and ten cases of patients diagnosed as AMI, complicated with stress hyperglycemia and treated with PCI were divided into two groups, 55 cases each. Besides standard treatments, observation group was treated with liraglutide while control group was treated with insulin. Factors including creatine phosphokinase (CK), creatine kinase isoenzymes (CKMB), serum cardiac troponin T (cTnT), high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hs-CRP), nitrogen terminal pro-brain natriuretic peptide (NT-pro-BNP), left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF), left ventricular end-diastolic diameter (LVEDD) and myocardium perfusion defect score were tested before and after treatment between the two groups to compare the efficacy of the two therapeutics. RESULTS:After the surgery, CK, CKMB, cTnT and hs-CRP significantly increased (P<0.05) while NT-pro-BNP decreased significantly (P<0.05) in both groups, and the 48 h peak values of these factors in observation group were significantly lower than those in the control group (t=5.188, 7.081, 2.180, 5.091, 4.748, P<0.05). Compared within groups, the myocardial perfusion defect score at day 30 decreased as compared with day 7 both in the control group (significantly, t=7.963, P<0.05) and in the observation group (not obviously, P>0.05). Compared between the groups, the index in the observation group were lower than that in the control group both at day 7 (significantly, t=6.235, P<0.05) and day 30 (not obviously, P>0.05). LVEF, LVEDD at day 30 increased compared with the indexes at day 7 in both groups, and the differences in the control group were significant (t=6.235, P<0.05). Comparison within the groups showed significant difference between the 30 d LVEF (t=2.032, P<0.05), while other differences were not significant (P>0.05). CONCLUSION: Liraglutide exhibits protective effects on myocardium of AMI patients treated with PCI.

Effects of prostaglandin E2 assisted balloon application on vaginal delivery, cervical ripening and induction of labor in term vaginal delivery

ZHAO Wenbin,WANG Xueping,CHEN Xiangjun

2018, 23(2): 189-193. doi:10.12092/j.issn.1009-2501.2018.02.014

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AIM: To study the effects of prostaglandin E2 assisted balloon on the vaginal delivery, cervical ripening and induction of labor in women undergoing full term vaginal delivery. METHODS: Two hundred and thirty cases of full-term mothers who were produced in our hospital from March 2015 to March 2017 were selected as subjects. Two hundred and thirty cases of full-term maternal random number table method were divided into observation group and control group,115 cases in each. Two groups of maternal were fetal heart rate monitoring. Pregnant women of observation group were given dinoprostone suppositories COOK cervical dilatation balloon, while pregnant women of the control group were given COOK cervical dilatation balloon, and placed COOK cervix after balloon. The shrink and fetal heart condition were closely monitored. Labor process, cervical ripening and induction of labor in pregnant women with vaginal delivery were observed. RESULTS: There was no significant difference between the two groups in age, gestational age, primipara number, gestational age, number of gestational age below 37 weeks and Bishop score (P>0.05). The observation group's success rate of induced labor, Bishop score and Bishop score growth were 79.13%, (8.57±1.20) score and (5.87±1.41) score, respectively,the control group were 64.35%, (7.03±0.68) score and (4.35±1.10) score, respectively,the observation group was higher than the control group. The observation group's labor time, postpartum hemorrhage, labor, first stage and second stage of labor were (16.92±4.17) h, (203.40±30.78) mL, (6.38±1.77) h, (6.19±1.40) h and (24.37±5.61) min,respectively, the control group were (20.45±3.75) h, (234.94±42.04) mL, (7.93±1.77) h, (7.08±1.33) h and (34.63±8.18) min, respectively;the observation group was lower than the control group, the difference was statistically significant (P<0.05). There was no significant difference in the third stage of labor between the two groups (P>0.05). There was no significant difference in the Apgar score, neonatal asphyxia and neonatal weight between the two groups (P>0.05). The effective rate of cervical ripening in the observation group was 96.52%, higher than 82.61% in the control group, and the difference was statistically significant (P<0.05). CONCLUSION: Prostaglandin E2 assisted balloon can shorten the term vaginal delivery of maternal cervical ripening time as soon as possible to promote cervical ripening, shorten delivery time, improve the success rate, and has no influence on the newborn, it is worthy of clinical application.

