Chinese Journal of Clinical Pharmacology and Therapeutics

Influences of nimodipine on human colonic carcinoma HCT cells proliferation and its mechanism

CAO Qi-Zhen, TAN Huan-Ran

2003, 8(2): 121-124.

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AIM: To investigate the influences of nimodipine on HCT cells proliferation and explore the mechanism. METHODS: HCT cells were treated with different concentrations of nimodipine, and its proliferation was inspected by MTT assay.The apex areas of sub-diploid were measured by Flow Cytometry and the DNA ladder were found by agarose gel electrophoresis.The characteristic changes in morphology were observed under the light microscopy.The cellular distribution and concentration of calcium were studied by using the laser confocus scanning microscopy. RESULTS: The growth of HCT cells was inhibited by different concentrations of nimodipine.Data from Flow Cytometry showed the apex areas of sub-diploid enlarge in the drug-treating group, suggesting that the number of apoptosis cells increased in dose-dependent manner.Gel electrophoresis displayed DNA cleavage pattern typical of apoptosis:DNA ladder in high-dose nimodipine- treated HCT cells.The light microscopy presented cellular morphological changes:cell membrane blebs, the cytoplasm and nuclear chromatin condensation.The concentration of cytosolic free calcium increased when treated with nimodipine showed by the laser confocus scanning microscopy. CONCLUSION: Nimodipine can cause inhibition of the cell proliferation of HCT cells.The mechanism of inhibition might involve the cell apoptosis.

Effects of curcumin on the extracellular matrix of aorta in cardiac overloaded rats¹

YE Min-Li, LI Qing-Ping

2003, 8(2): 125-128.

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AIM: To study the effect of curcumin onthe extracellular matrix of aorta in cardiac overloadedrats. METHODS: Cardiac overloaded model was madeby partial click of the abdominal aorta in Sprague-Dawleyrats.Curcmin, 100mg·kg-1·d-1 for 3 weeks, was givenby po 1 week after the click operation.The ratio of aortawet weight to body weight was calculated;the collagencontent was measured with Woessner's method and theactivity of matrix metallproteinase-2 was analyzed with zymography. RESULTS: In cardiac overloaded rats, thewet weight and collagen content of aorta was increased,and the activity of matrix metallproteinse-2 of aorta wasdecreased.Compared with the cardiac overloaded ratswithout any drugs, the increased weight and collagen contentof aorta was reversed, but the activity of matrix metallproteinse-2 of aorta was seldom changed in curcumintreatedrats. CONCLUSION: Curcumin can reverse thehypertrophy of aorta of cardiac overloaded rats mainly bymeans of inhibiting the synthesis of collagen.

Effects of propofol on plasma membrane fluidity in PC12 cells and liposome¹

ZHANG Jin-Rong, LIN Cai-Zhu, YANG Xi-Xin, LU Kai-Rong, Sheng Guo-Qing, Dai Ti-Jun

2003, 8(2): 129-132.

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AIM: To study the effects of propofol on plasma membrane fluidity in PC12 cells and liposome, and its relevant mechanism. METHODS: Fluorescence depolarization method was used to measure values of fluorescence anisotropy, fluorescence polarization as well as microviscosity in PC12 cells and microviscosity in liposome continuously for 30 min. RESULTS: Propofol induced a significant decrease of fluorescence anisotropy, fluorescence polarization as well as microviscosity in PC12 cells, particularly in the first 5 min.After 5 min, the values of anisotropy were remained lower levels.Although propofol at concentration of 1 mg·L ^-1 had no effects on microviscosity in liposome, porpofol at concentration of 10 mg · L ^-1 and 100 mg·L ^-1 significantly decreased microviscosity in liposome. CONCLUTION: Propofol can significantly increase membrane fluidity in PC12 cells and liposome in a concertration-dependent manner, and the anesthetic effect of propofol may be resulted from changes of membrane fluidity and structure of neurocyte.

Efficacy of fluoxetine in treatment of patients with the obstructive sleep apnea-hypopnea syndrome

LI Yu-Zhu, LIU You-Ning, HAO Feng-Ying

2003, 8(2): 133-135.

