Table of Content

Volume 12 Issue 6
26 June 2007

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Relationship between β-adrenergic receptor genetic polymorphism and disease susceptibility as well as differences in drug response

LIU Jie, LIU Zhao-qian, ZHOU Hong-hao

2007, 12(6):  601-608. 

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β-adrenergic receptor is one subfamily belongs to G-protein coupled receptor, which modulates various physiologic functions in response to endogenous catecholamines and acts as a target for many drugs. This article elucidates mainly the relationship between β-adrenergic receptor genetic polymorphism and disease susceptibility as well as differences in drug response.

Recent progress in research of protective effects of erythropoietin on cerebral ischemia

YU Yue-ping, YE Yi-lu

2007, 12(6):  609-613. 

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It has been proved that erythropoietin has neuroprotective effect and therapeutic action on cerebral ischemia in vivo and in vitro. The mechanisms of these actions may be involved in anti-exitotoxicity of aminoglutaric acid, regulating the synthesis of nitric oxide, antioxidation, antiinflammatory, inhibiting neuron apoptosis, accelerating angiogenesis, neurogenesis, neurotrophy and others. In addition, exogenous erythropoietin can enter brain tissue through blood-brain barrier and exert neuroprotection. So it is indicated that erythropoietin can be expected to be a new drug to prevent and treat cerebral ischemia.

Adeno-associated virus-mediated pancreatic and duodenal homeobox gene 1 delivery induced insulin-producing cells in livers of diabetic rats

LI Hua, LI Xin-yan, XU Rui-an

2007, 12(6):  614-619. 

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AIM:Pancreatic and duodenal homeobox gene 1(pdx-1) is a crucial transcription factor in pancreatic islet development and differentiation. This study was conducted to evaluate whether pdx-1 delivered by adenoassociated virus (AAV) could induce liver cells to differentiate into insulin-producing cells in diabetic rats and thus provide more information for cell replacement therapy for diabetes.METHODS: Recombinant AAV vector was employed to deliver pdx-1to STZ-induced diabetic rats via portal vein (4 ×10¹¹). Blood glucose and body weight were monitored. Gene expression of pdx-1 and insulin were determined by RT-PCR and immunocytotochemistry (ICC) at the 6th week after the injection.RESULTS: AAV-pdx-1 group showed obvious gene expression of pdx-1 and insulin by RT-PCR analysis and the presence of more insulin-positive cells by ICC. Hyperglycemia was partially ameliorated and body weight was also increased in AAV-pdx-1 treated diabetic rats, though still significantly different from those in the non-diabetic group.CONCLUSION:The data indicate that AAV-pdx-1 can induce more rat liver cells into insulin-producing cells in vivo, thereby ameliorate hyperglycemia. Further experiments are needed to explore which subpopulation of liver cells responds to this development shift and the mechanism of this development shift induced by pdx-1 in order to improve the differentiation efficiency.

Effect of different types of flavonoids on H₂O₂-induced apoptosis in neonatal rat cardiomyocytes

LU Jing-kun, WANG Li-wei, LIU Feng-zhi

2007, 12(6):  620-625. 

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AIM:To investigate the effect of different types of flavonoids, galangin (flavonol), hesperetin (flavonone) and hydroxysafflor yellow A (HYSA, chalcone), on cardiomyocytic injury induced by H₂O₂, and explore the possible signal pathways involved.METHODS:The cytotoxicity of different flavonoids was determined by MTT assay. Apoptosis rate was determined by flow cytometry (FCM) and terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase-mediated dUTP nick end labeling (TUNEL). Immunohistochemistry was used for detection of Bcl-2, Bax and Caspase-3 protein.RESULTS:It showed that each flavonoid did not have noticeable cytotoxicity at a concentration of 5 μmol/L by MTT assay. Flavonoids at concentrations of 5, 15 and 30 μmol/L significantly increased cell viability compared to model group induced by H₂O₂ (100 μmol/L). Flavonoids also increased apoptosis rate and neorobiosis rate determined by FCM compared to model group. Galangin and hesperetin significantly decreased the apoptotic rate determined by TUNEL and the expression of Caspase-3 and increased the ratio of Bcl-2 Bax (P<0. 05) compared with model group.CONCLUSION:The results suggest that galangin and hesperetin inhibit the apoptosis induced by H₂O₂ in neonatal rat cardiomyocytes and that there was not noticeable difference between galangin and hesperetin in TUNEL test when H₂O₂ was used at a concentration of 100 μmol/L. They regulate the expression of Bcl-2, Bax and Caspase-3 proteins. HYSA may have stronger effect on neorobiosis than on apoptosis.

