Table of Content

Volume 15 Issue 8
26 August 2010

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Effect of Celastrol on cognitive function and Tau hyperphosphorylation in eldly mice hippocampus after partial hepatectomy

GE Ye-ying, WAN Yan-jie, XU Jing, MENG Fan-zhen

2010, 15(8):  841-846. 

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AIM: To observe the expression of Tau phosphorylation in hippocampus and cognitive function deficit on eldly mice induced by partial hepatectomy. As well as the neuroprotective effect of Celastrol on postoperative cognitive dysfunction.METHODS: The C57BL/6 eldly mice were randomly assigned to three groups (n =48): Sham operation group (group S),operation group (group O) underwent partial hepatectomy and the Celastrol treatment was given to the operation group (group C). According to the different time point,each group(n=12) was divided 12 h,1,3 and 7 d,respectively. The cognitive function in three groups was detected by Morris water maze test;the changes of Tau phosphorylation were measured by immunocytochemistry/Western blotting.RESULTS: Compared with the Group S, the results of the Morris water maze test were significantly decreased in Group O at 3, 7 d (P<0.05); compared with Group O,the results of the Morris water maze test in Group C were obviously increased (P<0.05), approached the Group S (P>0.05). Compared with Group S,the immunochemistry staining of brain slice and Western blotting showed that the expressions of Tau pSer404, pSer199/202 in Group O were markedly increased (P<0.01). The level of Tau hyperphosphorylation in Group C was markedly decreased comparing to those in Group O (P<0.01) and approached the Group S (P>0.05).CONCLUSION: Celastrol can improve cognitive dysfunction induced by partial hepatectomy in eldly mice, the mechanism is correlated with Tau hyperphosphorylation inhibited.

MnSOD_m induces apoptosis in leukemia K562 cells through Fas-dependent pathway

FAN Lin-lan, LI Juan, WEI Hu-lai, DOU Wei, LIU Wei-sheng

2010, 15(8):  847-850. 

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AIM: To investigate the apoptosis of human leukemia cell line K562 induced by mimics of manganese superoxide dismutase (MnSOD_m) in vitro and the possible molecular mechanisms.METHODS: The apoptosis in K562 cells was examined by MTT colorimetric method, FITC-Annexin V and propidium iodide (PI) double staining and morphological changes method, the expression level of Fas protein was measured with flow cytometry(FCM), and the mRNA expression and the activity of Caspase-3 were detected by RT-PCR and colorimetric assay,respectively.RESULTS: After administration with MnSOD_m, the proliferation of K562 cells was obviously inhibited, the cellular apoptosis was markedly enhanced with Annexin V/PI staining and the cells showed the typical apoptotic morphological changes. The expression of Fas protein in K562 cells up-regulated greatly, which accompanied with the significant increase of both mRNA expression and activity of Caspase-3.CONCLUSION: The apoptosis of leukemia K562 cells induced by MnSOD_m may involved in the Fas death receptor pathway.

Study on the apoptotic induction mechanism of triterpenes isolated from Forsythia suspense in human gastric cancer cell line SGC-7901

SUN Jing, ZHANG Bin

2010, 15(8):  851-855. 

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AIM: To explore the inhibitory effects of ambrolic acid (AA) and 20(s)-dammar-24-ene-3β, 20-diol-3β-acetate (DM) on five human digestive cancer cell lines and the mechanism of apoptotic induction effect of AA on human gastric cancer cell line SGC-7901.METHODS: MTT assay was used to observe the anti-proliferation effect of AA and DM on MKN-45, MKN-28, SGC-7901, PNAC-1 and HepG-2 cancer cell lines. The apoptosis rates of SGC-7901 treated by AA or DM were determined by flow cytometry (FCM). With western blotting, the levels of apoptotic-pathway related proteins were determined.RESULTS: AA and DM inhibited the proliferation of cancer cells in a dose-dependent manner. FCM analysis showed that cells co-incubated with AA were induced apoptosis dose-dependently, while DM had no ability to induce apoptosis. AA could down-regulate the levels of pro-caspase 3, 6, 8, 9 and Bcl-2 proteins and up-regulate the levels of Bax proteins.CONCLUSION: AA and DM have significant inhibitory activities in 5 human digestive cancer cell lines. The potential mechanism of apoptosis-induction effect caused by AA on SGC-7901 may due to its ability to regulate the levels of apoptotic-related proteins.