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AIM: To evaluate the response of obstructive sleep apnea-hypopnea syndrome (OSAHS) to fluoxetine.METHODS: After a baseline polysomnography (PSG) and Epworth Sleepiness Scale (ESS) documented OSAHS, 10 patients were treated with fluoxetine (20 mg· d ^-1) for four weeks, a repeating PSG and ESS was performed to evaluate the action of fluoxetine.RESULTS: After 4 weeks fluoxetine treatment, the proportion of REM sleep time was decreased by 9.2%, and the assessment of ESS was significantly decreased (P <0.01).The differences in sleep latency were not statistically significance (P >0.05).The apnea hypopnea index (AHI) fell in average 24.84 per hour, the mean SaO2 and minimum SaO2 significantly increased by 3.2% and 16.6%, respectively, and desaturation event index significantly decreased 18.24 per hour (P <0.01).The mean duration of apnea had no statistically significant differences (P > 0.05).The treatment efficiency of fluoxetine to OSAHS was 50%.CONCLUSION: Short-term use of fluoxetine in patients with OSAHS is associated with better sleep quality, improvement in oxygenation, and reduction of episodic apneas or hypopneas.

Pharmacokinetics of cyclosporin A coadministrated with berberine in Chinese healthy volunteers1

WU Xiao-Chun, ZHONG Ming-Yuan, XIN Hua-Wen, LI Qing, YU Ai-Rong, ZHOU Qiu-Xiang

2003, 8(2): 136-138.

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AIM: To study the pharmacokinetics of cyclosporin A (CsA) with or without combination of berberine chloride (Ber) in healthy volunteers. METHODS: After taking CsA of a single dosage of 6 mg·kg ^-1, 6 healthy male volunteers were administrated with Ber at 300 mg twice daily for 13 days and on day 15 took CsA of a single dosage at 6 mg·kg ^-1 again.The blood concentrations of CsA before and after coadministration with Ber were determined by fluorescence polarization immunoassay (FPIA) and the pharmacokinetic parameters were calculated by 3p87 program. RESULTS: The main pharmacokinetic parameters of CsA before and after coadministration of Ber were as follow:K a were 0.913 ±0.30 h ^-1 and 1.092 ±0.348 h ^-1;T1 2β were 6.18 ±0.94 h and 6.86 ±1.27 h;AUC_{0 -24}were 11.0 ±1.6mg·h·L ^-1 and 10.6 ±1.6 mg·h ^-1 ·L ^-1;CL(s) were 34.3 ±6.7 L· h ^-1 and 36.6 ±9.3 L·h ^-1;C_max were 1.8 ±0.4 mg· L ^-1 and 1.9 ±0.4 mg·L ^-1, respectively.Both values of T_peak were 1.5 ±0.55 h; CONCLUSION: The pharmacokinetic parameters of CsA before and after coadministration with Ber have no significant differences in healthy volunteers.Therefore, the action site of Ber influencing CsA is supposed to lie in intestines.

Relation between activation of hippocampal astrocytes and ischemic tolerance induced by 3-nitropropionic acid in gerbils¹

ZHU Hong-Can, SUN Sheng-Gang, LI Hong-Ge

2003, 8(2): 139-142.

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AIM: To investigate the relationship between astroglial activation state and ischemic tolerance induced by low dose of 3-nitropropionic acid (3-NPA) in gerbil hippocampus. METHODS: Transient forebrain ischemic model was induced by bilateral common carotid arteries occlution.HE staining and immunohistochemistry were used to identify neuronal and astrocyte response. RESULTS: Preconditioning with 3-NPA produced protective effects of CA1neurons.The number of glial fibrillary acidic protein positive astrocyte in hippocampal CA₁ region increased slightly in control group, but increased significantly in preconditioning of the brain with 3-nitropropionic acid. CONCLUSION: The state of astroglial activation is related to neuronal survival in ischemic tolerance induced by low dose of 3-nitropropionic acid.

Analysis of factors influencing mannitol to induce blood-brain-barrier opening

SHI Xiao-Yan, WU Yong-Jie

2003, 8(2): 143-145.

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AIM: To study factors influencing mannitol to induce blood-brain barrieropening. METHODS: By constant flow pump, mannitol with different concentrationwas infused into left internal carotid artery of adult Wistar rats via their left external carotid artery at different speed, time.Firstly, after mannitol with a concentration of25%was transfused, the optimal open time of BBB was investigated using Evans blue as an indicator by injection at different time.Then influences of concentration of mannitol, speed of infusion, change of time on mannitol to induce BBB opening were studied. Finally, death rate was counted according to sex, body weight in order to observe the influence of sex, body weight on tolerance of rats. RESULTS: The open degree of BBB was optimal after2min when3.6ml mannitol with a concentration of25%was infused in30s at a speed of0.12ml·s,.However, mannitol with a concentration of20% did not almost have any effect on opening of BBB.Slowing of infusion speed or shortening of infusion time of mannitol reduced opening degree of BBB.Body weight affected rat tolerance to mannitol, the tolerance of the rat was higher in those with higher weight. CONCLUSION: The factors influencing mannitol to induce BBB opening are as follows:concentration, infusion speed, keeping time of mannitol.And the tolerance to mannitol is not concerned with the sex of the rats, but the body weight of the rats

