Table of Content

Volume 15 Issue 9
26 September 2010

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Correlation between ACE gene I/D polymorphism and clinical efficacy of iptakalim in Chinese Han hypertensive population

DUAN Rui-feng, CUI Wen-yu, GAO Hong-yan, WANG Xiao-pei, HU Sheng-kai, LIU Wei, WANG Hai

2010, 15(9):  961-966. 

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AIM: To study the correlation between angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) gene insertion/deletion (I/D) polymorphism and the clinical efficacy of iptakalim in a Chinese Han hypertensive population.METHODS: The ACE I/D polymorphism of 162 Chinese Han hypertensive patients treated with iptakalim for 8 weeks was determined by the polymerase chain reaction technique.RESULTS: Among the 162 cases of hypertensive patients, the frequencies of II, ID, and DD were 40.1%, 46.3%, and 13.6%, respectively. The pretreatment SBP and DBP were (153±13) mm Hg and (100±4) mm Hg, respectively. The pretreatment DBP were not different in the three groups, while the pretreatment SBP were larger in patients with the DD genotype than those with the II and ID genotypes (P<0.05). The posttreatment SBP and DBP were (142±13) mm Hg and (89±9) mm Hg, respectively. The changes of SBP and DBP by iptakalim were significant (P<0.001). The posttreatment SBP were similar in the three groups, while a greater decrease in DBP was observed in patients with the II genotype than those with the ID genotype (P<0.05). The clinical efficacy was 66.67% after iptakalim administration in 162 patients. The clinical efficacy of the II genotype group (75.38%) was higher than that of the ID genotype group (58.67%) (P<0.05).CONCLUSION: Iptakalim is a new and effective antihypertensive drug. The patients with the genotype II have better clinical efficacy.

Study on hypoglycemic effect of total alkaloids from Rhizoma Coptidis in diabetes rats

TANG Xi-lan, TANG Jian-bin, ZHANG Qi-yun, DONG Wei, XIONG You-wen, LI Bing-tao, XU Guo-liang

2010, 15(9):  967-971. 

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AIM: To study the hypoglycemic effect of total alkaloids from Rhizoma Coptidis in streptozotocin diabetes rats.METHODS: The diabetic rats model was established by single intraperitoneal injection of streptozotocin 50 mg/kg. The fasting time of diabetic rat model was screened. Sprague-Dawley rats had been successively administrated total alkaloids from Rhizoma Coptidis (578.7 and 192.9 mg/kg) for 68 days. The levels of fasting blood glucose, glycosylated serum protein, serum creatinine and urea nitrogen were assayed. The liver, spleen and kidney organ indexes were measured. The hypoglycemic effect of total alkaloids from Rhizoma Coptidis in streptozotocin diabetes rats was evaluated.RESULTS: (1)Diabetic rats could be chosen to fast 6 h during the day for measuring fasting blood glucose.(2) Compared with diabetic model group, the group of total alkaloids from Rhizoma Coptidis 578.7 mg/kg could significantly decrease the 6 h fasting blood glucose and glycosylated serum protein (P<0.05) and the group of total alkaloids from Rhizoma Coptidis 192.9 mg/kg could significantly reduce the level of glutathione peroxidase (P<0.01). Total alkaloids from Rhizoma Coptidis had no impact on serum creatinine, superoxide dismutase, total cholesterol, triglyceride and liver, spleen, kidney organ indexes of diabetes rats (P>0.05).CONCLUSION: Total alkaloids from Rhizoma Coptidis have hypoglycemic effect in streptozotocin diabetes rats.

Effects of SiMiaoSanJiaWeiFang on the expression of human UAT and URAT1 transporter genes in HK-2 cells

WANG Hua-jie, ZHANG Guo-hua, ZHOU-Zhen, FAN Xiu-zhen

2010, 15(9):  972-977. 