Capsaicin induces endoplasmic reticulum stress-related apoptosis in drug-resistant K562/ADM cells

HOU Juan-juan, CHEN Jing, YI Juan, GAO Li-li, WEI Hu-lai

2010, 15(8):  856-860. 

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AIM: To investigate whether capsaicin induces apoptosis in drug-resistant leukemia K562/ADM cells mediated by endoplasmic reticulum stress-related pathway.METHODS: The drug-resistant leukemia K562/ADM cells were used as the target cells. The cell proliferating activity was assessed with MTT colorimetric assay. The apoptosis of K562/ADM cells was identified by double staining of FITC-Annexin V and propidium iodide (PI) and the cellular morphology. The ultrastructure of the cells and endoplasmic reticulum were observed by transmission electron microscopy. The expression of GRP78 gene mRNA and protein were analyzed by real-time reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction(RT-PCR) and Western blotting, respectively.RESULTS: Capsaicin of different concentrations markedly inhibited the proliferation of K562/ADM cells and also induced the cells to apoptosis. After the treatment with 20 and 50 μmol/L capsaicin for 48 h, K562/ADM cells showed the typical morphological characteristics of apoptosis, and the apoptotic rate of the cells increased to 39.67% and 41.78%, respectively. During the apoptotic process of K562/ADM cells induced with capsaicin, the endoplasmic reticulum exhibited obvious expansion and degranulation. The expression of GRP78 gene mRNA of K562/ADM cells increased and then decreased slightly, the expression of GRP78 protein increased by 1.5 and 2.2 times respectively, and gradually reduced with the inducing time.CONCLUSION: Capsaicin may induce drug-resistant K562/ADM cells to apoptosis via endoplasmic reticulum stress-mediated pathway.

Effects of monoclonal antibodies against human stathmin combined paclitaxel on proliferation of human breast carcinoma cell line MCF-7

YUAN Shao-fei, CHEN Wen-jun, ZHENG Wei-e, DU Hong-yan, LI Ming, ZHANG Wu, CHEN Hua, WU Li-li

2010, 15(8):  861-865. 

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AIM: To investigate the effects of monoclonal antibodies against stathmin combined paclitaxel on the proliferation of MCF-7 cells.METHODS: MCF-7 cells were treated with monoclonal antibodies against stathmin, paclitaxel alone or their combination, with theuntreated cells used as the control, 24,48,72,96 hours later, the cell growth condition was observed by invert microscope and inhabitation rate was studied by MTT assay ; The apoptosis was analyzed by flow cytometry with Annexin V/PI.RESULTS: The population decreased and shape, size changed after treating with different concentration of experimental groups. Monoclonal antibodies against stathmin and paclitaxel used alone or in combination both inhibited the proliferation of MCF-7 cells,the inhibition ratio of their combination was more higher(P<0.05), and a synergistic effect of the two agents was noted in their combined action (P<0.05). Combined treatment of the cells resulted in significantly higher apoptosis rate than that in the other groups (P<0.05).CONCLUSION: Monoclonal antibodies against stathmin and paclitaxel used alone or in combination both can inhibit proliferation of MCF-7 cells and induce apoptsis. A synergistic effect is observed between the monoclonal antibodies against stathmin and paclitaxel in their inhibition of MCF-7 cell proliferation.

Immunological mechanism of allicin against Candida albicans infection

XIONG Yan-jing, DONG Qun

2010, 15(8):  866-870. 

