Table of Content

Volume 14 Issue 1
26 January 2009

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Drug safety registries-are they useful?

XIE Hai-tang, BARTON Cobert, SUN Rui-yuan

2009, 14(1):  1-4. 

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The collection of adverse drug events (ADE) represents one of the inherent attributes of qualified (approved) drugs. The awareness of drug safety problems, the evaluation of the impact of adverse factors, and thus the formulation of corresponding preventive measures will minimize the risk of taking medications. We introduce drug safety registries in referring to some of the latest information on the understanding of the concept of drug safety and related laws and regulations.

Discussions on clinical evaluation for biosimilar products

YANG Huan

2009, 14(1):  5-9. 

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In China, the majority of biological products on the market and under new drug application are biosimilar ones, and there are no guidelines and technical requirements on clinical assessment for biosimilar products available now.We expect to obtain some useful information in this field in referring to the updated international guidelines.

Changes of p-CREB and c-Fos expression in brain regions of morphine-reactivated conditioned place preference in rats

ZHAO Yong-na, FANG Zheng-mei, SHAO Xiao-xia, LI Xiao-hong, LI Shun-ying

2009, 14(1):  10-13. 

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AIM: To investigate the changes of phospho-cAMP response element binding protein (p-CREB) and c-Fos in two brain regions of morphine-reactivated conditioned place preference (CPP) in rats. METHODS: Morphine was administered by subcutaneous injection at gradually increasing dose for 6 days to establish morphine CPP.From the 7th day, the rats were administered saline instead of morphine for 10 days to induce CPP extinction.The rats were given a single priming injection of morphine to reactivate the morphine CPP.The p-CREB and c-Fos were assayed with immunohistochemistry method in the phase of recurrence of CPP rekindled by morphine.RESULTS: Increasing dose of morphine conditioning for 6 days resulted in acquisition of CPP and morphine (4 mg/kg) reactivated CPP following 10 days drug free period. Compared with saline control, morphine-reactivated CPP elevated the expression of p-CREB and c-Fos in hippocampus and amygdala in rats (P< 0.05).CONCLUSION: p-CREB and c-Fos expression in hippocampus and amygdala may be involved in the mechanisms of recurrence of CPP.

Change of calreticulin precursor in pulmonary hypertension rats interfered with puerarin

WU Jun, WANG Liang-xing, YING Bing-yu, SHI Meng-ru

2009, 14(1):  14-19. 

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AIM: To investigate the changes of calreticulin precursor in the normal, pulmonary hypertensive induced by monocrotaline and puerarin rats, and to explore the mechanism of the inhibition of puerarin on the pulmonary hypertension and pneumoangiogram rebuilding.METHODS: The pulmonary hypertensive rat model was established and the mean pulmonary arterial pressure, mean carotid arterial pressure, weight ratio of right ventricle to left ventricle plus septum, thickness of pulmonary arterial media smooth cell layer were measured.The two-dimensional gel electrophoresis was used to detect the total proteins from these five groups.The MALDI-TOF-TOF-MS was used to identify the differential protein and the retrieval databank in NCBInr was searched.RESULTS: The mean pulmonary artery pressure (mPAP), right ventricle proportion by weight ([RV/(LV+S) ] %) and pulmonary artery media thickness(PAMT) of 3-week-monocrotaline group were highly significant than those of normal group (P<0.01), indicated that the rat model of pulmonary hypertention formed.The mPAP, [RV/(LV+S) %] and PAMT of puerarin group were lowly significant than those of 3-week-monocrotaline group, indicated that the pulmonary hypertention, pneumoangiogram rebuilding, the right ventricle hypertrophy could be inhibited by puerarin.The MALDI-TOF-TOF-MS discovered that the calreticulin precursor expressed almost 0 in normal group and expressed a great quantity in 3-week-monocrotaline group, but down-expressed quickly in puerarin group, almost 0 level.CONCLUSION: The puerarin could inhibit the form of pulmonary hypertension by interfering with calreticulin precursor, it is worth further studies.