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AIM: To observe the effect of SiMiaoSanJiaWeiFang(SMSJWF) in different concentrations on the expression of human UAT and URAT1 transporter genes in HK-2 cells.METHODS: HK-2 cells were divided into 4 groups as follows: The low dosage group (cultured with DMEM/F-12 and 6 mL/2 kg SMSJWF ); the high dosage group (cultured with DMEM/F-12 and 12 mL/2 kg SMSJWF ); the positive control group(cultured with DMEM/F-4.8 mg/d Benzbromarone ); the blank control group(cultured with DMEM/F-12). In each group, 6 bottles of the cells were cultured in vitro for 48 hours. Then the relative quantity of hUAT and hURAT1 mRNA in the HK-2 cells was detected by real-time fluorescent quantitative PCR assay.RESULTS: hUAT and hURAT1 mRNA could be detected in all samples. And the level of hUAT mRNA in the blank control group were significantly lower than those in the other groups (P＜0.05). Compared with blank control group, the expressions of hURAT1 mRNA in low dosage group and Benzbromarone group were reduced clearly (P＜0.05). By contrast, the expression in high dosage group was increased clearly (P＜0.05).CONCLUSION: SiMiaoSanJiaWeiFang up-regulates the expression of hUAT gene. SiMiaoSanJiaWeiFang down-regulates the expression of hURAT1 gene, which may be one of the mechanism to reduce uric acid levels.

Protective effects of Lignans in caulis Schisandra Chinensis on acute liver injure of rats induced by CCl₄

YAO Ying, LI Chang-yu, LIN Ting

2010, 15(9):  978-982. 

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AIM: To approach the protective effects of lignans in caulis Schisandra Chinensis on acute liver injure in rats induced by CCl₄.METHODS: By using the CCl₄ induced acute liver injury rat model, the effects of lignans in caulis Schisandra Chinensis on the levels of ALT and AST in serum and the contents of SOD, MDA and GSH-Px in liver homogenate, and the pathological change of liver tissue were observed.RESULTS: The lignans in caulis Schisandra Chinensis decreased the levels of ALT and AST in serum,decreased the content of MDA in liver homogenate,and increased the activities of SOD and GSH-Px. The pathological injury of liver could be obviously improved. The effect of anti-injury on liver of high dosage group was equal to that of bifendate positive group.CONCLUSION: Caulis Schisandra Chinensis has protective effect on acute liver injury of rats induced by CCl₄, and the mechanism is related to its antioxidant effect.

Protective effect of curcumin on Con A-induced liver injury in mice and its mechanism

CHEN Li-hua, XIAO Xin-yu, LI Zi-bo, CHENG Yang-yan

2010, 15(9):  983-985. 

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AIM: To investigate the protective effect of curcumin(Cur) on concanavalin A(Con A)-induced liver injury in mice and the potential mechanism.METHODS: Forty ICR mice were randomly divided into 4 groups:normal control group,model group,Cur 100 mg/kg group and Cur 200 mg/kg group. Cur 100 mg/kg group and Cur 200 mg/kg group were administrated with Cur at the dosage of 100 mg/kg and 200 mg/kg via intragastric respectively for 10 days continuously. Normal control group and model group were accepted with the same volume of normal saline by the same means. In the 4th hour after the last administration,the mice were injected with Con A at the dosage of 20 mg/kg via the tail vein . The levels of ALT and AST in serum and the activity or content of superoxide dismutase (SOD) and ma1ondialdehtyde(MDA) in liver were measured in the 8th hour after injection of Con A, and the histopathological examination was also performed for liver tissue.RESULTS: Compared with the model group, Cur significantly down-regulated the levels of ALT, AST and MDA.Inversely, the activity of SOD was elevated. Hepatic histopathological changes were alleviated.CONCLUSION: Cur has protective effect on Con A-induced liver injury.This may be implemented by inhibiting oxidative stress.

Reward alteration after cocaine abstinent and orexin expression in lateral hypothalamus

LIU Sheng, ZHOU Wen-hua, GARY Aston-jonesi

2010, 15(9):  986-990. 

