Chinese Journal of Clinical Pharmacology and Therapeutics

Inhibitory effects and mechanisms of iptkalim on the glutamate release from PC12 cells induced by high K⁺¹

YAO Hong-Hong, ZHANG Yun, DING Jian-Hua, LIU Su-Yi, WANG Hai, HU Gang

2003, 8(1): 1-5.

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AIM: To study the effects and mechanisms of ATP-sensitive potassium channel (K_ATP) opener iptkalim (IPT) on the glutamate release from cultured PC12 cells induced by high K +. METHODS: The glutamate release from cultured PC12 cells was measured by using HPLC combined with fluorescent detector analysis. RESULTS: Different concentrations of IPT (0.01, 0.10, 1.00, 10.0, 100 μmol·L -1) were shown to inhibit glutamate release from PC12 cells induced by high K + in a concentration-dependent manner, and these inhibitory effects were partly reversed by K_ATP blocker glibenclamide (Gli), an inhibitor of K_ATP channel.Incubation with 1.00 μmol·L -1 Gli alone increased the glutamate release induced by high K +, but selective PKC inhibitor HA-100 and calmodulin (CaM) antagonist trifluoperazine failed to affect the increment of glutamate release. CONCLUSION: Inhibition of glutamate release by IPT is partly reversed by Gli, indicating that the effect of IPT is mediated by the opening of the K_ATP channel;PKC and CaM are not involved in the increment of glutamate release by Gli.These results demonstrate that K_ATP channel is implicated in modulating glutamate release.

Blockade of CD40/CD40L interactions prolongs the survival time of mice with graft-versus-host disease

LIU He-Zhong, MAO Ning, HOU Chun-Mei, LI Xiu-Sen, TANG Pei-Xian, SHEN Bei-Fen

2003, 8(1): 6-10.

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AIM: To clone and express human CD40-Ig fusion protein, and further investigate its protective effects on graft-versus-host disease in a murine model. METHODS: Human CD40 gene extracellular region was cloned from Daudi cell line by RT-PCR and inserted into plasmid pIG1, which contains genomic human IgG1 Fc fragment.Then a transient vector containing CD40-Fc fusion gene was constructed and transfected into COS-7 cells.The secreted expression of CD40-Ig fusion protein was detected through indirect sandwich ELISA.In order to obtain plentiful CD40-Ig fusion protein, a constitutive vector was also generated by ligating the CD40-Fc fusion gene into pcDNA3.1, and hence transfecting it into CHO cells.Positive recombinant CHO cells, which secrete CD40-Ig fusion protein, were selected out and cultured on a large scale with serum-free medium, culture supernatant was harvested and purified by protein A affinity chromatography.SDS-PAGE, Western blot and ligand binding assay were used to identify the qualities of CD40-Ig.Murine acute graft-versus-host disease (GVHD) was induced by intravenous (iv) injection of C57BL/6J (H-2^b) spleen cells into sub-lethally irradiated BALB/c (H-2^d) mice. Protective effects against murine graft-versus-host disease by in vivo administration of CD40-Ig were evaluated. RESULTS: Mammalian expression vectors pIG/40-Ig and p3.1 40-Ig were constructed as described above.Chimeric proteins were expressed in COS-7 cell and CHO cell culture supernatant and confirmed by ELISA and Western blot.SDS-PAGE showed that fusion protein has a disulfide- bonded dimeric structure and existed as homodimer. Purified CD40-Ig could bind to CD40L expressed on Jurkat cell line.In vivo administration of CD40-Ig could prevent the development of GVHD and significantly prolongs the mean survival time of mice with GVHD. CONCLUSION: The CD40/CD40L interactions play a pivotal role in the pathogenesis of GVHD, suggesting clinical potential for CD40-Ig in the prevention and treatment of human GVHD.

Effects and mechanism of onychin on proliferation of rat vascular smooth muscle cells1

YANG Ming, LIAO Duan-Fang, ZHU Bing-Yang, HUANG Hong-Lin

2003, 8(1): 11-14.