Inhibitory actions of propylene glycol mannate sulfate on action potentials and contraction of papillary muscles in guinea pigs

DUAN Dong-Xiao, ZHU Hong-Can, TANG Shu-Ben, YAO Yun-Wei

2003, 8(2): 146-148.

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AIM: To examine the effects of propylene glycol mannate sulfate (PGMS)on the action potentials and contractile force in guinea pig papillary muscles. METHODS: An intracellular microelectrode was used to record fast (FAP)and slow (SAP) action potentials. RESULTS: PGMS concentration-dependently decreased the contractile force and the action potential duration (APD) of FAP without affecting the resting potential (RP), action potential amplitude (APA), and maximal upstroke velocity (V_max).The V_max, APA, and APD of BaCl₂-induced SAP were concentration-dependently decreased by PGMS and the effects were antagonized by isoprenaline.The APA and APD of isoprenaline-induced SAP were decreased by PGMS in a concentration-dependent manner and the effects were attenuated by elevation of intracellular Ca²⁺ concentration. CONCLUSLON: PGMS selectively inhibits the slow inward current.

Effects of transmyocardial laser revascularization combined with basic fibroblast growth factor on myocardial viability and cardiac function in dog models with acute myocardial ischemia¹

XIE Ming-Ming, WANG Xin-Fang, ZHU Xiang-Ming, YANG Ya, LU Qing, CHEN Li-Xin, NIE Shao-Ping, JIANG Jue-Quan, CAO Lin-Shen

2003, 8(2): 149-154.

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AIM: To assess the effects of transmyocardial laser revascularization (TMLR) combined with basic fibroblast growth factor-fibrin glue (bFGF-FG) on the myocardial viability and the cardiac regional and global function in dog models with acute myocardial ischemia (AMI). METHODS: Eighteen crossbred dogs were randomized to three groups.(AMI, TMLR and bFGF-FG groups).The occlusion of the left anterior descending artery (LAD) of all animals was created in order to develop acute ischemic myocardium models.TMLR procedure was carried out 30minutes after coronary ligation in both TMLR and bFGF-FG groups, and afterward bFGF-FG was planted in laser channels in bFGF-FG group.15 dogs underwent conventional and pulsed Doppler tissue imaging dobutamine stress echocardiography two months after LAD occlusion (other 3 dogs for each group died 42, 56 and 60 days after operation, respectively). RESULTS: There was no difference in the diameter of left atrium and ventricle among three groups (P >0.05).The regional and globe function parameters of the left ventricle improved in the TMLR and bFGF-FG groups gradually by turns, compared to the AMI group, of which there were significant differences in some variables among three groups (P <0.05 or P <0.01).In AMI group, the parameters above worsened during dobutamine infusion, of which some changed significantly (P <0.05 or P < 0.01).In TMLR group, the parameters improved during dobutamine infusion in 5 μg·kg^-1·min^-1, of which some changed significantly (P <0.05 or P <0.01), while they changed in reverse direction during dobutamine infusion in 10 μg·kg^-1·min^-1.In bFGF-FG group, the parameters improved during dobutamine infusion in 5 μg · kg^-1 ·min^-1, of which some changed significantly (P < 0.05 or P <0.01).There were no significant differences in all variables above during dobutamine infusion in 10 μg ·kg^-1·min^-1in comparison with in 5 μg·kg^-1·min^-1(P >0.05). CONCLUSION: TMLR can improve the perfusion of acute ischemic myocardium, and TMLR combined with bFGF-FG can enhance improvement of myocardial perfusion to maintain the viability of ischemic myocardium and prevent the cardiac regional and global function from advancing impairment in acute myocardial ischemia.

Morphine suppresses proinflammatory cytokine production in human whole blood in vitro¹

RAO Yan, WANG Yan-Lin, DUAN Jun-Min

2003, 8(2): 155-157.