Experimental research about levels of endogenous hydrogen sulfide and cystathionine-γ-lyase mRNA in asthmatic rats

FANG Li, LI Chang-chong, TONG Xia-sheng, WANG Hua-fang, WANG Zhao-ding

2009, 14(1):  20-24. 

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AIM: To investigate the levels of endogenous hydrogen sulfide(H₂S)and cystathionine-γ-lyase(CSE)mRNA of acute asthma, and to explore the functions of H2S and CSE in mechanism of asthma exacerbation.METHODS: Thirty male SD rats were randomly divided into three groups, named asthma group,control group and dexamethasone treated group.The contents of H₂S were detected in the blood plasma by spectrophotometry.The levels of CSE mRNA in the lung tissues were detected by RT-PCR.RESULTS: The contents of H₂S in plasma of asthma group(61±16)μmol/L were significantly decreased than those in control group[(84±15)μmol/L, P<0.01].But there were nosignificance between dexamethasone treated group[(73±16)μmol/L] and control group(P>0.05), and there were nonsignificance between dexamethasone treated group and asthma group either(P>0.05).Levels of CSE mRNA in the lung tissues of asthma group(0.14±0.02 vs 0.33±0.04)were significantly decreased than those in control group (0.46±0.05)(P<0.01).And in dexamethasone treated group(0.33±0.04), levels of CSE mRNA in the lung tissues were significantly increased than those in asthma group(P<0.01), but were significantly decreased than those in control group(P<0.01).There were significantly positive correlation between contents of H₂S in the blood plasma and levels of CSE mRNA in the lung tissues(n=30, r=0.504, P<0.01).CONCLUSION: The contents of H₂S in the blood plasma and levels of CSE mRNA in the lung tissues are decreased in asthmatic rats.They possibly participate in the inflammation process of asthma.Dexamethasone reducing the airway inflammation of asthma is possibly in part to the system of H₂S CSE.

Vitamin E administration improves learning and memory deficits in modeling Alzheimer' s disease

ZHAO Lin, HE Miao, JIN Wan-bao, ZHAO Hai-shan, YAO Wei-fan, WEIMin-jie

2009, 14(1):  25-31. 

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AIM: To investigate the protective effects of Vitamin E on learning and memory in a mouse model of Alzheimer' s disease (AD) and the mechanisms.METHODS: Mice were intragastric administrated with D-galactose (D-gal ) and sodium nitrite (NaNO2 ) or vehicle, and divided into two main groups which received Vitamin E (28 and 280 IU kg) at two different time points:either at the same time of administration, or 2 h after D-gal and NaNO2 dosing.After that, animals were trained and tested learning and memory abilities using the SMG-2 water maze.The changes of AChE and nuclear factor (NF)-κB were detected to explore the mechanism of Vitamin E' s protective effects on learning and memory deficits.RESULTS: Mice administrated with Vitamin E at the same time of D-gal and NaNO2 dosing showed a significant decrease in escape latency[F(3, 56)=6.959 on day 1;F (3, 56)=6.689 on day 2;F (3, 56)= 17.379 on day 3;F(3, 56)=13.391 on day 4;P<0.05], accompanied with significant reduction of MDA[F(3, 28)=11.235, P<0.05] and AChE activity[F(3, 28)=29.431, P<0.05], increase of SOD activity [F(3, 28)=7.372, P<0.05].Vitamin E also decreased Aβ and NF-κB expressions in the cerebral cortex of AD mice model (P<0.05).However, mice receiving Vitamin E 2 h after D-gal and NaNO₂ dosing can not reverse the learning and memory deficits.CONCLUSION: Preventive administration of Vitamin E could remarkably prevent the learning and memory impairment, the machnism may be to increase the activity of SOD, reduce the activity of AChE, the levels of MDA and the expressions of Aβ and NF-κB in the brain.

Nimodipine inhibits ischemia-reperfusion triggered neurogenesis in adult rats

TIAN He-ping, GU Bin, CHENG Feng, HAO Huai-yong, HU Wei-xin, LI Li-xin

2009, 14(1):  32-36. 