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AIM: To investigate the effects of onychin (Ony) on proliferation of cultured aortic smooth muscle cells. METHODS: Cell culture technique was used in vitro.The inhibited effect of Ony on the proliferation of SMC was observed by measuring MTT metabolism and cell counting.Flow cytometry was performed to track cell cycle progression.Western blots were performed to examine ERK1/2 phosphorylation. RESULTS: The metabolism of MTT by VSMC and cell number of onychin group are declined markedly.There were dose-dependent inhibited effects on VSMC in four different concentrations of Onychin.This inhibited effect reached plateau at 10 μmol·L ^-1.As compared with those of the control group, differences were significant (P <0.01).Flow cytometry analysis indicated that the G1-Phase fraction ratios of onychin group (85.1 %) were higher than that of 10 %NCS group (70.0 %) while its S-Phase fraction ratios (4.3 %) were lower than that of 10 %NCS group (16.4 %).Western blot results displayed that Ony inhibited the phospphorylation of ERK1/2 compared to control group. CONCLUSION: Onychin can inhibit the proliferation of VSMC through G1 phase cell cycle arrest.This effect may be related to influence on MAPK/ERK transduction by inhibiting the phosphorylation of ERK1/2.

Anticonvulsant action of L-histidine in mice

WU Ai-Zhen, WANG Hui-Jing, YAO Ming-Hui

2003, 8(1): 15-17.

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AIM: To observe the anticonvulsant action of L-histidine in mice. METHODS: The anticonvulsant effect of L-histidine, and the antagonism of dlchlorpheniramine to L-histidine were observed in convulsion mice induced by pentylenetetrazole (PTZ) and electric stimulation. RESULTS: L-histidine exerted remarkable anticonvulsant action with dose-response relationship in convulsion mice induced by pentylenetetrazole and electric stimulation, and the action was partly antagonized by dl-chlorpheniramine. CONCLUSION: L-histidine has anticonvulsant effect, and the action was partly antagonized by dl-chlorpheniramine, suggesting that L-histidine can pass the BBS and enter the central nervous system.

Effects of insulin on expression of fibronectin, laminin and transforming growth factorβ₁ in cultured neonatal rat cardiac fibroblasts

LIN Lan, HONG Hua-Shan, Chen Ruo-Han, WANG Yi-Bo, JIANG Qiong

2003, 8(1): 18-22.

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AIM: To study the effects of insulin on expression of fibronectin (FN), laminin(LN) and transforming growth factor β₁ (TGFβ₁) in cultured neonatal rat cardiac fibroblasts, and its role in induction of cardiac hypertrophy. METHODS: The neonatal rat cardiac fibroblasts were cultured and identified;the expressions of FN, LN and TGFβ₁ in experimental group (insulin treatment group) of neonatal rat cardiac fibroblasts were compared with those in control group respectively by Streptavidin- Peroxidase (SP) method. RESULTS: The cultured cells showed the characteristic of morphology and immunocytochemistry of cardiac fibroblasts;the expression of FN on the cell membrane of cardiac fibroblasts in 10^-8 mol·L ^-1 insulin treatment group increased significantly in comparison with control group (P <0.05);LN was hardly expressed on the cultured cardiac fibroblasts, and there was no difference between two groups;the expression of TGFβ1 in the cytoplasm of cardiac fibroblasts in 10^-8 mol·L^-1 insulin treatment group increased markedly compared to the control group. CONCLUSION: Insulin can promote FN expression on cardiac fibroblasts in vitro and may be involved in the pathogenesis of cardiac hypertrophy.The promotion of insulin on the synthesis and excretion of TGFβ₁ in cardiac fibroblasts may account for this phenomena.

Comparison between s.przewalsii maxim injection and s.miltiorrhize bunge injection on the protection on acute focal cerebral ischemia of rats and the effect against lipide peroxidation

CHENG Ti-Juan, YANG Zhi-Yong

2003, 8(1): 23-26.