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AIM: To investigate the immunological mechanisms of allicin in anti-candidiasis, with a view to provide scientific basis for clinical treatment to systemic candidiasis.METHODS: The murine models of systemic candidiasis were established in normal and immuno-suppressional mice, and then the normal and immuno-suppressional mice were separately divided into two groups: control group and treatment group. Each treatment group was given allicin for one course, while control group was given normal saline. At the end of treatment, the effect of allicin in the proliferation activity of spleen T lymphocytes, the level of IFN-γ and the number of viable C.a in organs were detected by MTT, sandwich ELISA and plate colony count respectively.RESULTS: Identified via histopathology, the murine model of systemic candidiasis was established successfully. After treated by allicin for one course, the proliferation activity of spleen T lymphocytes and the level of IFN-γ in treatment group, which compared with control group, were both significantly increased, and had significant differences(P＜0.01). The number of viable C.a in organs in treatment group was lower than that in control group, which also had significant difference(P＜0.01). CONCLUSION: Allicin can enhance the proliferation activity of spleen T lymphocytes and the level of IFN-γ, and reduce the number of viable C.a in organs in both normal and immuno-suppressional mice.

Effects of specific immunotherapy on IL-10 and CD₄⁺CD₂₅⁺ regulatory T cells in asthmatic rats

CHEN Cun-guo, LI Shao-bo, WANG Xin-xin, JIN Xiao-hong, TONG Xia-sheng, LAI Xiao-ying

2010, 15(8):  871-875. 

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AIM: To approach the effect of specific immunotherapy on IL-10 and CD₄⁺CD₂₅⁺ regulatory T cells(CD₄⁺CD₂₅⁺ Tr) in asthmatic rats.METHODS: Forty Wistar rats were randomly divided into 4 groups:control group,asthma group,control of specific immunotherapy group and specific immunotherapy group, with 10 rats in each group.The model of asthma was established by the ovalbumin (OVA) challenge methods and specific immunotherapy group received specific immunotherapy by repeated inhaling different doses of OVA. The concentrations of IL-10 in BALF and serum were detected by ELISA. The percentage of CD₄⁺CD₂₅⁺ Tr in peripheral blood was measured by flow cytometry(FCM).RESULTS: The concentration of IL-10 in BALF and serum of control group were higher than that of asthma group and control of specific immunotherapy group, respectively(P<0.01). The concentration of IL-10 in BALF and serum of specific immunotherapy group were higher than that of asthma group and control of specific immunotherapy group(P<0.01,P<0.05). The percentage of CD₄⁺CD₂₅⁺ Tr in peripheral blood of control group was higher than that of asthma group, control of specific immunotherapy group and specific immunotherapy group(P<0.01). The percentage of CD₄⁺CD₂₅⁺ Tr in peripheral blood of specific immunotherapy group was higher than that of asthma group and control of specific immunotherapy group(P<0.05).CONCLUSION: Specific immunotherapy can up-regulate the expressions of IL-10 and CD₄⁺CD₂₅⁺ Tr in asthmatic rats.

Study of extract of astragalus united epidermal growth factor for the treatment of rat skin burns

ZHOU Yi, SUN Shu-fang, YANG Jun, MIN Qing

2010, 15(8):  876-879. 

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AIM: To investigate the effects of extract of astragalus united epidermal growth factor(EGF) on skin burns healing efficacy.METHODS: 80 Wistar rats with each back, 2.8 cm in diameter caused by two deep Ⅱ degree burn wound.Rats were randomly divided into extract of astragalus united epidermal growth factor treatment group (United group), epidermal growth factor treatment group (EGF group), extract of astragalus treatment group (RA group), and isotonic saline control group (control group), each 20 to observe the healing after injury. The wound healing rate after 2,5,7,10,14,18,21 days was measured and calculated. In scalded 7,14,18 days, the content of wound hydroxyproline was measured by hydroxyproline test kit. In scalded 7,14,21 days,the microvessel density wound was calculationed by use of Ⅷ immunohistochemical staining.The 14,21 days,the rat skin wound was taken to do pathology analysis.RESULTS: The healing time of the United group were significantly lower than those in the other groups (P<0.01, P<0.05). Compared with control group, the healing times of EGF group and RA group were lower (P<0.05).The wound healing rate,the wound microvessel density were higher in United group than those in the other groups(P<0.01, P<0.05) on scalded 10,14,18,21 days and in 7,14 days. Compared with control group , the wound healing and wound microvessel density in EGF group and RA group were higher (P<0.05). The content of wound hydroxyproline in United group were significantly higher than those in the other groups (P<0.01, P<0.05) on scalded 7,14 days. Compared with control group, the content of wound hydroxyproline in EGF group and RA group were higher (P<0.05). CONCLUSION: The extract of astragalus united epidermal growth factor can significantly promote skin wound healing and shorten the healing time.