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AIM: To observe the effects of Nimodipine on hippocampal dentate gyrus neurogenesis of the adult rat triggered by ischemia-reperfusion and investigate its molecular mechanism.METHODS: The cerebral ischemia-reperfusion models were established by four-vessel-blocked method.Nimodipine or the extracellular signal-regulated kinase inhibitor U0126 was administrated by intravenous injection or intraventricular injection, respectively before ischemia 20 min.The hippocampal dentate gyrus neurogenesis was detected by immunohistochemistry of 5-bromodeoxyuridine (Brdu).The expressions of ERK and p-ERK were detected by Western blotting.RESULTS: Nimodipine not only inhibited hippocampal dentate gyrus neurogenesis but also the expression of p-ERK in the area of dentate gyrus after ischemia-reperfusion.There was no significant difference in hippocampal dentate gyrus neurogenesis between the U0126 group and U0126 combined with Nimodipine group.CONCLUSION: Nimodipine inhibits hippocampal dentate gyrus neurogenesis, and it may be related with the down-regulation p-ERK after ischemia-reperfusion.

Anticancer activity of extractive purified from Agkistrodon acutus Venom in vitro

CHEN Dong-yun, PAN Xue-bing, JI Zhao-ning

2009, 14(1):  37-41. 

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AIM: To purify snake venom metalloproteinase x (SVMP-x) from Agkistrodon acutus Venom and investigate its anticancer activity in vitro.METHODS: The SVMP-x was separated from Agkistrodon acutus Venom by ion exchange using DEAE-Sepharose FF and SP-Sepharose FF and further purified by gel filtration through sephadex G75 columns.Different origins of tumor cell lines were cultured with different concentrations of SVMP-x.Vehicle and 5-FU were used as negative and positive control respectively.The in vitro anticancer activity of SVMP-x was determined by CCK-8 assay.RESULTS: SVMP-x was purified from Agkistrodon acutus Venom.CCK-8 assay demonstrated that SVMP-x inhibited the proliferation of SGC7901, SW480, SH-SY5Y and B16 in a dose-dependent manner.The inhibition rates of SVMP-x to SGC7901 and B16 were significantly higher than that of 5-FU positive control.SVMP-x inhibited the proliferation of SGC7901 in a time-and dose-dependent manner.CONCLUSION: An anticancer component SVMP-x is successfully purified from Agkistrodon acutus Venom and SVMP-x inhibits the proliferation of a variety of tumor cell lines in vitro.

Different responses of calcitonin gene-related peptide between losartan and prazosin in early phase of renovascular hypertension

QIN Xu-ping, CHEN Yun, QIN You-fa, TIAN Hai-hong, SUN Fei

2009, 14(1):  42-47. 

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AIM: To explore the response of calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP) in early phase hypertension, and the effect of two kinds of antihypertensive drugs, losartan or prazosin, on the response of CGRP in the process of hypotension.METHODS: The 2-kidney, 1-clip Goldblatt (2k1c) hypertensive rats were used in the present study, the blood pressure was measured by the tail-cuff method under conscious conditions, the mean artery pressure was calculated. The CGRP-like and angiotensin Ⅱ(AngⅡ) immunoactivity in the plasma were measured using radioimmunoassay.The reverse-transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) was used for the determination of the expression of CGRP mRNA in the lumbar dorsal root ganglia(DRG).RESULTS: The systolic blood pressure (SBP) and mean artery pressure significantly increased at the tenth day after operation (P<0.01). The plasma levels of CGRP and Ang II(P<0.01, P<0.01) and the expression of CGRP mRNA were significantly increased compared with those in control group (P<0.05) at the end of the experiment.Treatment with losartan significantly decreased the blood pressure and increased the plasma concentrations of AngⅡ and CGRP (P<0.01, P<0.01) and the expression of CGRP mRNA in DRG (P<0.05).However, treatment with prazosin caused a hypotensive effect but companied with the decrease of CGRP in plasma concentration and mRNA in the DRG (P<0.05, P<0.01), and did not significantly increase the plasma Ang Ⅱ(P>0.05) compared with non-treated 2K1C hypertensive rats.CONCLUSION: These results suggest that the Goldblatt 2K1C rats exhibit a compensatory action of sensory nerves.The depressor mechanism of losartan or prazosin may be related to different effects on the synthesis and release of CGRP in the 2K1C Goldblatt hypertensive rats.