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AIM: To compare the effect of s.miltiorrhize bunge injection (SMBI) and s.przewalsii maxim injection (SPMI) on acute focal cerebral ischemia in rats, and to study the mechanism of the actions of two agents. METHODS: Acute focal cerebral ischemia model was made by middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO) in rats, and cerebral infarction volume was determined quantitatively by computer microscopical image analysis instruments. MDA content in serum was determined by TBA colorimetric analysis.SOD content in serum was studied by radioimmunity method.The scavenging effect of hydroxyl radical (·OH) was measured by electron spin resonance technique (ESR). RESULTS: SMBI and SPMI could markedly reduce infarction volume after occlusion of middle cerebral artery and MDA content in serum in rats.SMBI could elevate SOD content in serum.Two injections could markedly inhibit the formation of hydroxyl radical (·OH), and the effect of SPMI was better than that of SMBI. CONCLUSION: The effects of both SMBI and SPMI are similar, and it is possible that SPMI as a satisfactory substitute for SMBI.

Protective effect of picroside-Ⅱ on the damage of cultured PC12 cells in vitro

TAO Yi-Wen, LIU Jian-Wen, WEI Dong-Zhi, SU Wu, ZHOU Wen-Yu

2003, 8(1): 27-30.

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AIM: To investigate protective effect of picroside-Ⅱ on the damage of cultured PC12 cells. METHODS: The damage of cultured PC12 cells was made by hydrogen peroxide.The protection of picroside- Ⅱ was observed by morphological identification, colorimetric MTT assay, effluxes of LDH, and ROS level. RESULTS: 0.5 and 5 mmol·L ^-1 of picroside-Ⅱattenuated the damage of PC12 cells by increasing significantly the survival rate, decreasing the changes in cell morphology, and lowering LDH release from cells into culture medium and ROS level. CONCLUSION: Picroside-Ⅱ can obviously protect the cultured PC12 cells from damage induced by hydrogen peroxide.

D-galactose-induced learning and memory deficits in mice¹

XU Jiang-Ping, WU Hang-Yu, LI Lin

2003, 8(1): 31-34.

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AIM: To explore the effects of Compound Yi-Zhi (YZC) on learning and memory capacity and free radical metabolism in D-galactose induced mice dementia model.METHODS: The mice dementia model was induced by a daily D-galactose 0.15 g·kg ^-1 sc for 45 d and after 5 d D-galactose injection, the mice were treated with three doses of YZC once a day for 40 d.In order to find out the influence of YZC on the models learning and memory capability and free radical metabolism system, Ymaze test was introduced for the former and superoxide dismutase (SOD) and malondialdehyde (MDA) tests for the latter.RESULTS: Compared with the D-galactose model group, three doses of YZC administration (0.108, 0.217, 0.433 g·kg ^-1) were all shown to significantly reduced the times of learning/memory in Y-maze test from 31.35 ±8.97/17.12 ±5.57 to 19.67 ±8.07/11.27 ± 6.65, to 14.00 ±6.84/8.29 ±5.95, and to 11.41 ± 5.99 6.24 ±4.97, respectively.For SOD, the administrations of 0.108 and 0.433 g·kg ^-1 YZC could increase the activity of SOD from 17.69 ±3.14 to 26.94 ±4.46, and to 21.33 ±3.63 nU·mg ^-1 pro.While for MDA, all the three doses of YZC could decrease the level of MDA from 4.08 ±0.88 to 2.82 ±0.75, to 2.10 ±0.42, and to 2.35 ±0.39 nmol·mg ^-1 pro in the mice brain tissue, respectively.CONCLUSION: YZC can improve the Dgalactose induced learning and memory dysfunction, and the action may be related to the improvement of antioxidase activity in the model mice brains.

Determination of lansoprazole and its metabolites 5' -hydroxy lansoprazole and lansoprazole sulphone in human plasma by reversed-phase HPLC

FU Liang-Qing, HUANG Feng, WU De-Zheng, GUO Jun-Hua

2003, 8(1): 35-38.