Agonists of group II and III metabotropic glutamate receptors reverse LPS-induced glutamate uptake inhibition in C6 glioma cells

ZOU Jing, YAO Hong-Hong, HU Gang

2007, 12(6):  626-629. 

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AIM:To study whether agonists of group II and III metabotropic glutamate receptors (mGluRs) exert effects on LPS-induced glutamate uptake inhibition in C6 glioma cells.METHODS:The glutamate uptake into C6 glioma cells was measured by uptake of [³H]-D, Lglutamate; and the apoptosis and the viability of C6 glioma cells were investigated by Hoechst33342 and MTT methods, respectively.RESULTS:LPS (4, 6 μg/mL) inhibited glutamate uptake significantly compared with that in the control group without effect on the apoptosis and viability of C6 glioma cells. Pretreatment of C6 glioma cells with group II and III mGluRs agonists DCG-IV (100 μmol/L) and L-AP4(100 μmol/L) reversed LPS-induced glutamate uptake inhibition. These recovery effects were abolished by their respective antagonists APICA and MSOP.CONCLUSION:Activation of group II and III mGluRs recovers LPS-induced glutamate uptake inhibition in C6 glioma cells, suggesting the enhancement of glutamate uptake is involved in neuroprotective roles exerted by group II and III mGluRs agonists.

Effects of ginsensodie-Rh₂ on proliferation inhibition and Caspasc-3 protein expression in T47D cell lines

ZHU Jun-rong, SUN Jian-guo, XIE Hai-tang, LOU Sheng, TAO Yi-fu, XIAO Da-wei, WANG Guang-ji

2007, 12(6):  630-634. 

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AIM:To examine the effects of ginsenoside-Rh₂(GS-Rh₂)on proliferation and apoptosis of human breast cancer cell lines T47D and to explore its potential action mechanism.METHODS:Cell growth inhibition was evaluated by MTT colorimetric assay. Cellular morphology was observed under microscope. Apoptotic cells and the changes of cell cycle were determined by flow cytometry (FCM), and the expression of Caspase-3 protein was detected with FCM, too.RESULTS: MTT colorimetric assay revealed that the inhibition of G-Rh₂ to the growth of T47D cells was in a time-and dose-dependent manner. The 50% inhibition concentration (IC₅₀) value was 21. 6 μg/mL. GS-Rh₂ was capable of arresting the cell cycle at G₁ phase. The expression of Caspase-3 protein was up-regulated after exposure to GS-Rh₂.CONCLUSION:GS-Rh₂ exhibits the growth inhibition effects and induces apoptosis in the test concentration on T47D cell lines. Apoptosis of T47D cells induced by GSRh₂ may be related to arresting cell cycle up-regulating Caspase-3 protein expression.

Effect of arsenic trioxide on proliferation and apoptosis of mesenchymal stem cell of human bone marrow

CHEN Xiao-chen, WU De-pei, CHEN Feng, CHANG Wei-rong

2007, 12(6):  635-638. 