Primary prevention effect of atorvastatin on myocardial hypertrophy in ApoE-deficient (ApoE-/-) mice

QIN Yan-wen, YE Ping, WANG Lu-ya, YANG Ya

2009, 14(1):  48-51. 

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AIM: To study the changes in myocardial cells and myocardial interstitial substances in ApoE-deficienct [ApoE(-/-) ] mice feeding with cholesterol food, and approach the primary prevention effects with atorvastatin on ApoE-deficienct ApoE(-/-) mice. METHODS: Sixteen male ApoE-deficienct mice of eight weeks feeding with high cholesterol food were randomly divided into two groups:model group (n=8 ), atorvastatin early intervention group (10 mg·kg^-1 ·d^-1) (n=8), nomal C57BL 6J mice of the same ages were set as the control group, feeding with high cholesterol animal food for 24 weeks and then were executed.The serum cholesterol/Level was detected with common practice method, the contents TC, NO, SOD infresh heart tissue were determined.Other portions of heart tissue were fixted, paraffin section, the changes of mice morphology and myocardial collagen in all groups were observed by HE and Masson dyeing, respectively.RESULTS: Compared with model group, the levels of ApoE-deficienct (ApoE-/-) mice blood plasma, heart tissue cholesterol, malondialdehyde significantly decreased, and the levels of NO, SOD significantly increased (P<0.05), themyocardial cells diameter and the content of myocardial collagen in ApoEdeficienct (ApoE-/-) mice significantly decreased in atorvastatin early intervention group (P<0.05 ).CONCLUSION: Atorvastatin could decrease the level of cholesterol, enhance the antioxygen ability, decrease the content of myocardial collagen, lessen cardiac remodeling to the early intervention (ApoE-/-) mice with cholesterol feed.

Effects of curcumine on production of inflammatory factors induced by lysophosphatidyl choline in human umbilical vein endothelial cells

LI Wei-jun, LIU Qiao-qiao

2009, 14(1):  52-56. 

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AIM: To observe the effects of curcumine on the production of inflammatory factors induced by lysophosphatidylcholine (LPC) and investigate the anti-atherosclerosis mechanism of curcumine.METHODS: The human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) were treated with LPC (5 mg/L) for 24 h following pretreatment with various concentrations of curcumine(25, 50, 100 mg/L) for 30 min.Intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1), monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP-1), IL-6 and TNF-αwere determinded by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and real-time quantitative reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (real-time RT-PCR),the protein expression of nuclearfactor kappa Bp65 (NF-κBp65) was assayed by western blot analysis and immunohistochemical method.RESULTS: The levels and mRNA expression of ICAM-1, MCP-1, IL-6 and TNF-α, and the NF-κBp65 activity were significantly increased by LPC.The increased production of inflammatory factors and NF-κBp65 activity were markedly inhibited by different concentrations of curcumine in a dose-dependent manner.CONCLUSION: Curcumine inhibited the production of inflammatory factors might be related with depressing the activation of NF-κB.

Protective effect of triptolide against severe acute pancreatitis-associated lung injury in rats

LI Xing-wang, SHANG You, ZHANG Bing, HU Ming-pin, LIAN Qing-quan

2009, 14(1):  57-61. 