Nux vomica inhibiting apoptosis of spinal cord injury rabbit

ZHOU Hong-ying, HOU Qun, QI Guan-shu, QIU Chang-lin

2010, 15(8):  880-885. 

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AIM: To explore whether nux vomica treats spinal cord injury by inhibiting apoptosis.METHODS: The animal model of SCI was made in rabbits by modified Allen's method. 60 rabbits were randomly divided into 4 groups: the sham group, control group, 40 mg nux vomica group (group M40) and 80 mg nux vomica group (group M80). After treating for 1, 7 and 14 days , the NO level in the spinal cord was detected with the Griess reaction and the expressions of c-fos protein, tested Bax and Bcl-2 protein were examined by Western blot method (Western blotting).RESULTS: Compared with the control group, the expressions of NO, c-fos protein, Bax protein were decreased, while the expression of Bcl-2 protein was increased after treating for 7 days and 14 days in the group M40 and group M80. After 7 days' treatment, the NO contents in the group M40 and group M80 were lower than the control group (P＜0.05). In the group M80, the expressions of c-fos protein were lower than the control group after 7 days' treatment (P＜0.05) and 14 days' treatment (P＜0.01); the expressions of Bax protein were lower than the control group after 7 days' treatment (P＜0.05) and 14 days' treatment (P＜0.05); the expression of Bcl-2 protein was higher than the control group after 7 days' treatment (P＜0.05); the ratio of Bax/Bcl-2 was lower than the control group after 7 days' treatment (P＜0.05).CONCLUSION: Nux vomica can hold back the secondary spinal cord injury and accelerate the spinal nerve function by reducing the expressions of NO and c-fos protein, and cutting the ratio of Bax/Bcl-2 to suppresse the cell apoptosis.

Simulation study of multi-stage randomized-play-the-winner-rule

ZHOU Min-lin, WEI Yong-yue, ZHANG Ru-yang, ZHU Jin-jin, YU Hao, CHEN Feng

2010, 15(8):  888-893. 

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AIM: To present an adaptive randomized method, multi-stage randomized-play-the-winner rule (MSRPW), which facilitates the application of adaptive randomization in clinical trial.METHODS: By using the simulation study, we compared the powers and the mean reduced failures of three different methods, those were traditional equal-probability random allocation, modified randomized-play-the-winner rule and multi-stage randomized-play-the-winner rule.RESULTS: Compared with traditional allocation method, both MRPW and MSRPW could reduced failures in clinical trials, although their powers were decreased slightly. The MRPW reduced the most failures in all scenarios, MSRPW performed as well as MRPW in the scenarios when the difference of effects of test and control groups was not large, or the time interval of adjusting allocation probability was not long, while the traditional allocation performed worst. With the time interval prolonging, MSRPW reduced fewer and fewer failures than MRPW.CONCLUSION: The MSRPW rule proposed in this paper takes both advantages of traditional randomization and MRPW rule into consideration, and more practical than MRPW in clinical trials. MSRPW can be very useful in those scenarios when the difference of effects of the test and control groups is moderate or small, while an appropriate time interval should be chosen carefully when the difference of effects is large.

An exploring study on the pharmacodynamics of rosuvastatin in Chinese hypercholesterolemic patients

YANG Juan, LI Lu-jin, HE Ying-chun, XU Ling, LV Ying-hua, ZHANG Mi, LIU Hong-xia, ZHENG Qing-shan

2010, 15(8):  894-900. 