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AIM:To study the effect of arsenic trioxide (ATO) on the proliferation and apoptosis of mesenchymal stem cell (MSC) of human bone marrow in vitro.METHODS:MSC from healthy volunteers were cultured in vitro and subcultured for three generations. After being identified, the cells were cultured with different concentrations of ATO (1, 5, 10 μmol/L). After 24, 48 and 72 h, the morphological changes of MSC were observed by HE staining; the inhibition of proliferation was measured by MTT assay, and cell apoptosis was evaluated by flow cytometry.RESULTS:After treatment of ATO, partial cells presented characteristic morphological changes. ATO inhibited the growth of MSC in a concentration-and timedependent manner. Flow cytometry analysis showed that ATO induced apoptosis of MSC, and the percentage of apoptotic cells increased as the concentration increased and time elapsed. While the cells were treated with ATO (10 μmol/L) for 72 h, the percentage of apoptotic cells was 68. 37% ±2. 93% .CONCLUSION: ATO can inhibit proliferation of MSC and promote its apoptosis in vitro.

Effect of recombinant human keratinocyte growth factor-2 on burn wound healing in rats and its probable mechanisms of action

YUAN Hai-hong, ZHOU Wei, RONG Zheng-xing, LIAO Zhen-jiang, ZHANG Qin, QIAO Liang, CHEN Hong-zhuan

2007, 12(6):  639-644. 

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AIM:To investigate the effect of recombinant human keratinocyte growth factor-2 (rhKGF-2) on skin wound healing in rats and its possible mechanism.METHODS:Deep Ⅱ degree burn wound model was established in rats. The wound areas, the thickness, migration distances and areas of neoepithelia tissue were detected with IMAGE-PRO express morphological analysis software after Hematoxylin and Eosin staining. MTT and clone forming assay were used to measure the HaCaT cells proliferation. The keratinocyte migration and cell wound closure were observed in the scratch experiment.RESULTS: rhKGF-2 obviously accelerated the healing rate of deep II degree burn wound with improved reepidermidation. Increases in migration distance, average area and thickness of neoepithelium were found in a dose-dependent manner. In addition, rhKGF-2 increased HaCaT cells proliferation rate, migration and clone forming efficiency in a concentration dependent manner (P<0. 05).CONCLUSION: These results show that rhKGF-2 significantly accelerates wound healing partly through the enhancement of keratinocyte proliferation and migration.

Protective effect of insulin-like growth factor-1 on apoptosis in murine pancreatic β-cells

LIU Xiao-hong, CHEN Zhou, WANG Yan-ping, LIU Li-bin

2007, 12(6):  645-648. 

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AIM:To investigate the protective effect of insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1)on apoptosis in murine pancreatic β-cellsMIN6 induced by tert-butyl hydroperoxide(tBHP).METHODS: MIN6 cells were cultured and divided into four groups: control group, tBHP (25 μmol/L)group, IGF-1(100 ng/mL)group and IGF-1 +tBHP group. Cell damage was detected by AO-EB staining and TUNEL assay. The levels of nitric oxidewere measured by Griess assay.RESULTS:Induced cell apoptosis and increased NO production were observed when MIN6 cells treated with 25 μmol/L of tBHP for 1 h, When the cells were pretreated with 100 ng/mL IGF-1 for 24 h before tBHP exposured, cell apoptosis induced by tBHP was significantly inhibited and NO production was also decreased.CONCLUSION:The present study suggests that IGF-1 has protective effect on apoptosis in murine pancreatic β-cells MIN6 induced by tBHP. The mechanism of this effect is possibly attributed to IGF-1 reduces NO production which induced by tBHP.

Effect of fluvastatin on expression of apoptosis correlation factor and proliferation induced by lysophosphatidylcholine in human umbilical artery vascular smooth muscle cells

CHEN Po-jing, CAI Zhi-chun, LIMin, LI Jian-zhe, WANG Chen-jing, WU Jian-hua, FANG Yun-xiang

2007, 12(6):  649-654. 