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AIM: To set up a method to determine the blood concentration of lansoprazole and its metabolites 5' -lansoprazole and lansoprazole sulphone.METHODS: The blood concentration of lansoprazole was determined by HPLC.RESULTS: Calibrated standard curve of lansoprazole in blood was Y=0.0136 +0.0012 X (r= 0.9994);the recoveries at three concentrations of 25, 200, and 2000 μg ·L ^-1 were 87.99 %, 94.38 %, and 77.21 %, respectively; and the RSD values were 7.79 %, 1.21 %, and 5.49 %, respectively.Calibrated standard curve of its metabolite 5' -OH lansoprazole in plasma was Y=0.0025 +0.000926 X (r=0.9990). The recoveries at three concentrations (20, 100, and 500 μg·L ^-1)were 85.85 %, 87.64 %, and 107.70 %, respectively;and the RSD values were 10.73 %, 6.98 %, and 5.62 %, respectively.Calibrated standard curve of another metabolite lansoprazole sulphone in plasma was Y=0.01486 +0.001462X (r=0.9995), the recoveries at three concentrations (20, 100, and 1000 μg ·L ^-1) were 79.84 %, 85.18 %, and 100.68 %;respectively; and the RSD values were 9.22 %, 2.36 %, and 4.81 %, respectively.After 30 mg of lansoprazole was administered by a volunteer po, the values of C_max of 5' - OH lansoprazole, lansoprazole, and lansoprazole sulphone were 113.21, 1561.54, and 131.14 mg·L ^-1, respectively.CONCLUSION: The method is accurate for determining the blood concentration of lansoprazole and its metabolites 5' -lansoprazole and lansoprazole sulphone.

Evaluation on safety of human nerve growth factor gene administered intravascularly

SHI Xiao-Yan, WU Yong-Jie, GAO Kai1, WANG Jun-Zhi1

2003, 8(1): 39-43.

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AIM: To evaluate the safety of human nerve growth factor gene β mediated by recombinant adeno- associated viruses type-2 (rAAV2 /hNGFβ) delivered into rat brain via external carotid artery after the mannitol inducing the blood-brain barrier (BBB) opening. METHODS: 25 % mannitol was infused into left internal carotid artery of rats via left external carotid artery. After 2 min when 25 % mannitol was infused in 30 s at a speed of 0.12 ml·s ^-1, 1 ml normal saline (NS) or rAAV2 /hNGFβ or rAAV2 GFP with the titer of 1.5 ×1015 vg ·L ^-1 was infused into rat internal carotid artery respectively.In the long-term toxicity experiment (60 d), the rats infused rAAV₂ /hNGFβ were observed the general state during breeding.The weight, the pain sensitivity, bleeding time and clotting time, blood biochemistry and hematology, the viscera index, and viscera-pathologic change were examined on 60d.In the biological distribution experiment, the rats infused rAAV₂ /GFP (green fluorescence protein, GFP) were perfused transcardially with 4 % solution of paraformaldehyde in 0.1 mol·L ^-1 phosphate buffer at 4 ℃.Tissue sections were cut on a freezing microtome set at 10 μm.The expression of GFP in every organ was observed under laser confocal microscope. RESULTS: Compared to control, the general state, pain sensitivity, hematology, blood-biochemical indices, viscera index and histopathologic examination of the rats infused rAAV2 hNGFβ were not significantly different;the biological distribution of rAAV₂ /GFP in the rats infused rAAV₂ GFP could be observed in brain, liver, spleen, kidneys, adrenal, lung, thyroid, hypophysis thymus, stomach, small intestine, and pancreas. CONCLUSION: The intravascular injection of rAAV₂ /hNGFβ for does not display obvious toxicity on d 60 in rats.Meanwhile, the rAAV₂ /hNGFβ can express not only in the brain, but also in many other tissues of rats.