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AIM: To study the effects of morphine on tumor necrosis factor-α(TNF-α) and interleukin-6 (IL-6) production in human whole blood and the possible mechanism. METHODS: The seven human whole blood samples were collected, and each was aliquoted in six tubes. A total of 100 μl of whole blood was added with morphine sulfate (200 mg·L ^-1and 2 mg·L ^-1).Then lipopolysaccharide (LPS) (100 μg·L^-1) was added to the blood and incubated for 6 h at 37 ℃.Each whole blood was divided into six groups:drug-alone groups (groupA₁, morphine 200 mg·L ^-1;group A2, morphine 2 mg·L ^-1), activation groups (group B₁, morphine 200 mg·L ^-1 +LPS; group B₂, morphine 2 mg·L ^-1 +LPS), control group (group C₁), and LPS group (group C₂).The concentrations of TNF-αand IL-6 in plasma were measured by ELISA. RESULTS: The values of TNF-αproduction in group A₁, A₂ and C₁ were 240, 251, and 279 ng·L ^-1 (P >0.05), respectively;the values of IL-6 were 444, 490, and 561 ng·L ^-1 (P >0.05), respectively.The cytokine production in groupB₁, B₂ and C₂ were 490, 534 and 1226 ng·L ^-1(TNF-α), respectively;1177, 1310 and 1563 ng·L^-1(IL-6), respectively.The levels in group B₁ and B₂ were less than that in group C₂ (P < 0.01, or P <0.05), and the level in B1 was less than that in B₂. CONCLUSION: Morphine alone has no effects on TNF-αand IL-6 production, but attenuates LPSinduced TNF-αand IL-6 production, and the high dose of morphine-induced effects on attenuation of TNF-αand IL- 6 production increased are more than the low dose.

Time-dose effects of carbon tetrachloride on liver damnification in rats¹

ZOU Li-Yi, WU Tie, CUI Liao

2003, 8(2): 158-162.

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AIM: To study the time-dose effects of liver damnification induced by CCl₄ in rats. METHODS: The SD rats were given sc injection 60% CCl4 twice a week to induced liver damage.After the first week, one proportion animals were killed.The contents of serum alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartic acid aminotransferase (ALT), hyaluronic Acid (HA), total protein (TP) and albumin (Alb) were investigated, and the thymus, liver, spleen, kidney, and the adrend gland were weighed.On the other hand, the liver tissue was studied with histopathological to observe the degrees of inflammatory activity and fibrous hyperplasia.In the coming the third, fifth, seventh, ninth week, the different proportion animals were done as the above. RESULTS: In the first week, the level of serum ALT were significantly increased;in the third week, the hepatic cells were occurred fattiness denaturalization;in the fifth week, the histopathological showed the necrotic hepatic cells obviously;in the seventh week, the histopathological displayed that the liver turned into fibrotic;and in the ninth week, the liver changed into hepaticfibrosis induced by CCl₄. CONCLUSION: The injection (sc) of 60%CCl₄ will cause diverse hepatic injury with the dissimilar durative time in rats.

Study on elimination pharmacokinetics for two enantiomers of metoprolo in enzyme kinetics¹

DING Yong, LI Rong, SHEN Jian-Ping, ZHANG Yin-Di

2003, 8(2): 163-166.

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AIM: To establish a new method for parameter estimation in enzyme kinetics by AUC, and then to analyze the metabolism of two enantiomers of metoprolo (Met) in rat liver by the method. METHODS: The formula was derived by mathematical method.In the slices incubation technique the concentration was determined for two enantiomers of Met on three different dose (5, 10, and 30 μmol·L ^-1), their enzyme kinetic parameters was estimated by the method obtained in this paper. RESULTS: The values of AUC differed significantly (P < 0.01) for two enantiomers of Met on three different doses, The values of v_m and k_m were 5.7471 and 6.7724 μmol·L ^-1 for R-(+) -Met, respectively, and 6.430 and 18.3404 μmol·L ^-1 for S-(-)-Met. CONCLUSION: Enzyme kinetic model is suitable for the study on liver metabolism of drug.Elimination pharmacokinetics is differed significantly for two enantiomers of Met in rat liver slices, and the metabolism was stereoselective.

Protection effects of the total flavone from abelmoschus maniho L medic on acute incompletely cerebral ischemia in rats¹

GAO Shan, FAN Li, DONG Liu-Yi, CEN De-Yi, JIANG Qin, FANG Ming, CHEN Zhi-Wu

2003, 8(2): 167-169.