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AIM:To observe effects of fluvastatin and lysophosphatidylcholine (LPC) on the proliferation and apoptosis of human umbilical artery vascular smooth muscle cells (HUASMC) and provide a new evidence to statins in clinical application regarding antiatherosclerotic action.METHODS:Proliferation in cultured VSMC, derived from HUASMC and treated with different doses of fluvastatin and LPC, was analyzed by means of MTT assay. Apoptosis of the cell was examined using dying Hoechst33258. Expression of Survivin and Fas were examined using immunocytochemistry and reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction method.RESULTS:(1) LPC (5mg/L) could increase index of proliferation significantly. Compared with LPC group, fluvastatin could decrease proliferation significantly. (2) Immunocytochemistry and reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction method revealed that the apoptosis process was associated with inhibition of Survivin and activation of Fas.CONCLUSION: Fluvastatin inhibits proliferation of HUASMC induced by LPC. Fluvastatin can induce apoptosis of HUASMC in connection with down-regulation of Survivin and up-regulation of Fas.

Effect of nonselective endothelin receptor antagonist on local angiotensin system of myocardial hypertrophy

PENG Xiong, REN Jiang-hua, CAO Mao-yin, WANG xun

2007, 12(6):  655-658. 

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AIM:To explore the effect and mechanism of endothelin receptor antagonist on local angiotensin system of hypertrophic myocardial tissue.METHODS: Twenty four rats were randomly divided into 3 groups, control group (CG), hypertrophy group (HG) and endothelin receptor antagonist group (EG). The ratios of left ventricle weight to body weight (LVW BW) and left ventricle weight to heart weight (LVW/HW) were measured to reflect myocardial hypertrophy. Protein expression of AT1 R was detected by immunohistochemistry. The concentration of Ang Ⅱ was determined by ria. Activity of ACE was examined by spectrophotometry. A piece of myocardial tissue was observed in light microscope after HE or VG dyeing.RESULTS:(1) In comparison to CG, LVW BW, LVW/HW, ACE activity, the concentration of Ang Ⅱ and the expression of AT₁R of HG were increased significantly (P<0. 05). (2) In EG, ACE activity, the concentration of Ang Ⅱ and the expression of AT₁R were reduced markedly compared with HG (P<0. 05), but ACE activity and the expression of AT₁R were still higher than those in CG (P<0. 05).CONCLUSION:Local angiotensin system is activated in myocardial hypertrophic tissue induced by ne, which leads to hypertrophy of myocardial cell and hyperplasy of collagen. Endothelin-1 probably participates in the activation, which could be inhibited partially by endothelin receptor antagonist, pd142893.

Protective effects of quercetin on nephrotoxicity induced by cyclosporine A in rats

WU Li-ping, LI Qi-xiong

2007, 12(6):  659-667. 

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AIM:To investigate the protective effects of quercetin on nephrotoxicity induced by cyclosporine A (CsA) in rats.METHODS:Male Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats were divided into four groups of seven rats each. Control group, quercetin (40 mg/kg) group, CsA (40mg/kg) group, CsA (40 mg/kg) plus quercetin (40 mg/kg) group. The all groups were administered once day respectively for 15 days. Twenty-four hour urines were collected at the 10th and 14th day respectively after administration to measure the content of urinary protein and urinary Nacetyl-β-D-glucosaminidase (NAG). The animals in all groups were sacrificed 4 h after the last administration. Blood samples were collected to measure serum creatinine (SCr), blood urea nitrogen (BUN). Kidneys were removed rapidly, excised and sectioned for histological analysis. Other kiney tissues were utilized for biochemical analysis.RESULTS: Quercetin prevented urinary protein, SCr, BUN, NAG, and kidneys histological alterations. Quercetin significantly decreased malondialdehyde (MDA) content while significantly increased glutathione (GSH) content and glutathione-S-transferase(GST), superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione peroxidase (GSHPx), catalase(CAT) activities of kidneys tissues in the rats treated with CsA.CONCLUSION:Quercetin can effectively attenuate the nephrotoxicity induced by CsA.

Initial study on anticancer effect of serum thymic factor

ZHANG Chang-ping, LE Jia-jing, LI Zhan-jun, XU Kang-sen

2007, 12(6):  668-671. 