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AIM: To investigate the effects of triptolide on severe acute pancreatitis-associated lung injury in rats and assess the possible mechanisms. METHODS: Thirty-six male Wistar rats were randomly divided into 3 groups (n=12):Sham, model and triptolide group.Sham group only underwent laparotomy.Immediately after undergoing retrograde intraductal injection of sodium taurocholate, triptolide and model groups received triptolide 0.2 mg/kg and normal saline, respectively.Six hours after sodium taurocholate injection, rats were sacrificed.Six animals in each group were intravenously injected with Evans blue (EB) 20 mg/kg at 15 min before sacrifice.Bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) was collected for determination of PMN count andMPO activity.The lungs were removed for evaluation of histological injury and determination of wet dry lung weight (W/D) ratio, EB content, myeloperoxidase (MPO) activity, and expression levels of ICAM-1.The blood was obtained for determining the expression levels of PMN CD_11b/CD₁₈.The histopathologic changes of lung were observed.RESULTS: Compared with sham group, the histopathologic injury of lung in model group was serious, and the MPO activity, PMN count in BALF, the W/D ratio, EB content, MPO activity, the expression of ICAM-1 and PMN CD_11b/CD₁₈ in lung tissues were increased.Compared with model group, all of these changes were significantly reduced in triptolide group (P<0.05 or 0.01).CONCLUSION: Triptolide has protective effect against severe acute pancreatitis-associated lung injury in rats.The underlying mechanisms are via an inhibition of neutrophilic recruitment and activity through down-regulating the expressions of lung ICAM-1 and PMN CD_11b/CD₁₈.

Class effect of ACEI in improving myocardial interstitial remodeling of diabetic rat

LIAO Mei-mei, XIONG Shi-xi, XIAO Ran, MING Xin-wen, YANG Han-dong

2009, 14(1):  62-66. 

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AIM: Through comparing 4 ACEIs'influence in cardiac index, expression levels of typeⅠ, type III collagen, TGF-β₁, MMP-1 and TIMP-1 of diabetic rats to investigate the class effect of the ACEIs in improving myocardial interstitial remodeling of diabetic rat.METHODS: 50 male SD rats were injected streptozotocin(STZ) to induce into diabetic mellitus(DM), then the rats were divided into model group(n=9), captopril treated group (50 mg/kg, n=9), imidapril treated group(10 mg/kg, n=9), benazepril treated group(10 mg/kg, n=9) and fosinopril treated group (5 mg/kg, n=10).10 male SD rats were choosed as normal control group.Immunohistochemistry was used to measure the expression levels of type Ⅰ, type Ⅲ collagen, transforming growth factor beta 1(TGF-β₁ ) protein, matrix metalloproteinases (MMP)-1 and tissue inhibitors of metalloproteinases (TIMP)-1 protein.The mRNA of MMP-1 and TIMP-1 mRNA were measured by RT-PCR.RESULTS: By the end of the experiment, the cardiac index and the ventricle index were significantly higher in the model group than those in the normal control group (P<0.05).The expression of type I, type III collagen, TGF-β1 protein, TIMP-1 protein and mRNA were also significantly higher than in the normal control group while the expression of MMP-1 protein and mRNA were significantly lower. All the index was greatly improved in the treated groups compared with the model group. There were some difference exist in captopril among other three groups.CONCLUSION: Through increasing the expression of TGF-β₁ and TIMP-1, at the same time decreasing the expression of MMP-1, all the ACEIs could improve the myocardial interstitial remodeling, and the result was effected by the contribution to Ang Ⅱ.

Chemical space and multitarget effects analyses in treating osteoarthritis of Haitongpi tang

ZHENG Chun-song, YE Hong-zhi, LIU Xian-xiang, XU Xiao-jie

2009, 14(1):  67-71. 

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AIM: To study the multitarget effects of Chinese medicine Haitongpi tang on treating osteoarthritis from the view of chemical space.METHODS: Computation methods were performed to analyze chemical space of effective components of Haitongpi tang and drug drug-like databases.Some descriptor distributions were described and principal component analysis(PCA) were performed to map these multiple descriptor values into a 2D ppace.RESULTS: The effective components of Haitongpi tang had good diversity,which had druglike properties and composited a special subset of natural product compounds.CONCLUSION: The methods reveal directly the multitarget effects of Haitongpi tang on treating osteoarthritis,which is of great importance to find clues of potential synergism in Chinese medicine.