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AIM: To develop a population pharmacodynamic (PPD) model for investigating the relationship between dose per kilogram body weight of rosuvastatin and LDL-C reduction in Chinese hypercholesterolemic patients.METHODS: Eligible patients were selected from relevant clinical trials and end point data were extracted for each patient. The primary efficacy end point was the mean percentage of change in LDL-C at 8 weeks from baseline. Potential covariates including trial, age, gender, body weight and baseline LDL-C levels were collected. Population modeling was performed with NONMEM. Bootstrap and Monte Carlo simulation was performed to assess the model robustness and prediction, respectively.RESULTS: Sigmoidal Emax model successfully described the dose-response relationship of rosuvastatin in Chinese hyperlipoidemic patients. The covariates did not significantly influence any hypercholesterolemic parameters. The population parameter estimates of E_max, ED₅₀ and gamma were 53.9%, 0.072 mg/kg and 3.76, and their relative standard errors were all small. Model robustness was validated by a nonparametric bootstrap. The 95% confidence interval of Monte Carlo simulation included about 50% patients' observed values of LDL-C reduction.CONCLUSION: This study developed a pharmacodynamic model for rosuvastatin in Chinese hypercholesterolemic patients with population method which described the pharmacodynamic characteristic of about 50% patients. The result indicates LDL-C reduction of rosuvastatin may be impacted by numerous factors except for dose, which should be investigated further.

Use of Monte Carlo simulation to optimize dosing regimens for Piperacillin-tazobactam

YE Long-qiang, CAI Ting

2010, 15(8):  901-905. 

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AIM: To evaluate the pharmacodynamic profiling of prolonged and continuous infusion dosing regimens of Piperacillin-tazobactam against gram-negative bacteria.METHODS: Minimum inhibitory concentrations for Escherichia coli,Klebsiella pneumoniae, Acinetobacter baumannii and Pseudomonas aeruginosa from Jan 2008 to Jun 2008 in hospital were determined. A 10000-subject Monte Carlo simulation was performed to calculate pharmacodynamic target attainment for prolonged, continuous and traditional dosing regimens of Piperacillin-tazobactam.RESULTS: Against Escherichia coli and Klebsiella pneumoniae, only Piperacillin-tazobactam 4.5 g every 6 hours (3-h infusion) achieved cumulative fraction of response (CFR) of greater than 90%, 98.4% and 91.0%,respectively. No regimen achieved optimum CFR against Acinetobacter baumannii and Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Continuous infusion Piperacillin-tazobactam 9.0 g every 24 hours led to higher CFR than 4.5 g every 8 hours (30-min infusion). Compared with traditional regimen (30-min infusion), prolonged infusion Piperacillin-tazobactam 4.5 g every 8 hours and 4.5 g every 6 hours yielded greater CFR. CONCLUSION: Prolonged and continuous infusion Piperacillin-tazobactam is superior to traditional regimens and should be recommended as empirical therapy against common gram-negative bacteria.

Determination of indoxyl sulfate in human serum by HPLC-FLU and Its application in hemodialysis patients

WU Chun, SHI Cheng-gang, LI Mei, PAN Bi-yan, XING Xiao-min, FENG Zhi-qiang, XIE Zhi-yong

2010, 15(8):  906-910. 

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AIM: To establish a high-performance liquid chromatography method with fluorescence detector for the determination of indoxyl sulfate (IS) in human serum, and apply to study the clearance effect of IS by hemodialysis and hemodiafiltration.METHODS: The serum was deproteinated by acetonitrile. The chromatographic separation was achieved on a Hypersil BDS C₁₈ column (250 mm×4.6 mm, 5 μm) with the mobile phase consisted of acetonitrile-water-trifluoroacetic (15∶85∶0.2, V/V/V) at a flow rate of 1 mL/min. The fluorescence detector was operated at an excitation and emission wavelengths 280 nm and 390 nm, respectively. The serum level of IS was deteated before and after dialysis in uremic patients.RESULTS: A good linearity was obtained from 0.5 to 80.0 μg/mL with r=0.9986, the linear regression equation was Y=2.438×10⁴X+6.964×10³. The intra-day RSD and inter-day RSD were both less than 15%. The method recoveries were 92.8%-110.4% and the extraction recovery was 90.9%. The reduction ratios of IS after hemodialysis and hemodiafiltration were (19.6±7.3)% and (25.3±7.0)%, respectively. CONCLUSION: The method is simple, sensitive and accurate for the determination of indoxyl sulfate in serum.