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AIM: To investigate the role of lateral hypothalamus orexin neurons in the rewarding properties of cocaine during chronic cocaine abstinence.METHODS: Rats were initially treated chronically with daily injections of cocaine (10 days of escalating doses of cocaine, 10-30 mg/kg, i.p.). Following 2 weeks of forced abstinence from cocaine, rats were subjected to a conditioned place preference (CPP)procedure for cocaine. After CPP test, rats were received Fos/Orexin double immunohistochemistry in the lateral hypothalamus.RESULTS: Compared with saline-pretreated group,cocaine preference in abstinent rats was significantly elevated [abstinent rats vs saline rats: (250±24)s vs (132±44)s, cocaine-paired side minus saline-paired side, P<0.01];the number of Fos-positive neurons (±SEM) in the lateral hypothalamus in cocaine-treated rats was significantly elevated [cocaine rats vs saline rats: (41±4 ) vs (16±4), P<0.05]; animals that were pretreated with cocaine had a significantly greater percentage of orexin neurons that were Fos-positive [cocaine rats vs saline rats: (39.4±2.4)% vs (22.5±3.2)%, P<0.01]. A significant correlation was found between the preference scores and the percentage of orexin neurons that were Fos activated (R=0.66,P<0.05).CONCLUSION: Lateral hypothalamus orexin neurons maybe play an important role in the rewarding properties of cocaine during chronic cocaine abstinence.

Protective effects of Phytosterols on abacterial prostatitis

CHENG Li-yan, ZHENG Xiao-liang, TU Ling-lan, SHI Hong

2010, 15(9):  991-996. 

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AIM: To investigate the protective effects of Phytosterols on abacterial prostatitis in rats.METHODS: Experimental abacterial prostatitis induced by xiaozhiling and carrageenan respectively were used to observe the protective effects of Phytosterols. Auricle swelling induced by croton oil, granuloma induced by cotton ball and pain induced by photothermal stimulation in mice were used to detect the anti-inflammatory and analgesic effects of Phytosterols. Water-loaded rats were used to detect the diuresis effect of Phytosterols.RESULTS: In xiaozhiling-induced chronic abacterial prostatitis rats treated with 150 mg/kg of Phytosterols, the number of white blood cells in prostatic secretion was obviously decreased, and the density of lecithin corpuscle in prostatic secretion was obviously increased, and the edema, inflammatory infiltration and proliferation in prostate were partly recovered, as well as in carrageenan-induced acute abacterial prostatitis rats. The acute auricular swelling induced by croton oil, late proliferative granuloma induced by cotton ball and pain induced by photothermal stimulation in mice were attenuated by 150 mg/kg of Phytosterols. The urinary amount was significantly increased by 150 mg/kg of Phytosterols in water-loaded rats in 4 hours.CONCLUSION: These results demonstrate that Phytosterols have good protective effects on abacterial prostatitis.

Protective effects of intranasal erythropoietin on chronic cerebral ischemia in rats

YE Yi-lu, ZHANG Qi, JI Hua, ZHANG Jian-ting, HUANG Chun-yan, YU Yue-ping, RAO Yan

2010, 15(9):  997-1001. 

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AIM: To investigate the protective effects of recombinant human erythropoietin (rhEPO) administrated intranasally on chronic cerebral ischemia in rats.METHODS: Focal cerebral ischemia in rats were induced by middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO). Drugs were injected intranasally or intraperitoneally 30 min before and 2 h after operation. From the second day, they were administrated qod for 2 weeks. In addition to neurological deficit and inclined board test during 35 d, we detected infarct volume and the survival neuron density in the ischemic brain tissue 35 d after operation.RESULTS: rhEPO (24, 48 U) intranasally, edaravone and rhEPO i.p. (5000 U/kg) significantly attenuated neurological deficit and infarct volume, increased the angle in the board test and the survival neuron density in the border of ischemia.CONCLUSION: rhEPO intranasally demonstrates protective effect on chronic cerebral ischemia in rats. Especially the effective dosage of rhEPO intranasally far is smaller than intraperitoneally.