Curative effect of erythromycin in the treatment of ureaplasma mycoplasma pneumonia and its influence on cell subset and liver function

ZHANG Wenxi, GAO Wei, ZHAO Jiajia, CAI Qiao, ZHAO Bei, ZHENG Yan

2018, 23(2): 194-198. doi:10.12092/j.issn.1009-2501.2018.02.015

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AIM: To investigate the curative effect of erythromycin in the treatment of ureaplasma mycoplasma pneumonia and its influence on cell subset and liver function. METHODS: Forty-one cases of children patients with ureaplasma mycoplasma pneumonia that accepted from May 2016 to May 2017 were selected as experimental group. The children patients were given 10 mg/kg erythromycin and suitable amount of 5% glucose injection by intravenous infusion, twice per day, treatment for 7-10 days. Forty-one cases of healthy check-up newborns were selected as healthy group at the same time. Cell subsets and liver functions were compared between the healthy group and the experimental group before and after treatment, and the efficacy and safety in the experimental group were analyzed. RESULTS: Before treatment, the CD4+, CD4+/CD8+ of experimental group were (41.95±5.71)% and 1.26±0.18, which were lower than those in the healthy group of (48.13±7.21)% and 1.79±0.20.The CD8+ in experimental group was (35.10±4.41)%, which was higher than that in the healthy group (26.56±3.13)%, alanine aminotransferase, lactate dehydrogenase, total bile acid, bilirubin, total cholesterol, triglycerides, aspertate aminotransferase, Alt/aspertate aminotransferase in the experimental group were (136.71±17.20) U/L, (439.67±54.45) U/L, (28.39±3.72) U/L, (68.05±8.95) μmol/L, (7.82±0.95) mmol/L, (1.70±0.24) mmol/L, (113.37±14.25) U/L, 1.24±0.14, respectively,which were higher than those in the healthy group of (45.26±4.88) U/L, (397.98±47.20) U/L, (22.24±2.66) U/L, (36.71±4.83) μmol/L, (4.26±0.46) mmol/L, (1.24±0.17) mmol/L, (62.51±9.19) U/L, 0.77±0.12. After treatment, the levels of CD4+ and CD4+/CD8+ in the experimental group were significantly increased and the levels of CD8+, alanine aminotransferase, lactate dehydrogenase, total bile acid, bilirubin, total cholesterol, triglycerides, aspertate aminotransferase, alanine aminotransferase /aspertate aminotransferase in the treatment group were significantly decreased. However, there were no significant differences of those items between the two groups (P>0.05). CONCLUSION: Erythromycin has positive therapeutic effect on ureaplasma mycoplasma pneumonia, it helps cell subgroup and relieves liver function.

Influence of clinical pharmaceutical care on medication compliance and treatment effect in Helicobacter pylori positive peptic ulcer outpatients

LI Jingjing, YU Yanxia, TANG Lian, ZHANG Jinkun, YU Qiang, SHANG Erning

2018, 23(2): 199-204. doi:10.12092/j.issn.1009-2501.2018.02.016

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AIM: To assess the influence of clinical pharmaceutical care on medication compliance and treatment effect in Helicobacter pylori (H.pylori) eradication in outpatients with peptic ulcer. METHODS: Ninety-six outpatients with H.pylori positive peptic ulcer from July 2015 to June 2016 were prospectively collected and were randomly divided into control group and intervention group. Patients in the control group were given the traditional outpatient service. The intervention group patients received pharmaceutical education and follow-up by clinical pharmacist. Medication compliance and gastrointestinal symptom were assessed in both groups before and after H.pylori eradication therapy. H.pylori eradication rates of all patients were tested by 14C urea breath test after the end of stopping all medicines for at least 4 weeks. RESULTS: The score and the improvement of compliance with medication of intervention group patients were significantly higher than those of the control group (3.73 vs.2.58, 1.71 vs.0.44, P<0.01). 81.25% of patients in intervention group and 60.42% of patients in control group took all prescribed doses. The difference was statistically different（P<0.05）. Forty-four patients of the intervention group and thirty-six patients in the control group reported less gastrointestinal symptoms (91.67% vs.75.00%, P<0.05). The H.pylori eradication rate of the intervention group was significantly higher than that of the control group (91.67% vs.72.92%, P<0.05). CONCLUSION: Clinical pharmaceutical care has a significant effect on H.pylori eradication rate, medication compliance and the improvement of gastrointestinal symptom.

Research progress of the key targets of autophagy and related drugs in mammalian cells

WANG Xin, CHEN Baoqiang, LI Hongyu

2018, 23(2): 205-210. doi:10.12092/j.issn.1009-2501.2018.02.017

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Autophagy is a catabolic process for the degradation and recycling of macromolecules and organelles, which is activated during stress conditions. It plays an important role in maintain a homeostasis in the cell, and is closely related to many diseases, especially the development of tumor, which makes researchers pay more attention on control autophagy as a target of new drug development and clinical application. However, the mechanism of autophagy process is very complicated. This article reviews the research progress of crucial targets mTOR, ULK, Beclin 1, Atg12 connection system, LC3 lipid connection system and p62/SQSM1, which are involved in autophagy signaling pathways and its related drugs.