Study on the relationship between the therapeutic effect of enalapril on blood pressure reduction and ACE genetic polymorphisms

TANG Qiang, HUANG You-liang, YU Qun-jun, HUANG Qiong, YIN Ji-ye, ZHOUHong-hao, LIU Zhao-qian

2009, 14(1):  72-75. 

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AIM: To investigate the relationship between the therapeutic effect of enalapril on blood pressure reduction and ACE genetic polymorphisms. METHODS: The genotypes of ACE in 68 patients with essential hypertension were determined by polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism (PCR-RFLP)assay.All subjects were randomly divided into three groups (group DD, group Ⅱ, and group ID)according to their different ACE genotypes.68 patients with essential hypertension were treated with 20 mg enalapril daily for 2 consecutive weeks.The changes of systolic and diastolic blood pressure in all subjects were observed before and after enalapril administration.RESULTS: The data showed that there were significantly statistical difference in the systolic blood pressure and diastolic blood pressure in three groups' patients with essential hypertension between before and after enalapril administration (P<0.05).Additionally, there was marked difference in the differential values of systolic blood pressure and diastolic blood pressure reduction between group DD and group Ⅱ(P<0.05).The total efficacy rate of enalapril treatment was 91.30 % in group DD, 85.71 % in group ID, and 79.16 % in groupⅡrespectively, which indicated enalapril had the best effect on blood pressure reduction in DD genotyped group.CONCLUSION: The therapeutic effect of enalapril on blood pressure reduction is associated with ACE genetic polymorphism and the essential hypertensive patients with DD genotypes had the best response to enalapril treatment compared with ID genotypes andⅡgenotypes.

Application of edit checks in clinical research data management

LI Wei, BO Qing-yan, ZOU Jian-dong, XIONG Ning-ning

2009, 14(1):  76-79. 

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It is more and more popular to clean research data by using edit checks among the clinical research management departments.Edit check is an auditable process, and can be sorted by running time, error types and running methods.The process of edit check includes edit check specifications design, edit check programming, validation and implementation.

Comparison on two methods of HPLC-MS/MS and MEIA in monitoring the tacrolimus concentrations for organ transplantation patients

LI Peng-fei, LIU Li-hong, MA Ping, DING Chun-lei, TONG Wei-hang

2009, 14(1):  80-83. 

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AIM: To compare two methods of HPLC-MS/MS and MEIA to monitor the tacrolimus concentrations for organ transplantation patient. METHODS: After developing and validating the HPLC-MS/MS method to determine the concentrations of tacrolimus, the tacrolimus samples were quantitated by two methods of HPLC-MS/MS and MEIA, respectively.Evaluate two methods by statistical analysis of quantitative results.RESULTS: The mean concentration were(4.86±0.46)ng/mL by HPLC-MS/MS and (5.52±0.43)ng/mL by MEIA.The coefficient correlation of two methods was 0.8771, and the two methods have good correlations in statistics.The mean concentration ratio was (90.3±5.3)%.CONCLUSION: The HPLC-MS/MS method is a more precise method for to determining the effective concentration of tacrolimus, which is suitable for daily TDM.

Establishment of a sandwich ELISA for quantitative measurement of human supersensitivity C-reactive protein and primary clinical application study

SHEN Dan-dan, BIAN Zhi-ping, HE Guo-ping, GU Chun-rong, XU Jin-dan, YANG Di, ZHANG Ji-nan

2009, 14(1):  84-89. 