Construction, detection and analysis of the oxidative stress models of hepatic stellate cells

WANG Qi-zhao, LV Ying-hui, LI Zhao-fa, JIANG Nan, DIAO Yong, XU Rui-an

2010, 15(9):  1002-1007. 

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AIM: To develop correct in vitro oxidative stress models of hepatic stellate cells for the analysis of anti-fibrosis drugs.METHODS: Two representative oxidative models in the liver, the iron-overload model and the H₂O₂ model were used to generate different oxidative-stress reactions on the primary rat hepatic stellate cells and the immortal cell line of LX-2 cells. The level of intracellular superoxide was detected using dihydroethidium probe and the proliferation status was tested by crystall violet staining and the MTT assay, respectively.RESULTS: Both the iron-overload model and the H₂O₂ model could generate oxidative reactions in the two kinds of cells. Iron-overload treatment could accelerate the activation of primary hepatic stellate cells, but exerted significant cytotoxicity to LX-2 cells. H₂O₂ led to completely cytotoxicity to both kinds of cells.CONCLUSION: Hepatic stellate cells at different activation phase would have discrepant responses to the stimulation of different oxidation, thus suitable type of cells and appropriate oxidative-stress related models should be chosen in order to analyse the anti-fibrosis drugs meeting with different physiological and pathological requirement.

Effects of artificial musk on hyperlipemia in rats

LI Hai-tao, ZHU Xue-jing, WU Qi-biao

2010, 15(9):  1008-1011. 

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AIM: To investigate the effect of artificial musk on hyperlipermia in rats.METHODS: SD rats were randomly divided into six groups: control group, model group, simvastatin group, artificial musk low,middle and high groups. The fatty emulsion were given to model group and treated groups, but none to control group. The levels of total cholesterol(TC), triglyceride(TG), low density lipoprotein cholesterol(LDL-C) and high density lipoprotein cholesterol(HDL-C) were measured . The levels of serum CRP,ET-1 and TNF-α were determined by double-antibody sandwich ELISA.RESULTS: The function in reducing the content of serum TC,TG were different between artificial groups and model group(P<0.05). Artificial musk high dose group decreased the serum levels of CRP,ET-1 and TNF-α(P<0.05).CONCLUSION: Artificial musk can improve hyperlipermia in rats.

Experimental study on the changes of protein C activity in plasma with myocardial ischemia and reperfusion in rats

BAO Li-li, ZHANG Gen-bao, ZHANG Shi, Wu Juan

2010, 15(9):  1012-1015. 

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AIM: To investigate the clinical significance of plasma levels of protein C(PC) and platelet aggregation in rats with myocardial ischemia and reperfusion injury.METHODS: 40 male SD rats were randomly divided into groups of control (C,n=8),ischemia(I,n=24) and ischemia-reperfusion(IR,n=8). The ischemia groups were divided into 10 min (I₁₀),30 min (I₃₀) and 60 min group(I₆₀) respectively, 8 rats in each group. The rat model of myocardial ischemia and reperfusion was prepared by the left anterior descending coronary artery reversible occlusion. Blood samples were collected from the carotid artery immediately. The plasma PC activity and platelet aggregation were detected by chromogenic substrate assay and turbidity assay, respectively. RESULTS: Plasma PC activities in myocardial ischemia rats were significantly lower than those in the control (P<0.05),and there is a negative relation between the decrease of PC activity and ischemia time;plasma PC activities in ischemia-reperfusion rats were slightly recovered, but still lower than those in the control (P<0.01). The platelet aggregation in ischemia 10 min,30 min ischemia and IR rats were significantly higher than those in the control (P<0.01), while ischemia 60 min platelet aggregation showed no statistical significance compared with the control group.CONCLUSION: Myocardial ischemia and reperfusion injury can result in PC activities loss. These suggest that the decrease of PC activity may be involved in myocardial ischemia and injury, more sensitive than platelet aggregation. Therefore, the PC activity maybe a predictive indicator for ischemic cardiovascular disease.