Effects of regular consumption of RRR-tocopherol on the activity of CYP3A 4 in vivo

ZHANG Song-bo, DUAN Juan, LV Si-ping, SHANG Yun-feng, SONG Xu-ri, ZHOU Hong-hao

2010, 15(8):  911-915. 

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AIM: To investigate the effect of regular consumption of RRR-α-tocopherol on the activity of CYP3A4 in vivo.METHODS: In a two-stage doubly periodic cross-over study, 12 healthy volunteers,who were randomly divided into two groups, ingested RRR-α-tocopherol 600 mg each day or placebo(control) for 14 days. On day 15, a single 7.5 mg dose of midazolam was administered by all the volunteers and 5 mL peripheral vein blood of each one was taken at 0,0.25,0.5,0.75,1,1.5,2,2.5,3,4,6,8,12,24 h. Plasma concentrations of midazolam,1-OH midazolam were determined by HPLC-MS-MS after centrifugation and blood plasma separation. The difference of pharmacokinetic parameters of every control groups were compared and analyzed.RESULTS: The AUC_{0-24 h} (P=0.850) and C_max (P=0.057) of midazolam and AUC_{0-24 h} (P=0.967) and C_max (P=0.096) of 1-OH midazolam showed no difference between two groups.CONCLUSION: Even 600 mg RRR-α-tocopherol, taken daily for 2 weeks, we failed to find any influence on the disposition of midazolam.

Clinical research of flurbiprofen axetil in preventing post-anesthetic hyperalgesia induced by remifentanil

ZHENG Xian-he, JIANG Zong-ming, CHEN Zhong-hua, ZHANG Chang-feng, HU Shuang-yan

2010, 15(8):  916-919. 

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AIM: To evaluate the efficacy and safety of flurbiprofen axetil pretreatment in preventing post-anesthetic hyperalgesia induced by remifentanil.METHODS: 80 patients scheduled for gynecological laproscopic surgery were recruited and randomly allocated into four groups, each group had 20 cases. In group Ⅰ(small dose RF group), remifentanil was administered 0.1 μg·kg^-1·min^-1 during operation. In group Ⅱ(large dose RF group), remifentanil was administered 0.4 μg·kg^-1·min^-1 during operation. While in group Ⅲ(small dose RF+F group) flurbiprofen axetil 1.5 mg/kg was injected before induction of anesthesia, remifentanil was administered 0.1 μg·kg^-1·min^-1 perioperatively, in group Ⅳ(large dose RF+F group) flurbiprofen axetil 1 mg/kg was injected before induction of anesthesia, and remifentanil was administered 0.4 μg·kg^-1·min^-1 perioperatively. Time of spontaneous respiration, recovery of consciousness and endotracheal extubation were recorded. Pain levels during post-anesthetic recovery period were observed and number of times of salvage fentanyl after extubation were compared.RESULTS: There were no statistical significance in spontaneous respiration recovery, recovery of consciousness and extubation in four groups(P>0.05).Pain score in large RF group was higher and times of salvage fentanyl was more when compared to that in small RF group(P<0.05). Pain score and salvage fentanyl were decreased in groups of which flurbiprofen axetil administered in advance.CONCLUSION: Perioperative large dose remifentanil administration might induce postoperative hyperalgesia, while flurbiprofen axetil to some extent could prevent hyperalgesia induced by remifentanil and has no effect on patients' recovery.