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AIM: To investigate the protection effect of the total flavone from abelmoschus maniho L medic (TFA) on acute incompletely cerebral ischemia in rats. METHODS: The percentage of cerebral tissue waterbearing, permeability of cerebral vessel (OD tite), and pathology changes of cerebrum tissue were detected before and after the treatment of TFA.Ginkgo biloba extract, NS and sham operation were set as controls. RESULTS: In the acute incomplete cerebral ischemia models, TFA (50、 100mg ·kg ^-1, ig) could obviously reduce the water in the cerebrum in rats, and improve the pathology changes of cerebrum tissue in comparison with NS group. CONCLUSION: TFA shows a protective role on incomplete cerebral ischemia injury in rats.

Protective effects as ischemic preconditioning of sasanquasaponin mediated by KATP channel in the intact rat hearts¹

HUANG Qi-Ren, Cao Shou-Yi, HE Ming, LI Ping, PENG Wei-Jie

2003, 8(2): 170-172.

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AIM: To study protective effects as myocardial ischemic preconditioning of sasanquasaponin (SQS) and its relationship with KATP channel. METHODS: The study adopted the model of myocardial ischemic injury induced by subcutaneous injection of isoproterenol (ISO) in rats, administering specific KATP channel blocker gliberclamide (GLI 5 mg·kg ^-1).Four groups were set as NS group, I/R group, SQS group (0.2 mg·kg ^-1), and GLI group (5 mg·kg ^-1).Prior to injection of ISO, all agents were intraveneously injected into rats for 3 days, one time per day.Subsequently, ISO was subcutaneuously injected into rats by the ways of many different sites, and some indices were measured including ECG, serum creatine kinase (CK) activity, free fatty acid (FFA), and adenosine contents in rats. RESULTS: Preconditioningly intravenous injection of SQS could effectively protect myocardium from ischemic injury induced by ISO.With GLI injected prior to SQS, the cardioprotective effects of SQS were significantly attenuated. CONCLUSION: SQS can protect myocardium from ischemic injury induced by ISO, and the protection may be mediated by KATP channel.

Protective effects of procyanidin on myocardial ischemia reperfusion injury in rats

WANG Chen-Jing, GAO Ming-Tang, Shi Xiao-Yan, WU Yong-Jie, LI Wen-Guang

2003, 8(2): 173-176.

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AIM: To inverstigate the protective effects of procyanidin on myocardial ischemia reperfusion injury in rats. METHODS: Myocardial ischemia reperfusion injury models were established by the ligation of left desending coronary artery for 40 min and referfusion for 120 min in rats, and the influence of procyanidin on enzymes of myocardial, myocardial infarction size and lipid peroxide were observed. RESULTS: Procyanidin decreased myocardial creatine phosphokinase (CPK) and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH)release significantly diminished myocardial infarction size, raised the activity of superoxide dismutase (SOD), reduced malondialdehyde (MDA)content in myocardial and serum in comparison with the control. CONCLUSION: Procyanidin has a protective effect on myocardial ischemia reperfusion injury.The action is related to the inhibition of the free radical and subsequent lipid peroxidation.

Relationship between metabolism of clozapine in the body and polymorphisms of the locus cytochrome P450 1A2-2964¹

TENG Jian-Rong, ZHANG Shun-Quan, CHEN Yue-Ming, ZHANG Hong-He, YANG Zhong-Guo, ZHAO Zhi-Yin

2003, 8(2): 176-179.

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AIM: To approach the relationship between the metabolism of clozapine in the body of patients with schizophrenia and polymorphisms of -2964 locus in cytochrome P450 1A2 (CYP1A2) for the reasonable use of clozapine. METHODS: A fixed dose administration was applied, HPLC was used for determining drug concentration in blood, and the restriction fragment length polymorphisms (RFLPs) was used for analyzing genotype of CYP1A2. RESULTS: Compared with non-smoking group, the clozapine concentration in plasma of smoking group was lower, while the ratio of desmethylclozapine and clozapine was higher in smoking group (P <0.05 and P <0.01, respectively).The frequency of the allele G in the locus -2964 of CYP1A2 was 0.75, and the frequency of the allele A was 0.25.There was no significant difference between w/w genotype and non-w/w genotype (w/m +m/m) for desmethylclozapine/clozapine in nonsmoking patients (P >0.05), but desmethylclozapine/clozapine of w/w genotype was higher than that of non w/w genotype in smoking patients(P <0.05).Compared with w/w genotype of non-smoking patients, desmethylclozapine/clozapine of w/w genotype of smoking patients was significantly higher (P <0.01), but there was no significant difference for non w/w genotype (P >0.05). CONCLUSION: Smoking can induce the activity of CYP1A2. The inducing ability of the allele locus of CYP1A2 -2964 is stronger at both of G (w/w), and it decreased at G ※A mutation.The polymorphism of CYP1A2 G-2964A is significant to the reasonable use of clozapine in the patients with schizophrenia.