Effects and mechanism of COX-2 inhibitor-DuP-697 in inducing K562 Cells apoptosis

LIU Ji-heng, CAO Yong-qing

2010, 15(9):  1016-1022. 

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AIM: To invetigate the effect of DuP-697, a selective COX-2 inhibitor, on human chronic myeloid leukemia (CML) cell line K562, and further explore its molecular mechanism.METHODS: After incubating K562 cells with increasing doses of DuP-697 in vitro, the morphological changes of cells were observed by transmission electron microscope, and the modification of cell cycle distribution and the rate of apoptotic cells were analyzed by flow cytometry.Western blot was used to evaluate the effect of DuP-697 on the Caspase-8 expression level in K562 cells. Z-IETD-FMK, a specific inhibitor of Caspases-8, was applied to further investigate the role of Caspase-8 in DuP-697-induced apoptosis in K562 cells.RESULTS: DuP-697 induced apoptotic cell death in K562 cells in a concentration-dependent manner in vitro, which was associated with up-regulation and activation (cleavage) of Caspase-8. When K562 cells were pretreated with Z-IETD-FMK, the ability of DuP-697 in inducing K562 cell death was obviously abrogated by this compound.CONCLUSION: These data indicat that DuP-697 induces apoptotic cell death in human CML K562 cells partially through the Caspase-8-mediated pathway.

Effects of Sea Cucumber Capsule on the Parkinson's mouse induced by 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1, 2, 3, 6-tetrahydropyridine

SHEN Xiong, MA Hai-bin, LI Lu-fan, LI Xiu-min, SONG Yu, ZHANG Xu-dong, MA Shi-ping

2010, 15(9):  1023-1026. 

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AIM: To investigate the effect of Sea Cucumber Capsule on the Parkinson's mouse induced by 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1, 2, 3, 6-tetrahydropyridine (MPTP).METHODS: C57BL/6J mice were treated intraperitoneally with MPTP to prepare the PD model. The mice were treated with different doses Sea Cucumber Capsule for 14 days. The behavior tests of mice were observed and the contents of DA and its metabolites in the striatum of each group mice were detected by high performance liquid chromatography with electrochemical detection (HPLC-ECD).RESULTS: Sea Cucumber Capsule obviously enhanced the model mice's capability of motor coordination and prevented the destructive effect of MPTP. Sea Cucumber Capsule was effective against MPTP-induced neurodegeneration of the nigrostriatal dopaminergic neural pathway, and increasing DA and its metabolites' levels in the striatum.CONCLUSION: This study proves that Sea Cucumber Capsule could ameliorate the typical symptom of PD by protecting dopaminergic system.

Effects of serum containing Fuzhengyiliu Fang on PC-3 human prostate cancer cell

GU Chi-ming, CHEN Yan-fen, CHEN Zhi-qiang, WANG Shu-sheng, XIANG Song-tao, PAN Ming-wo, SUN Jing, HUANG Yu

2010, 15(9):  1027-1031. 

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AIM: To observe the effective mechanism of Fuzhengyiliu Fang(FZF) in the treatment of prostate cancer in vitro.METHODS: Serum of high, medium, low doses of FZF and control groups were prepared by serum pharmacology methods, human prostate cancer PC-3 cells applied as an experiment model, this study observed morphology, inhibition rate of cell proliferation, cell cycle and cell apoptosis of PC-3 cells affected by different doses and concentrations of FZF serum.RESULTS: After treated with FZF serum, PC-3 cells were found in different degrees of cell shrinkage, chromatin condensation, or nuclear condensation and fragmentation; MTT experiment showed FZF serum obviously restrained cell proliferation, and the higher the concentration, the higher the rate of inhibition, 20% high-dose FZF containing serum group inhibited cell proliferation about 50%; flow cytometry detected that after treated 48 h, different sizes of the apoptotic peak had appeared before the diploid peak (G₁) of non-apoptotic PC-3 cells, and the apoptosis rate of all treated groups were significantly higher than the control group, the proportion of G₀/G₁ phase cells increased, S and G₂/M phase cells decreased.CONCLUSION: FZF serum can inhibit proliferation of PC-3 cells in dose, concentration-dependent trend, this activity may be related with its effect of inducing tumor cell apoptosis, which provide an important experimental basis for the clinical treatment of prostate cancer with FZF.