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AIM:To study the inhibitory effect of serum thymic factor (FTS) on cancer cells.METHODS: Bearing cancer mice, rats were administrated with different dosages of FTS. Life extension rate and inhibitory rate were determined. Stimulation index (SI) and delayed hypersensitivity were observed, too.RESULTS:Life extension rate or inhibitory rate in mice exceeded 30% in 0. 25 mg/kg group and 0.13 mg/kg group, and those parameters in rats also exceeded 30% in FTS three groups. After Con-A stimulation, SI achieved maximum at 0. 016 mg/mL.Delayed hypersensitivity also showed positive results.CONCLUSION:FTS has significant inhibitory effect on the growth of EAC, H22 and W256 cancer cells.

Relationship between AchE activity in hippocampus and effect of ketamine on spatial learning and memory of early developing rats

WANG Hui, DAI Ze-ping, ZHU Mei-fang, YANG Ding-dong, WANG Hai

2007, 12(6):  672-675. 

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AIM:To investigate the relationship between the acetylcholinesterase (AchE) activity in hippocampus and the effect of ketamine on spatial learning and memory of the early developing rats.METHODS:Forty one-month old male SD rats were randomly divided into two groups with 20 rats each: ketamine group in which rats received intraperitoneal-ketamine 40 mg/kg and then 20 mg/kg every 15 min 3 times in total; control group (received normal saline 5mL). The two groups were further divided into 2 subgroups according to the time when Morris water maze (MWM) testing were started in the 1st week (C1, K1) or the 3rd week (C2, K2) after the injection. MWM testing was performed in the 1st week and the 3rd week after the injection. The hippocampus was dissected away from the brains, then the AchE activity was detected with the colorimetric method, and the changes in morphology were observed with HE.RESULTS:(1) For MWM: The latent period of group K1 was significantly longer than group C1 (P<0. 05 or P<0. 01), but there was no significant difference between group K2 and group C2. In the spatial probe test, the time across the original platform of group K1 was shorter than the group C1 (P<0. 05), but there was no significant difference between group K2 and group C2. (2) For AchE activity: the AchE activity of group K1 was significantly lower than group C1 (P<0. 05), but there was no significant difference between group K2 and group C2. (3) For HE assay: light microscopy showed no abnormal changes of hippocampal neurons in two groups.CONCLUSION: Ketamine administration impairs spatial learning andmemory in short time, and a decrease in AchE activity in hippocampus of the rats may have a link with the impairment. However, there is no impairment to learning and memory in long time.

Pharmacokinetics study of astragaloside Ⅳ by intravenous administration with intermittent blood sampling in intact rats

YU Jun-xian, CHANG Hebron C. , ZHANG Yin-di, SUN Shi, ZHAO Ren-zheng, HAN Jia-yuan, SHEN Jian-ping

2007, 12(6):  676-685. 

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AIM:To establish a sensitive method for quantitative determination of astragaloside Ⅳ (AGS-Ⅳ) in plasma and a preliminary evaluation of its pharmacokinetics parameters in intact rats.METHODS:A liquid chromatography-electrospray ionization-mass spectrometry (LC-ESI-MS)was applied for determining AGS-Ⅳ in plasma by using digoxin as the internal standard (I. S.). Six rats were given AGS-Ⅳ 2. 0 mg/kg by intravenous infusion for 5min. Blood samples were drawn intermittently with each intact rat from left femoral artery at 0. 025, 0. 05, 0.1, 0. 25, 0. 5, 1, 2, 4, 6, 10, 14 and 24 h after medication. The samples were prepared by solid phase extraction and analyzed through a triple quadrupole mass spectrometer equipped with an electrospary probe. The samples were monitored in selected ion recording (SIR)mode of positive ions by using target ions at m/z 807. 5 for AS-IV and at m/z 803. 5 for I. S.RESULTS: Calibration curves were linear over the ranges 1-1 000 ng/mL for AGS-Ⅳ (r =0. 9992).The intra-and interday assay variability values were less than 6% and 8%, respectively. Extraction recoveries from plasma were 92. 8% -98. 4% for AGS-Ⅳ and 80. 0% -90. 9% for digoxin, respectively. The lower limit of quantitation (LLOQ)for AGS-Ⅳ was 0. 5 ng/mL. The concentrationtime curves of AGS-Ⅳ for each rat were fitted to an open two-compartment model by CAPP program. The pharmacokinetics parameters of AGS-Ⅳ were as following: the elimination half-life (t_1/2β), clearance rate (CL), distribution volume at steady state (V_ss), and AUC_0-∞ were (3. 46 ±0. 52)h, (0. 47 ±0. 02)L/h, (0. 76 ±0.16) L/kg and (4. 27 ±0.19) μg·mL^-1·h, respectively.CONCLUSION:These results show that this method is satisfied for the measurements of pharmacokinetics study for AGS-Ⅳ.