Research progress in mechanisms of small bowel adenocarcinoma

SONG Caixia, MA Qiang

2018, 23(2): 211-216. doi:10.12092/j.issn.1009-2501.2018.02.018

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Small bowel adenocarcinoma (SBA) is a rare malignant tumor with poor prognosis and low overall survival. Researches of recent years have shown that the environmental factors and genetic factors play a role in the development of SBA. In addition, a variety of genetic mutations, DNA methylation, DNA mismatch repair, microsatellite instability and related signal pathways were activated abnormally involved in the occurrence and development of SBA. However, the pathogenesis of SBA is not completely clear and further research should be performed to provide theoretical basis and new ideas for the clinical diagnosis, treatment and prognosis of SBA.

Research progress of general anesthesia in the pharmacogenetics

XIE Shangchen, LI Wei, LIAO Ping, HE Yijing, MCLEOD Howard L.

2018, 23(2): 217-222. doi:10.12092/j.issn.1009-2501.2018.02.019

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General anesthesia is a state of unconsciousness, amnesia, analgesia and akinesia induced by drugs used in general anesthesia. Along with the development of pharmacogenetics and pharmacogenomics, pharmacogenetic studies of these drugs have been carried out continuously. This review summarizes the pharmacogenetics of commonly used general anesthesia drugs like analgesics, sedative-hypnotics, neuromuscular blockers and antiemetics in recent years.

Changes of transporters expression and activity in rheumatoid arthritis

DU Juan, XU Lingyan, WU Wei, SHENG Qingqing, JIANG Zhenzhou, ZHANG Luyong, HUANG Xin

2018, 23(2): 223-229. doi:10.12092/j.issn.1009-2501.2018.02.020

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Inflammatory disease state will release a large number of inflammatory cytokines, and accompanied by drug transporters expression and activity changes. Drug transporters are present in various tissues and have an important role in drug absorption, distribution, and elimination. Expression and activity changes will affect the body's plasma concentration, accumulation, the effectiveness of drug treatment, and even produce multidrug resistance, drug-drug interactions and so on. Rheumatoid arthritis is a common inflammatory disease that releases a large number of inflammatory cytokines, with changes in expression and activity of the transporters, which affects the therapeutic effect and changes the expression and activity of the drug transporters. This review summarizes the knowledge on the roles of transporters in rheumatoid arthritis in order to provide a new direction for the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis.

Research progress of the association between new inhibitory cytokines il-35 and bronchial asthma

LV Ping, PENG Wansheng, DONG Huaifu

2018, 23(2): 230-234. doi:10.12092/j.issn.1009-2501.2018.02.021

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Asthma, while its pathogenesis remains unclear, is the most common chronic respiratory disease influenced by many factors including genetic and environmental influences. Classical theories believe that T helper cells(Th)1/Th2 cells are unbalanced, which further decrease Th1 cells response, and increase Th2 cells response. They cause allergen specific IgE secretion, airway eosinophils (EOS) infiltration, chronic airway inflammation and airway hyper-responsiveness (AHR). The findings of regulatory T cells (Tregs) and Th17 renew the understanding of the inflammatory mechanisms of asthma. The pathogenesis is no longer confined to the Th1/Th2 model. Like interleukin 12(IL-12), interleukin 35（IL-35）which belongs to the IL-12 family can effectively enhance the function of the Tregs and inhibit the proliferation and differentiation of Th17 cells, the excessive immune response, and immune damage to the body.It can be concluded that IL-35 could be involved and may play a protective role in the pathogenesis and regulation of asthma through a variety of pathways. This review introduces the biological characteristics of IL-35 and its role in the development and pathogenesis of asthma.

Pathogenesis and treatment progress of antineutrophil cytoplasmic antibody-associated vasculitis

YU Shuyuan, ZHENG Lin, HAN Fei

2018, 23(2): 235-240. doi:10.12092/j.issn.1009-2501.2018.02.022

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Vasculitis is an autoimmune disease which may cause nonspecific inflammation and necrosis of the blood vessels. According to degree of the vascular involvement, vasculitis divides into small vasculitis, moderate vasculitis and large vasculitis. Antineutrophil cytoplasmic antibody (ANCA) associated vasculitis (AAV) which belongs to the small vasculitis includes granulomatous polyangiitis (GPA) microscopic polyangiitis (MPA) and eosinophilic granulomatous polyangiitis (EGPA). Different organs of the whole body could be involved and the active period is extremely dangerous. Untimely treatment can result in high mortality. This paper briefly reviews the pathogenesis and treatment progress of AAV.

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