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AIM: To establish a sandwich ELISA for quantitative measurement of supersensitivity C-reactive protein(hs-CRP).METHODS: Anti-CRP monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) prepared by our laboratory were purified by Protein A affinity chromatography and analyzed by SDS-PAGE and Western-blotting to test their characteristics.All the mAbs were labeled with horseradish peroxidase by sodium oxidation method and antibody mating test were performed using anti-CRP mAb as coating antibody and HRP labeled anti-CRP mAb as labeled antibody, in which optimal concentrations were defined by square mateix titration.Standard curve was performed using purified CRP and the sensitivity, reproducibility and recovery rate test of ELISA was evaluated.The CRP levels in plasma were measured in this assay.RESULTS: The optimal paired antibodies were anti-CRP mAb 1C10 and HRP labeled anti-CRP mAb 2C11, and the optimal concentrations were 10 μg/mL and 1 ∶2000, respectively.The coefficient of variation were 3.1 % to 9.7 % within assay and 3.6 %to 13.6 % between assay.The sensitivity in this assay was 8.3 ng/mL.The recovery rate was 90 % to 109 %.According to the result, 68 normal persons' hs-CRP level in plasma of coronary arteriography were detected by ELISA, 59 with stenosis<50 % and 67 with stenosis ≥50 %.The results showed that the plasma hs-CRP level in patients with stenosis<50 % (3.65±1.15) mg/L was significantly higher (P<0.05) than hs-CRP in normol persons(1.75±0.74) mg/L, the plasma hs-CRP level in stenosis ≥ 50 % patients (8.93±3.29) mg/L was significantly higher (P<0.05) than stenosis<50 % patients.CONCLUSION: A sandwich ELISA for detecting hs-CRP was established.

Dose-effect relationship of intrathecal ropivacaine for labor analgesia

CAI Xiao-lei, VZHONG Hui-zhen, GAN Guo, YUAN Li-yong, HUANG Jian-ping, FANG Chun-feng

2009, 14(1):  90-93. 

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AIM: To determine the dose-effect relationship of intrathecal ropivacaine for labor analgesia. METHODS: One hundred premolars in active labor were included in this randomized trial.Ropivacaine was intrathecally administered in a dose of 1.0, 1.5, 2.2 or 3.3 mg.Premolars were considered responders to spinal analgesia if the visual analog scale score for pain was less than 3 cm within 10 min.Group-specific dose-response curves were constructed using a probit regression model.RESULTS: The ED50 and ED95 of ropivacaine were 1.50 mg (95 % confidence interval: 1.31-1.70mg) and 2.93mg(95 % confidence interval: 2.42-4.16 mg ), respectively.The relationship between the probit of effective analgesic ratio of premolars and the log of dosage of intrathecal ropivacaine was established.Regression equation was Probit (Z)=-1.00478+5.67816(log of dosage).CONCLUSION: The ED50 and ED95 of ropivacaine are 1.50 mg and 2.93 mg, respectively.

Analysis of risk factors and feature of pathogens and clinical treatment to the old pneumonia patients

YAN Han, LIU Shu-hua, DU Mi-wen, HUANG Hong-chun, ZHAO Zhi-ming, WANG Shun

2009, 14(1):  94-97. 

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AIM: To investigate the risk factors, pathogens features and clinical treatment perscription in the old pneumonia patients, and approach measures for prevention pneumonia disease in the old.METHODS: 166 clinical data of pneumonia patients with hospitalization records were analyzed retrospectively, the age, concomitant disease, clinical situation, pathogens feature, therapy and turnover were analyzed too.RESULTS: The data analysis showed clinical symptoms in most old patients were atypical, 84.3 % old patients had underlying diseases, and 80.8 % patients with combined infection, gram negative bacterium(G^-) as the major pathogenic bacteria (71.1 %).The pneumonia disease in old should better taking rescue by stages combined with antifungal drugs.CONCLUSION: As to the old pneumonia patients, we should grasp the rules and treat the deseases according to the pathogens feature.The beginning empiric treatment with broad-antibacterials or combination antibacterial should consider G^- microbacillary antibiotics, treat primarily disease as well as symptomatic treatment to elevate cure rates.

Effects of atorvastain on tissue factor and tumor necrosis factor-alpha synthesis in peripheral blood monocytes from patients with acute coronary syndrome

WU Xu-bin, TANG Sheng-xin, WU Guang-wei, LIN Ying-zhong, HU Chang-xin

2009, 14(1):  98-102. 