Effects of niaodujing Ⅱ on the proliferation of human glomerular mesangial cells in vitro

ZHU Xiao-Ling, WANG Yong-Jun, CHENG Xiao-Xia, TONG Meng-Li, ZHENG Hong-Yu, ZHANG Man-Sheng

2003, 8(1): 44-47.

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AIM: To investigate the effects of niaodujing Ⅱ on cultured human glomerular mesangial cells. METHODS: The proliferation of cultured mesangial cells (MsC) in human embry, stimulated by serum and ET-1 following incubation with niaodujing Ⅱ, was measured in vitro by MTT method and flow cytomertry (FCM). RESULTS: Niaodujing Ⅱ inhibited the proliferation stimulated by serum and endothelin-1 (ET-1) in a dose-dependent and time-dependent manner (P <0.01). In the mesangial cell cycle, the number of cells in G0 G1 phase increased and the number in S phase decreased. CONCLUSION: Niaodujing Ⅱ can suppress the proliferation of MsC by inhibiting DNA synthesis.

Effects of droperidol on the enhancement of persistent sodium currents induced by in vitro ischemia-like condition in isolated rat CA1 paramidal neurons

JIAO Zhi-Hua, ZHUANG Xin-Liang, WANG Shi-Lei

2003, 8(1): 48-51.

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AIM: To study the effects of droperidol on the enhancement of persistent sodium currents induced by in vitro ischemia-like condition in isolated rat CA1 paramidal neurons. METHODS: Whole-cell patch-clamp recordings were made from enzymatically isolated rat CA1 hippocampal paramidal neurons.Ischemia was induced by oxygen and glucose deprivation. RESULTS: All of 3, 10, and 30 μmol·L ^-1of droperidol significantly inhibited the enhancement of persistent sodium currents induced by ischemia, but the different concentrations did not show significant difference. CONCLUSION: Droperidol in clinical concentration can inhibit the enhancement of persistent sodium current induced by ischemia.

Effect of interleukin - 1 receptor antagonist on the rat models with asthma¹

XU Feng, ZHANG Hong-Quan

2003, 8(1): 52-54.

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AIM: To study the protective effect of interleukin- 1 receptor antagonist (IL-1ra) on guinea pig models with asthma. METHODS: Ovalbumin sensitized guinea pigs as asthma models were treated with IL-1ra for 8 days.At the end of the treatment, the concentration of endothelin (ET) and nitric oxide (NO) in the blood and in the lung tissue were determined, and the count of eosinophil (EOS) in the blood and the bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BLAF) was measured as well. RESULTS: IL-1ra lowered ET content in the blood and lung tissue, and the count of EOS in the blood and BLAF as well.But it increased the activity of NO, and the high dose group showed a better effect. CONCLUSION: The inhalation of nebulized IL-1ra has an effect against asthma.

Anti-obesity effect of sibutramine hydrochloride in alimentary obesity rats

CHEN Guang-Liang, LI Li, YAN Shang-Xue, HUANG De-Wu

2003, 8(1): 55-58.

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AIM: To investigate the anti-obesity effect of sibutramine hydrochloride in alimentary obesity rats. METHODS: The alimentary obesity models were established by hyperalimentation for 7 wk in just ablactating SD rats, and then the models were divided into several groups. RESULTS: Sibutramine hydrochloride 9.0, 3.0, and 1.0mg·kg ^-1 ig for 6 wk could significantly decrease body weight, Lee's index, total weight of celiac fat tissue as well as the size of adipocyte, and reduce the level of serum triglyceride in the simple obese rats.But no effect was shown on the density and diameter of jejunum villus. CONCLUSION: Sibutramine hydrochloride is an effective agent of anti-obesity effect in alimentary obesity rats.

Improvement of vascular endothelial function by carvedilol in patients with essential hypertension

LI Xiao-Tao, DU Yan-Fang, GUO Zhi-Qin, DONG Jie

2003, 8(1): 59-62.