Pharmacokinetic reseach of anti-cancer drug-Gemcitabine in vivo model by microdialysis technique

XIE Bo, LING Jia-jun, WU Xiu-jun, FU Xiang, HUANG Xue-qin

2010, 15(9):  1035-1039. 

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AIM: To estabalish the methodology of microdialysis technique in pharmacokinetic(PK) reseach of anticancer drugs in vivo.METHODS: Gemcitabine (GEM) was injected into mice's tail vein. The microdialysate samples from blood were collected after dosing in gemcitabine-treated mices. The concentration of GEM was detected real-time continuously and pharmacokinetic parameters were evaluated.RESULTS: The recovery rate of GEM in vivo was (11.9±2.0)%. It showed that the pharmacokinetics of gemcitabine was two-compartment model in vivo and the elimination and distribution of GEM meets the first kinetics. There were no serious side effects in model mice.CONCLUSION: Microdialysis can be successfully employed in living body to detect the concentration of GEM continuously, which prompts it is possible to study the PK of anticancer drugs in malignant tissues in vivo.

Adaptive randomization for clinical trials with delayed response

WEI Yong-yue, XUN Peng-cheng, ZHOU Min-lin, ZHAO Yang, ZHU Jin-jin, YU Hao, CHEN Feng

2010, 15(9):  1040-1045. 

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AIM: To discuss the application condition and evaluate the effect of the adaptive randomization in clinical trials with delayed response.METHODS: The statistical simulations were conducted to evaluate the modified randomized play-the-winner (MRPW) rule and to explore its application condition in clinical trials with delayed response. All the tests were done under circumstances of different effective rates, different levels of rate differences between groups and different delayed levels of response. The proportion of the sample size of the superior group(Group A), the average reduced failure number and the power were also considered during the evaluation.RESULTS: When the rate difference between two groups was small, with relatively low effective rate, different delayed levels had little impact on the effect of MRPW. As effective rate went up, delayed effect on MRPW gradually emerge. When the rate difference between two groups was relatively high, with the increase of delayed time, the weakening tendency of effects on MRPW was obvious. This trend was more obvious in condition of higher effective rate. If the application criterion was set as that the reduction of average reduced failure number should be in the upper limit of 20%, the restriction of delay was less stringent in the condition of lower effective rate, while this restriction was rigorous when effective rates and the difference between effective rates were higher.CONCLUSION: The study extends the application of MRPW in clinical trials with delayed response, which shows that the results of MRPW fit the demand when the delay degree is in some region. According to specific parameters and delayed levels of response in actual clinical trial, we should explore the effect of MRPW to discuss whether to conduct the MRPW in such trial.

Effect of licorice on carbamazepine pharmacokinetics in rats

CHEN Jiang-fei, XU Ping, ZHU Su-yan, HU Yi-jiang, LONG Zai-hao, LI Hui

2010, 15(9):  1046-1050. 