Clinical study of sufentanil combined ropivacaine for labor pain in gestational diabetes mellitus

WU Ling-ling, FAN Jian-hui, YIN Yu-zhu, WANG Lin-lin, ZHU Juan, HOU Hong-ying

2010, 15(8):  920-923. 

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AIM: To evaluate the effect of sufentanil combined ropivacaine for labor anesthesia on labor outcome and blood glucose during childbirth of gestational diabetes mellitus.METHODS: 125 cases of gestational diabetes mellitus who selected vaginal delivery ,60 cases in study group received sufentanil combined ropivacaine for pain relief during childbirth, 65 cases in control group without any pain relief during childbirth, labor outcome and blood glucose during childbirth were compared between two groups.RESULTS: Patients in study group felt pain relief in ten minutes since receiving CSEA. The duration of active phase in the first stage in study group was significantly longer than that of control group (P＜0.05). Patients who received cesarean section(CS) in study group were lower than that of control group (P<0.05). Blood glucose during childbirth was significantly lower in study group than that of control group (P< 0.05).CONCLUSION: Sufentanil combined ropivacaine could alleviate labor pain,stabilize blood glucose and reduce CS rate during childbirth in GDM patients.

Effects of gastrodin on functional dyspepsia patients with anxiety and depression

JING Fu-chun, GUO Jing-xian, TAN Yong

2010, 15(8):  924-926. 

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AIM: To study the effects of gastrodin on functional dyspepsia(FD) patients with anxiety and depression.METHODS: 110 FD patients with anxiety and depression were divided into therapeutic and control groups. Omeprazole capsules and domperidone tablets were administered to all patients and gastrodin capsules were given to the patients of the therapeutic group additionally. The course of treatment was 4 weeks' for both groups.RESULTS: The total effective rate observed in the therapeutic and control groups were 66.1% and 46.3%, 91.9% and 61.1% respectively after 2 and 4 weeks therapy(P<0.05,P<0.01). CONCLUSION: Gastrodin may be used to treat FD patients with anxiety and depression.

Effects of total intravenous anesthesia of target-controlled infusion (TCI) with propofol and remifentanil during endoscopic nasal sinus surgery

XIONG Xiang-qing, JIN Li-da, WANG Liang-rong, LIN Li-na

2010, 15(8):  927-931. 

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AIM: To determine the efficacy and safety of total intravenous anesthesia of target-controlled infusion(TCI)with propofol and remifentanil during endoscopic nasal sinus surgery.METHODS: Forty ASA physical status I-II patients (male 21,female 19) aged (18-60)yr weighting (40-75)kg without heart and pulmonary disease, hypertension etal undergoing endoscopic nasal sinus surgery were randomly divided into two groups: breathing and intravenous anesthesia group (Control group, n=20) and total intravenous anesthesia group (Experiment group, n=20). Proportion of sex, age, weight operation region, ASA physical status were not different between two groups. Controlled hypotension was induced before the main procedure of surgery. All patients assigned to control group were infused by a constant infusion of 2-5 μg·kg^-1·min^-1 nitroglycerin until the target pressure was reached, then infusion rate was adapted in order to sustain hypotension. In experiment group,remifentanil were delivered with a infusion rate of 0.1-0.2 μg·kg^-1·min^-1 in order to induce controlled hypotension that was considered effective, then the rate was adapted according to hypotension. MAP was sustainted at 60-65 mm Hg(1 mm Hg=0.133 kPa) till the main procedure of surgery was finished. HR, MAP ,ECG, BIS and PETCO₂ were monitored at time of 5 minutes before anesthesia (T₁), after intubation(T₂),　15 minutes after surgical incision(T₃), 30 minutes after surgical incision(T₄),5 minutes afte controlled hypotension over(T₅),before extubation(T₆) and 3 minutes after extubation(T₇) . Blood samples were gathered from artery to detect lac concentration.　The quality of surgical field in terms of blood loss and dryness was rated by the same attending surgeon who was unware of the pharmacological treatments.RESULTS: The control group was decreased significantly than the experiment group with regard to duration of surgery and the surgical field rating (P<0.05). Controlled hypotension was achieved at the target pressure of 60-65 mm Hg within (4.7±2.7)　min,(4.4±2.5)　min for control group and experiment group respectively. Cases in control group had longer postanesthetic recovery compared with those in experiment group [(18.3±5.4)　min vs (7.0±2.1)　min,　P<0.05]. In experiment group, remifentanil induced and sustained hypotension without reflexible tachycardia and rebounding hypertension. As regard to BIS value and Lac concentration during perioperation period,there were no significant difference between two groups(P>0.05).CONCLUSION: Total intravenous anesthesia (TIVA) of target-controlled infusion(TCI)with propofol combined with remifentanil could induce and sustain controlled hypotension, reduce blood loss,during endoscopic nasal sinus surgery without reflexible tachycardia and rebounding hypertension.