Study on anti-osteoporosis bioactivity of 2, 3-dihydro-7-methoxy-4h^-1-benzopyran-4-isoniazonum in vitro

WANG Jie-pin, SHANG Fu-jun, XIONG Xiao-yun, LIU Li, HOU Jin, MEI Qi-bing

2007, 12(6):  686-689. 

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AIM:From early studies an anti-osteoporosis compound I (2, 3-dihydro-7-methoxy-4h^-1-benzopyran-4-isoniazonum) was screened and here to discuss its bioactivity in vitro.METHODS: Compared with estrodiol (E₂), the cell proliferation, alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity and osteocalcin (OCN) secretion as indexes to determine the effects of this compound on proliferation and differentiation of osteoblast cell line MC3T3-E1.RESULTS:The best dose of compound I was 10^-6 mol/L. At this concentration, compound I could significantly increase the number of osteoblast cells, elevate ALP activity and OCN secretion (125. 73%, 108. 49% 109. 00% vs control, P<0. 05). All these effects could be blocked by introducing of the antieatrogen tamoxifen.CONCLUSION:Compound I has the ability in treating osteoporosis, whose mechanism maybe relate to estrogen agonist.

Mathematical models and evaluations in study of medical measuring scale

LV Ying-hua, ZHENG Qing-shan

2007, 12(6):  690-696. 

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A scale development involves in the determination of weight factor, the evaluation of reliability, validity, responsibility to change, and the comparison of new standard and gold standard. Many methods were set up in certain limited condition, and this paper will discuss some common mathematical models used in those methods.

Causality assessment of signal adverse drug reaction

HUANG Yu-Hong, ZHANG Bo-Li

2007, 12(6):  697-699. 

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To introduce a method to analyze drug reaction (ADR) that considers the causality between drug and ADR, the relation between drug and clinical pathology change and the related degree of the drug and ADR.

Effects of CYP2C19 gene polymorphism on plasma concentration of valproic acid in patients with epilepsy

YU Jie, SHAO Hong, NIE Xiao-yan, GUO Jin-feng, ZHOU Ying, CUI Yi-min, SHI Lu-wen

2007, 12(6):  700-704. 

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AIM: To determine the effect of CYP2C19 gene polymorphism on plasma concentration at steady state (C_ss) of valproic acid (VPA) in patients with epilepsy.METHODS: CYP2C19 variants (*2 and * 3) in 99 patients were detected using PCR-RFLP method, and 88 of them were further studied to determine the relationship between CYP2C19 polymorphism and plasma concentration of VPA.RESULTS:Studying on the *2 and *3, we found that there were five genotypes of CYP2C19 gene in these subjects, and that their frequencies were: 37. 4% for 681GG-636GG, 42. 4% for 681GA-636GG, 6. 1% for 681GG-636GA, 9. 1% for 681AA-636GG and 5. 1% for 681GA-636GA. The ratio of VPA plasma concentration to dosage was significantly higher in poor metabolizer (681AA-636GG) than in extensive metabolizer (681GG-636GG).CONCLUSION: The data suggest that CYP2C19 polymorphism significantly impacts the metabolism of VPA. The pharmacogenomics is important to rationalize the medication of VPA.

Simulation of clinical trials: concepts and basic principles

ZHENG Dan, ZHU Ling, SHI Xin-ling, ZHANG Yu-feng

2007, 12(6):  705-709. 