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AIM: To study the effect of licorice on carbamazepine and carbamazepine-10,11-epoxide pharmacokinetics in rats. METHODS: Experimental rats were randomly divided into the control and test group, which was administrated respectively with normal saline and extract of licorice.After pretreated with extract of licorice (0.5 g/kg, q.d.) for 7 days, carbamazepine was given to the rats by intragastric administration.The plasma concentrations of carbamazepine and carbamazepine-10,11-epoxide were determined by HPLC. Pharmacokinetic parameters between two groups were compared. RESULTS: There were no significant differences between the two groups in the main pharmacokinetic parameters of carbamazepine, such as C_max, t_max, t_1/2, AUC_{0→24 h}, AUC_0→∞, MRT (P＞0.05),the same as carbamazepine-10,11-epoxide of C_max, t_max and AUC_{0→24 h}.CONCLUSION: The results suggest that treatment with extract of licorice (0.5 g/kg, q.d.) for 7 days did not affect the pharmacokinetics of carbamazepine in rats.

Analysis of the monitoring results and the influencing factors of blood concentration of valproate in patients with epilepsy

TANG Zhi-hua, ZHANG Ke-ying, XIAO Xing-feng

2010, 15(9):  1051-1055. 

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AIM: To analyse and investigate the monitoring results and influencing factors of blood concentration of valproate in patients with epilepsy.METHODS: The serum concentrations of valproate in 276 patients were determined by fluorescence polarization immunoassay and the results were analyzed.RESULTS: 71.7% of the results of blood drug concentration were in the reference range. The concentration of the sustained-release tablets was significantly higher than the conventional dosage forms (P<0.01). The occurrence of adverse drug reactions was associated with the drug concentration. The influencing factors of valproate concentration including physiological and pathological factors in patients,dosage forms and the quality of preparation, patient compliance, sampling time and method, monitoring time, combination therapy, the accuracy of medical order execution and involvement of pharmacists in clinical medicine therapy, etc.CONCLUSION: In therapeutic drug monitoring of valproate, it should be concerned about the impact factors of valproate concentration to ensure the safety and efficacy in patients.

Association study between plasma lipid, carotid artherosclerosis and acute stroke

ZHANG Liu-fu, ZHU You-ling, WANG Guo-hong

2010, 15(9):  1056-1059. 

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AIM: To investigate the association between plasma lipid and acute cerebral accident, evaluate the correlation between abnormal lipid metabolism and arteria carotis atherosclerotic in cerebral infarction.METHODS: The concentration of plasma lipid was detected in 172 cerebral hemorrhage patients, 498 cerebralinfarction patients and 118 healthy controls. And arteria carotis atherosclerotic plaque was detected in all cerebral infarction patients and healthy controls.RESULTS: The TC, TG, LDL-C levels in cerebral infarction patients were significantly higher than those in control. The TC levels in cerebral hemorrhage patients were significantly higher than those in control. The incidence of carotid atherosclerotic plaque in cerebral infarction patients was significantly higher than that in control (P<0.01). The incidence of lipid metabolic disturbance was significantly rising in cerebral infarction patients with positive incidence of carotid atherosclerotic plaque compared with negative incidence of carotid atherosclerotic plaque (P<0.01). The TG,TC,LDL-C levels in cerebral infarction patients with positive incidence of carotid atherosclerotic plaque were significantly increased as compared with negative incidence of carotid atherosclerotic plaque. CONCLUSION: High plasma TC,TG and LDL-C showed associated with cerebral infarction. Plasma TC showed associated with cerebral hemorrhage. There is a close correlation between carotid atherosclerotic plaque and lipid metabolic disturbance. Carotid atherosclerotic plaque is an important risk factor for cerebral infarction.

Comparing studying on efficacy between paliperidone extended-release tablets and risperidone in treatment of patients with schizophrenia and schizophreniform psychosis

TANG Jian-liang

2010, 15(9):  1060-1063. 