Determination of nifedipine in plasma by reversed phase high-performance liquid chromatography

ZHOU Mao-Jin, JIAO Jian-Jie, DONG Wei-Lin, MENG-Lin, GAO Wei-Zhen, ZHENG-Yao, LIU Yan-Xia, ZHANG Cai-Li, LOU Jian-Shi

2003, 8(2): 180-182.

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AIM: To develop a HPLC method for the determination of nifedipine in plasma. METHODS: Nitrendipine was used as the internal standard and 1.0 ml lasma was extracted by n-hexane-ethylacetate (3 ∶1)in a two-step extraction.The organic layer was transferred to another tube and evaporated to dryness under a stream of nitrogen gas at 55 ℃.The residue was reconstituted with the mobile phase. RESULTS: the linearity was obtained from 5 to 200 μg·L^-1 of nifedipine in plasma with a good correlation (r=0.9999, n=6).The recoveries of nifedipine were 90.13% to 99.43%, and the coefficients of variation of within-day and between-days were 1.43% to 6.61% and 3.85% to 8.79%, and the average absolute recoveries of nifedipine and internal standard were 90.58% and 91.59% for the low, middle and high concentration of check samples, respectively.Endogenous substance did not interfere in the analysis. CONCLUSION:~This method is sensitive, specific and simple and suited for the nifedipine pharmacokinetic study.

Pharmacokinetics of salvia miltiorrhiza injection in rats¹

WANG Juan, MA Zhang-Qing, SONG Jian-Guo

2003, 8(2): 183-185.

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AIM: To investigate pharmacokinetics of salvia miltiorrhiza injection in rats.METHODS: A dose of salvia miltiorrhiza injection (standardized as Dhpl 40 mg·kg ^-1, iv) was given in rats and plasma Dhpl concentrations were determined by a HPLC method.The 3p87 software was used to calculate the pharmacokinetic parameters of Dhpl.RESULTS: The main parameters were as follows:T_{1 2α}=0.29 ±0.23 h, T_{1 2β}=1.75 ±0.99 h, V_d=0.83 ±0.70 L·kg ^-1, Cl=0.33 ±0.16 L·h ^-1 · kg ^-1, and AUC_(0-inf)=149 ±66mg·h·L ^-1.CONCLUSION: Data of the blood concentration-time of salvia miltiorrhiza injection can be fitted to a two-compartment open model.

Effect of intrathoracic injection sodium hyaluronic acid on prevention of pleural thickening in patients with excess fluid of tuberculous thoracic cavity

ZhOU Ai-Lian, GUO Lan-Ping, TANG Liang-Chun

2003, 8(2): 186-188.

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AIM: To evaluate the effect of hyaluronate based gel (HAbg) in prevention of pleural thickening and adhesion in patients with tuberculous pleural effusions. METHODS: 52 patients with middle amount of tuberculous thoracic fluid accumulated, fluid bound, and pleura thickened more than 2 mm were divided into two groups at random.The patients of two groups were all given standard treatments with anti-tuberculous drugs.HAbg was injected into intra-thoracic cavity in treatment group (27 patients), while saline (NS) was introduced into intra- thoracic cavity in control group (25 patients).Before and after HAbg injection, thoracic fluid routine and protein quantification were tested respectively.Pulmonary functions were measured after 2 weeks and 3 months of thoracic fluid absorption. RESULTS: Patients treated with HAbg showed significantly thinner pleura, lower proteins and white blood cell count in thoracic fluid, and higher FEV1% and FVC% for their pulmonary function in comparison with the control group. CONCLUSION: Intrathoracic injection of HAbg can prevent pleural thickening and improve the lung function in patients with excess fluid of tuberculous thoracic cavity.

Effectiveness and safety of actarit in the treatment of patients with active rheumatoid arthritis

LI Xiao-Mei, LI Xiang-Pei, WANG Guo-Sheng, SHAN Shu-Guang, QIAN Long

2003, 8(2): 189-191.