Gene therapy for hemophilia A

LIU Mo-jun, LIU Yan-ping, LIU Xiong-hao

2010, 15(8):  932-937. 

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Hemophilia A is an X chromosome-linked recessive inheritable bleeding disorder with an estimated incidence of 1-2 per 10000 males. Patients with Hemophilia A experience spontaneous bleeding into joints, soft tissues and other sites. Uncontrolled haemorrhagic episodes are crippling and potentially life threatening. Hemophilia A is caused by a deficiency or abnormality in factor Ⅷ, which is one of the most attractive candidates for gene therapy. In this article, the research of vectors and target cell in gene therapy for hemophilia A was reviewed.

Epidermal growth factor receptor polymorphism development on pharmacodynamics of tyrosine kinase inhibitor

WANG Li-ping, WANG Guo, ZHOU Hong-hao

2010, 15(8):  938-944. 

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At present, epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) tyrosine kinase inhibitor is extensively applicated in treatment of non small cell lung cancer(NSCLC). We review EGFR polymorphisms related to the pharmacodynamics of tyrosine kinase inhibitor(TKI), and the influence of pharmacodynamics of gefitinib, a typical drug of TKI. We conclude that the EGFR polymorphisms play an important role on the pharmacodynamics of TKI.

Combination of Chinese and western medicines on periodontal disease

CHENG Juan, ZHANG Zhe

2010, 15(8):  945-948. 

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Periodontal disease is the initiating factor-periodontal plaque planted in deep tissue, as well as periodontal support (such as gums, periodontal ligament, cementum and alveolar bone) occurs in chronic, non-specific, infectious diseases, common diseases is oral, much of its treatment of the more attention. In this article, we review the research development of periodontal disease treatment by western medicine, Chiese medicine and TCM-WM, and then prompt treatment of periodontal disease in western medicine has a good combination of practical value and development prospects.

Effect of CYP2C19 genetic polymorphism on drug metabolism and individualized therapy

YAN Fei, XIA Chun-hua, XIONG Yu-qing

2010, 15(8):  949-953. 

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CYP2C19 is an important durg-metabolizing enzyme involved in the metabolism of a variety of drugs in vivo. The enzymatic activity is significantly different in different individuals and races. This paper is about the effect of CYP2C19 genetic polymorphism on drug metabolism,in order to lay down a solid theory foundation for the guidance in clinical rational administration, ensure the safety and effectiveness of clinical usage, achieving individualized therapy in its true sense.

Current practices and recommendations of in vitro induction of Cytochrome P450

SU Jing-hua, SUN Jian-guo, WANG Guang-ji

2010, 15(8):  954-960. 

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Cytochrome P450 (CYP) induction is one of the factors that can affect the pharmacokinetics of a drug molecule upon multiple dosing, and can result in pharmacokinetic drug-drug interactions with coadministered drugs causing potential therapeutic effect change. In recent years, various in vitro assays have been developed and used routinely to assess the potential for drug-drug interactions due to CYP induction, such as nucleolus receptors assay(PXR, AhR, CAR assays) and hepatocyte assays which is more effective. With the data from in vitro assays, we can assess the potential for drug-drug interactions and plan appropriate in vivo and clinical research. This review summaries the currently used models and data interpretation.