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AIM: To explore the difference on efficacy and social function between paliperidone extended-release tablets and risperidone in treatment of patients with schizophrenia and schizophreniform psychosis.METHODS: 82 schizophrenic and schizophreniform psychosis patients were randomly contributed into groups treated with paliperidone extended-release tablets or with risperidone for 4 weeks. They were assessed with Positive and Negative Symptoms Scales (PANSS), CGI-S and personal and social performance scale (PSP) in baseline, 1st weekend, 2nd weekend, 3rd weekend and 4th weekend after treatment.RESULTS: In study group, the relative decreasing change of PANSS in the 4th weekend of treatment were all significantly higher than that of group of risperidone (P<0.05 or 0.01). The relative decreasing change of CGI-S in the 4th weekend of treatment was significantly higher than that of group of risperidone (P<0.05). The increasing changes of PSP in the 4th weekend of treatment were all significantly higher than that of group of risperidone (P<0.01).CONCLUSION: Paliperidone extended-release tablets are effective to improve symptoms, and social functions of patients with schizophrenia and schizophreniform psychosis.

Effects of acid-sensing ion channels 3 subunit in arthritis pain

LI Xia, YUAN Feng-Lai , CHEN Fei-Hu, ZHAO Yi-qing, LU Wei-Guo, HU Wei, ZHANG Teng-yue, WU Fan-rong

2010, 15(9):  1064-1068. 

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Pain-related acid-sensing ion channels 3 (ASIC3), the most sensitive acceptor to such a pH change, has been shown to be predominantly expressed in the peripheral nervous system. Over recent years, there has been increased evidence that ASIC3 may lead to the pathogenesis of chronic inflammatory pain diseases because that it is predominantly expressed in dorsal root ganglia (DRG) neurons making it a good candidate for a pain sensor. It has been shown that increased expression of ASIC3 mRNA and protein was found in DRG of rodents with inflamed joints and ASIC3 gene knock-out mice (ASIC3-/-) exhibited no enhanced hyperalgesia in inflamed joint. These findings suggest that under the physiological or pathological circumstance, ASIC3 have an important biological effect on the sensor information, especially pain transmission of the spinal cord level, which might be a promising therapeutic target for arthritis pain. In this study, we will briefly discuss the biological features of ASIC3 and summarize recent advances on the role of ASIC3 in the arthritis and during the course of its treatment.

Research advances in a novel tumor suppressor gene Chromatin modifying protein 1A

YOU Zhen-qiang, XIN Yan-fei, HAN Bin, XUAN Yao-xian

2010, 15(9):  1069-1073. 

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Chromatin modifying protein 1A (Chmp1A) is a member of the Endosomal Sorting Complex Required for Transport (ESCRT-III) family that was shown to function in endosome-mediated trafficking via multivesicular body (MVB) formation and sorting.The expression of Chmp1A is markedly decreased in many tumors. Loss of Chmp1A expression in normal cells results in tumors formation in vivo. Chmp1A is mainly located in cytoplasmic and nuclear matrix, and participates in mitotic chromosome condensation, cell-cycle progression, and vesicle trafficking. Recent studies suggest that Chmp1A is a candidate PcG protein. Chmp1A is a novel tumor suppressor gene, which inactivation is related to the initiation and progression of several tumors.

Animal models for brain ischemia and its application in experimental therapeutics

GU Bing, CHENG Xiang, JIN Jian-bo, YU Ri-yue

2010, 15(9):  1074-1080. 

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Brain ischemia, also known as cerebral ischemia, is due to insufficient blood flow to specific parts of the brain to meet metabolic demand, resulting poor oxygen supply or cerebral hypoxia and thus to the death of brain tissue or cerebral infarction/ischemic stroke.Currently pathophysiological mechanism of brain ischemia and nerve repair therapy following ischemia brain injury is one of the hottest issues in neuroscience research.Duplicating animal models for brain ischemia plays a vital role in promoting the investigation of experimental therapeutics.This article systemically reviews the methodological literature of animal models for global brain ischemia and focal cerebral ischemia, which has been established at home and abroad. Based upon the aforementioned models, their strengths and weaknesses and some typical applications in experimental therapeutics are simultaneously enumerated. All these information provides scientific guidance for the experimental neuroprotectant drug's pharmacodynamics screening.