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This paper reviewed the development, design and applications of clinical trial simulation (CTS).It introduced the clinical trial simulation from the view of the pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics. Then the general techniques, computer models and simulation software used for CTS were analyzed. Finally, some applications of clinical trial simulation were discussed.

Pharmacokinetics of levofloxacin hydrochloride soft capsules, hard capsules and tablets in Chinese healthy volunteers

CHU Ji-hong, JU Wen-zheng, XU Mei-juan, WU Ting, WEI Xi, TAN Heng-shan, JIANG Meng, XIONG Ning-ning

2007, 12(6):  710-713. 

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AIM:To establish a HPLC method for the determination of levofloxacin in plasma and to investigate the pharmacokinetics of levofloxacin hydrochloride soft capsules, hard capsules and tablets in Chinese healthy volunteers.METHODS:20 male healthy subjects were received a single oral dose of 200 mg/Levofloxacin. The concentrations of levofloxacin in plasma were determined by HPLC.RESULTS: The linear range of levofloxacin was between 0. 041 mg/L and 5. 18 mg/L. The inter-day and intra-day RSD were less than 5% .The main pharmacokinetic parameters of levofloxacin soft capsule were as follows: t_max: (0. 8 ±0. 3) h, C_max: (2. 8 ± 0. 9) mg/L, AUC0-30: (14. 7 ± 1. 8) mg·L^-1 ·h, AUC_0-∞: (15. 4 ±1. 9) mg·L^-1·h, t_1/2: (6. 9 ±0. 4) h. There were no statistically significant differences among the main pharmacokinetic parameters of levofloxacin hydrochloide soft capsule hard capsule and tablet.CONCLUSION:The main pharmacokinetic parameters of levofloxacin hydrochloride soft capsules were similar to those of hard capsule and tablet.

Effect of Xuezhikang on LDL subfractions in hyperlipemia patients

PAN Xiao-dong, WANG Lu-ya, LIU Shu, DU Lan-ping

2007, 12(6):  714-717. 

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AIM:To investigate the effect of Xuezhikang on blood plasm LDL subfractio in hyperlipemia patients and to assess effects of lipid-lowering therapy of Xuezhikang.METHODS:50 hyperlipemia patients as treatment group, and 20 normal persons as control group took part in the experiments. The patients took 1. 2 g Xuezhikang orally everyday for 6 weeks. The serum TC, TG and H-C of patients and normal control were detected by enzyme methods; LDL subfraction were separated by 2% -16% non-denaturing polyacryamide gel electrophoresis. The LDL subfractions distributions were analyzed by the measurement of the area under the band of the scanned gel. Various indexes were measured before and after lipid-lowering therapy, and were contrasted with those in control group.RESULTS:Compared with that in control group the small dense LDL(sLDL) in treatment group was obviously elevated. After lipid-lowering therapy, the levels of sLDL were obviously decreased (P<0. 05).CONCLUSION:Xuezhikang of lipid-lowering therapy can decrease the distribution levels of sLDL and sLDL-C.

Adverse drug reaction reports in our hospital: survey of 202 cases

ZHANG Fan

2007, 12(6):  718-720. 

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AIM:To improve the rational drug use in clinic by discussing characteristics and related factors on adverse drug reactions (ADR) in our hospital.METHODS: Analyze the statistics of 202 ADR reports collected from the records of the returned drugs in outpatient pharmacies.RESULTS:Among 202 cases of ADR, the number of that ADR caused by intravenous injection was the largest which is 75. 74% of the total number of cases (153 cases); ADR caused by infective drugs was the commonest, as 76. 23% of the total number of cases (154 cases). Chinese medicines accounted for 10. 89% of the total number of cases (22 cases). Main performances of ADR were injuries on skin and organ annexes, it was 47. 52% of the total number of cases (96 cases). Follow that, the second most severe injury was on the digestive system, there were 7 more serious ADR (3. 47% ) in statistics.CONCLUSION:The monitoring on ADR should be paid more attention to. It is also necessary to strengthen the management of anti-infective drugs' use and focus on monitoring it to reduce the number of ADR among patients.