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AIM: To compare the effectiveness and safety of actarit (ACT) versus methotrexate (MTX) in patients with active rheumatoid arthritis (RA). METHODS: 75 RA patients randomly assigned to receive ACT (n=45) or MTX (n=30).The patients in the ACT group received ACT 300 mg·d -1 and in the MTX group receivedMTX 10mg per week.The total courses were 12 weeks. RESULTS: The total effective rates of the ACT group and the MTX group were 73.3%and 83.3% at 12 weeks, respectively.There was no statistical significance between the two groups in the effectiveness (P >0.05). The adverse reaction rate was 4.4%(2 case) in the ACT group and 10%(7cases) inMTX group.The adverse reactions were more tolerable in ATC group than that in MTX group (P <0.05). CONCLUSION: ATC is an effective and more safe drug for patients with active rheumatoid arthritis.

Clinical observation of phenytoin zinc in the treatment of patients with burns

PU Qi-Song, LI Bao-Guo, ZHANG Xiang, CHEN Fa-Guo

2003, 8(2): 192-194.

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AIM: To observe the effect of phenytoin zinc in treatment of patients with burns. METHODS: Phentyoin zinc (PZ)was compared with sulfadiazine silver(SS)in the treatment of burns.Nineteen patients with second degree burns were enrolled.Ten were in PZ group and nine in SS group, and the drugs were made in a formula of 25% vaseline ointment spread on the wound surface of burns.During the period of treatment, the bacterial burn-surface was cultured weekly. Pain, swollen, exudation, inflammation, scab, and healing time of the wounds were observed as well as histological examination. RESULTS: In PZ group, exudation was decreased and rapid elimination of wound pain (P <0.05)compared to SS group.Bacterial burn-surface culture became negative one week after treatment accounted for 30% in PZ group. There were 16.1 ±2.8 d of healing time of the wounds in PZ group.PZ promoted the granulation tissue proliferation. CONCLUSION: PZ has much better than, at least the equivalent effect, SS in the treatment of patients with burns.

Evaluation of radiofrequency catheter ablation in treatment of patients with atrioventricular reentry tachycardia

HAN Jin-Wang, YANG Hao, CAO Heng, WANG An-Cai, YU Guo-Hua, RUI Shi-Bao, HUANG Jia-Sheng

2003, 8(2): 195-197.

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AIM: To summarize the experience of radiofrequencycatheter ablation (RFCA) in patients withatrioventricular reentry tachycardia. METHODS: Theatrioventricular accessory pathway was blocked by RFCAin 45 patients with atrioventricular reentry tachycardia:manifest accessory pathways (25 cases) and recessivenessacessory pathways (20 cases). RESULTS: The totalsuccess rates of RFCA was 97.8%.During follow-up periodof 1 to 20 months, the recurrence of atrioventricularreentry tachycardia (left-sided accessory pathway) of 1case was abolished by a second ablation.The recurrencerate was 2.2%.No complications occurred. CONCLUSION: Accurate target site mapping and skillful catheteroperation is the key of success for RFCA.

Clinical evaluation of lamivudine in treatment of patients with chronic hepatitis B and asymptomatic carriers

LI Wen-Li

2003, 8(2): 198-200.

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AIM: To study the curative effects of lamivudine in treatment of patients with chronic hepatitis B and asymptomatic carriers (AsC). METHODS: 92 cases with chronic hepatitis B and AsC were divided into treatment group (n=50) and control group (n=42).50 cases in the treatment group received lamivudine 100 mg diary for 52 wk.Before and after the treatment, liver function, HbsAg, anti-HBs, HbeAg, anti-Hbe, anti- HBc, and HBV-DNA were tested. RESULTS: After 12 wk, ALT normalization rate had no difference in two groups (87.2% vs 75.0%, P >0.05), and the negative transforming rate of HBV-DNA in treatment group was much higher than that in control group (82.0% vs 0, P <0.01).After 52 wk, the ALT normalization rate and negative transforming rate of HBV-DNA in treatment group were 79.4% and 74.0%, respectively, which were much higher than those 46.9% and 7.1% (P <0.05) in control group. CONCLUSION: Lamivudine may effectively control the reproduction of hepatitis B virus and is an effective agent in treatment of chronic hepatitis B.

Efficacy of Xiaoer-qingre-ning combined with Xiaoer-shuxiao-ganmao-ling in the treatment of children acute respiratory infection

HU Guo-Hua

2003, 8(2): 201-203.