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AIM: To investigate the effects of carvedilol on vascular endothelial function in patients with essential hypertension. METHODS: Flow-mediated endothelium- dependent dilation (FMD) and nitroglycerin-mediated endothelium-independent dilation (NTGMD) were assessed by high-resolution ultrasound technique in the brachial artery of 16 or 19 patients with essential hypertension treatment using metoprolol or carvedilol for 12 weeks, respectively;18 healthy cases were taken as controls. The plasma concentrations of ox-LDL were measured before and after taking carvedilol for the patients. RESULTS: FMD values in healthy controls were higher than those of hypertensive patients before taking metoprolol or carvedilol (P <0.01).No significant differences were found in NTGMD among 3 groups.After treatment with carvedilol for 12 weeks, the FMD values were improved significantly from (4.7 ±1.3) % to (7.4 ± 1.5) % (P <0.01), and plasma concentration of ox- LDL was decreased significantly from 0.64 ± 0.16 μg·L ^-1 to 0.52 ±0.15 μg·L ^-1 (P <0.05).No significant differences were found in NTGMD of the patients treated with metoprolol or carvedilol. CONCLUSION: Carvedilol can improve endothelium-dependent vasodilation in patients with essential hypertension through a mechanism probably related to an antioxidant effect.

Protective effects of cyclovirobuxine-D on experimental arrhythmia and myocardial ischemia

WANG Xiao-Chen, HUANG Ji-Han, LI Jian-Chun, ZHENG Qing-Shan

2003, 8(1): 63-66.

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AIM: To study the effects of cyclovirobuxine- D (CVB-D) on experimental arrhythmia and myocardial ischemia.METHODS: The arrhythmia models were set up in the dogs with ligating coronary artery method, and myocardial ischemia model with high-dose pituitrin (0.5 μg·kg ^-1, iv).Some indices were observed, including the influence of CVB-D on the arrhythmia in dogs, acute myocardial ischemia models in rats, and the effects on survival time of hypoxia in mice.Amiodarone (15 mg·kg ^-1, iv) and compound salvia injection (1.0 mg·kg ^-1, iv) were set as controls, respectively, RESULTS: CVB-D could significantly reduce the incidence of ventricular premature beats (VP) and ventricular tachycardia (VT) in dogs, antagonize the rising of STsegment and T-wave of ECG in rats, and lengthen the survival time of hypoxia in mice.CONCLUSION: CVBD (iv) can antagonize arrhythmia and myocardial ischemia in animal models.

Effects of different penetration enhancer on penetration of ciclopirox olamine and salysic acid in percutaneous penetration

FENG Xiao-Long, WANG Hui, ZHU Hui-Ming

2003, 8(1): 67-70.

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AIM: To study the enhancing effect of penetration enhancer on percutaneous absorption of antifungal agents.METHODS: Percutaneous penetration experiment was performed on device in vitro, and the deposit effects were observed with vivoperception.RESULTS: Combination of 1-menthol (1 %) and azone (1 %) showed the best effect on percutaneous absorption of cidopicox olamine, and 1-menthol (1 %) had the best effect on percutaneous absorption of salysic acid.The compound penetration enhancer, consisting of 1-menthol (1 %), azone (1 %), propylene glycol (2.5 %) and oleic acid (2.5 %), had prominent action on absorption of cidopirox olamine through rabbit skins, and shorten the lag times obviously.CONCLUSION: L-menthol and azone can significantly enhance the percutaneous absorption of both salysic acid and cidopicox olamine.Combination of 1-menthol and azone can further increase the absorption.

Inhibition of bosentan on cultured cardiomyocyte hypertrophy from neonatal mice

WANG Se-Lin, FANG Wu-Wang, CHEN Shao-Liang

2003, 8(1): 71-74.