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AIM: To explore the effects of atorvastatin on the expression of tissue factor and TNF-α, and the tissue factor activity in peripheral blood monocytes from patients with acute coronary syndrome.METHODS: Monocytes were isolated from patients with acute coronary syndrome and cultured with atorvastatin (0, 0.1, 1, 10 μmol/L) for up to 24 hours.The tissue factor and tumor necrosis factor-alpha antigens in culture medium and cells were measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay.The tissue factor activity was examined by chromogenic substrate assay and the mRNA levels were assessed by reverse-transcriptase polymerase chain reaction.RESULTS: Atorvastatin (0, 0.1, 1, 10μmol/L) dose-dependently decreased the levels of tissue factor [(5.8±1.3), (4.6±0.8), (3.7±0.9) and (2.7±0.5) ng/L, respectively] (P<0.05), and the activity of tissue factor [(16.2±3.2), (7.7±2.8), (4.3±0.8) and (3.8±0.8) pmol/L] (P<0.01) in peripheral blood monocytes from patients with acute coronary syndrome.These alterations were accompanied by a reduction in the levels of TNF-α[(306±40), (264±54), (229±24) and (189±44) ng/L, respectively] (P<0.05 ).CONCLUSION: The findings showed that atorvastatin reduced the tissue factor, TNF-αsynthesis and tissue factor activity in peripheral blood monocytes from patients with acute coronary syndrome, and thus potentially had the preventive and therapeutic effects on acute coronary syndrome.

Sodium-coupled monocarboxylate transporters and their actions in drug delivery

XU Qiu-xia, WANG Yin, MA Li-yan

2009, 14(1):  103-109. 

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Sodium-coupled monocarboxylate transporters contain two subtypes:SMCT1 and SMCT2. Both of them have similar substrate specificity, but SMCT1 has higher affinity for substrate than SMCT2.SMCT1 and SMCT2 are expressed in intestine, kidney and retina.They maintain physiological function of the tissues by transporting monocarboxylate cooperately.In this paper, the biological characteristics, substrates and inhibitors, tissue distribution and physiological function, as well as actions in drug delivery of SMCT1 and SMCT2 are reviewed.

Influence of planta medica on the blood concentration of tacrolimus

PANG Xiao-yun, SHEN Jin-fang

2009, 14(1):  110-112. 

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Tacrolimus is an widely used immunosuppressant in organ transplant patients for anti-rejection, and the quality of life and survival rate are greatly enhanced.At present, a growing number of scholars concerned with drug interactions of Western medicine and tacrolimus.However, the impact of planta medica on it was rarely systematically overviewed.This article explored the interaction of planta medica and tacrolimus.

Mechanisms of Dexamethasone inducing generation of tolerogenic dendritic cells

HE Xiao-kui, HU Yong-xiu

2009, 14(1):  113-116. 

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Dexamethasone belongs to Glucocorticoids and is one kind of widely used immunosuppressive agents in clinical practice.Recent researches have found that in the early stage of immue responses, Dexamethasone works by affecting dendritic cells in vivo. Dexamethasone can restrain specific immune response priming and reduce inflammatory factor releasing by inhibiting differentiation and maturation of dendritic cells, changing phenotype and some important biological functions of dendritic cells.It has become a new focus in basic and clinical medicine to apply Dexamethasone in treatment of autoimmune diseases, tumor, graft rejection reaction and other diseases through its influence on dendritic cells.

Diphasic action of nitric oxide in doxorubicin-induced cardiotoxicity

XIN Yan-fei, ZHANG Li-li, XUAN Yao-xian

2009, 14(1):  117-120. 

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Anthracycline doxorubicin is a efficient antitumor drug, which be applied in treatment of hematology diseases and various kinds solid tumor.Doxorubicin induces multiplicitas biochemistry passage cell damage and lead to severe dose-dependent cardiotoxicity.So its application and therapeutic index are limited and affected.nitric oxide is an important biology messenger molecule.Its importment action in doxorubicininduced cardiotoxicity receives universal concern.This article summarizes the development of nitric oxide in doxorubin-induced cardiotoxicity by referring to recent domestic and overseas relevant referrences.