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AIM: To study the efficacy of Xiaoerqingre- ning (XQN) combined with Xiaoer-shuxiao-ganmao- ling (XSGL) in the treatment of children acute respiratory infection (AURI). METHODS: 206 cases of AURI were randomly divided into combined group (treating group) and tylenol group.105 cases in combined group were given XQN orally combined with XSGL, and 101 cases in tylend group were given children tylenol.The treatment of both groups lasted 3 days. RESULTS: The clinical effect in combined group (94.3%) was more than that of tylenol group (78.3%). CONCLUSION: XQN combined with XSGL is both economical and satisfactory in the treatment of children AURI.

Comparison of clinical efficacy and safety of weilikang and domperidone in treatment of reflux esophagitis

CHEN Zan-Xiong

2003, 8(2): 204-206.

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AIM: To compare the clinical efficacy and safety of weilikang and domperidone in treatment of reflux esophagitis. METHODS: 80 cases of patients with reflux esophagitis were divided into two groups:one group patients were treated with Weilikang 10 g, po, tid;the other group ones was given domperidone, 10 mg, po, tid.The period of treatment all was 6 weeks. RESULTS: After 6 weeks, the total efficacy rates of weilikang and domperidone were 85.0% and 60.0% (P < 0.05), respectively. CONCLUSION: Weilikang can obviously relieve the clinical symptoms of patients with reflux esophagitis, its efficacy is better than that of domperidone, and the adverse reaction is slight.

Comparison of the efficacy between stronger Neo-Minophagen C(SNMC) and caryophyllin in treatment of patients with chronic hepatitis B

ZHANG Jing-Liang, JIA Chuan-Chun, LUAN Ling

2003, 8(2): 207-209.

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AIM: To compare the efficacy and side effects between stronger Neo-Minophagen C(SNMC) and caryophyllin. METHODS: 87 patients were randomly divided into two groups.44 patients as a treatment group orally received 250 ml 5% glucose and 100 ml SNMC orally once a day for 1 month.Then the dose of SNMC changed to 50mg, tid for 2months.43 patients as a control group were given caryophyllin 4ml·d ^-1 for 3 months. RESULTS: After completion of therapy, the clinical syndromes and the liver function of the treatment group were much better than that of control group.The general effective rate was 90.9% in treatment group and 55.8% in control group (P <0.05).Side effects were not found. CONCLUSION: SNMC is effective agent in treatment of patients with chronic hepatitis B.

Curative effect of salvia miltiorrhiza compound and astragali on exacerbating chronic cor pulmonale

LIU Xin

2003, 8(2): 210-212.

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AIM: To study the effects of salvia miltiorrhiza compound and astragali in the treatment of patients with exacerbating chronic cor pulmonale. METHODS: 115 cases were randomly divided into two groups, with 56 cases in routine treatment group and 59 cases in salvia miltiorrhiza and astragali group.Besides routine treatment, such as oxygen therapy, ventilation improvement, administration of antibiotics, expectorant, and antiasthma, the patients in salvia miltiorrhiza and astragali group were treated with salvia miltiorrhiza compound and astragali, while subjects in routine treatment group were treated with routine therapy only. RESULTS: After treatment, the highly effective rates of two groups were 57.6% and 33.9%, and total effective rates were 98.3% and 89.3%, respectively.The therapeutic effect was significantly different (P <0.05) between the two groups. CONCLUSION: Salvia miltiorrhiza compound and astragali can improve the microcirculation and lower the pulmonary artery pressure and improve heart and lung function.

Clinical safety of long-term and low-dose usage of azithromycin in treatment of patients with chronic respiratory tract infection

JIN Ling-Xing, YAN Xue-Qing, WEN Hai-Xia

2003, 8(2): 213-214.

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AIM: To observe the clinical safety of azithromycin with low-dose and long-term usage. METHODS: The safety profile was assessed in 76 patients with chronic respiratory tract infective diseases received 0.25 g azithromycin once a day over 6 weeks orally;and 62 patients by 0.5 g amoxicillin three times a day over 6 weeks orally. RESULTS: The rate of side effects was 10.5% with azithromycin, similar to that with amoxicillin (P > 0.05);but rate of skin rash was increased in the patients with amoxicillin (P <0.05). CONCLUSION: The long-term usage of azithromycin with low-dose was safety in treatment of patients with chronic respiratory tract infective diseases.

International ethical guidelines for the choice of control in clinical trials¹ Extracted from CIOMS International Ethical Guidelines for Biomedical Research Involving Human Subjects

BO Qing-Yan, Revised by XIONG Ning-Ning, WU Jing

2003, 8(2): 215-218.

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