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AIM: To observe the role of endothelin antagonist bosentan that inhibits cultured neonatal mice cardiomyocyte from endothelin-1 (ET-1) induced cell hypertrophy.METHODS: Digested by trypsin, neonatal mice cardiomyocytes were isolated and cultured in 4 groups.With a group of regular culture cells as control, other three groups were respectively treated by bosentan 10 -8 mol·L ^-1, ET-1 10 ^-10 mol·L ^-1 andET-1 10 ^-10mol·L ^-1 +bosentan 10 ^-8mol·L ^-1 which were initially administered to the culture medium.The cell growing was observed carefully through micrography.72 hours later, the level of atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP) and ET-1 in the media of the 4 groups were determined by method of radioimmunoassay.RESULTS: The values of ANP in different groups were:6.46 ±0.38 μg·L ^-1 in control, 4.87 ±0.56 μg·L ^-1 in bosentan group, 13.60 ±1.12 μg·L ^-1 in ET-1 group and 9.42 ±0.58 μg·L ^-1 in ET-1 +bosentan group.Also by micrographic observation, endothelin induced cell hypertrophy was proved, and the hypertrophy could be reversed by bosentan.CONCLUSION: Endothelin induces hypertrophy of cultured neonatal mice cardiomyocytes, but it can be inhibited by endothelin antagonist of bosentan.

Effect of four vitamins in combination on cardiovascular activity elements in rabbits fed with high-lipids feed1

GU Zhao-Xia, LI Xi-Xing, ZHOU Yan-Sheng, ZHAO Chan-An, ZHANG Yu, WANG We-Min, GU Jun-Xia

2003, 8(1): 75-77.

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AIM: To study the effects of vitamins on vascular activity elements in rabbits with atherosclerosis risk factors to determine whether vitamins have a role in preventing atherosclerosis.METHODS: 26male Chinese rabbits were randomly divided into 3 groups.The first group was fed with normal feed as control group (n=6).The other two groups were fed with normal feed plus cholesterol, lard andmethionine as model group (n=10) and vitamin treatment group (n=10) respectively.In addition, the vitamin group was given multi-vitamin daily by gastrogavage.The experiment lasted for 8 wk.The vascular activity elements of the three groups were detected by radioimmunoassay and nitrate reductase respectively, and the aorta pathological sample was prepared.RESULTS: In model group, the levels of plasma endothelin and thromboxane B₂ 6-keto-prostaglandin F_lαwere significantly increased compared with control group, but serum nitric oxide showed no obvious changes between both groups.In vitamin group, the levels of plasma endothelin and thromboxane B2 were significantly decreased, and the levels of 6-keto-prostaglandin F1αand nitric oxide were significantly increased compared with model group.In model group, there were significant pathological lesions, but the lesion was decreased by vitamin treatment.CONCLUTION: The vitamins supplement can alleviate or block the impairment of vascular endothelia caused by atherosclerosis risk factors, and help adjust the equilibrium of vascular activity elements.Therefore vitamins may play a positive role in preventing atherosclerosis.

Preliminary assessment of the efficiency of transcatheter closure of ventricular septal defects in membranous part

TANG Shen-Xing, JI Qing-Jiong, ZHU Xiang-Ming, ZHANG Ping-Yang, CAO Heng, QI Shu-Shan, WANG An-Cai

2003, 8(1): 78-80.

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AIM: To evaluate the efficiency of transcatheter closure of ventricular septal defects (VSD). METHODS: Two patents were treated by transcatheter closure.The cases of VSD were confirmed by transesophageal echocardiography (TEE) before treatment.Two cases were treated using occluder device through the percutaneous procedure under fluoroscopy and TEE.After the procedure, TEE and fluoroscopy were performed immediately to find whether any residual shunt was remained. RESULTS: Values of the occluder diameter selected were 4 and 6mm in the two cases, respectively.No complications occurred during the procedure, and no residual shunt and recanalization were found after 24 h and 1 mon. CONCLUTION: Transcatheter closure of VSD using the occluder is an efficient microinvasive method, but further results will obtain from a long term observation.

Effect of continuous epidural analgesia of tramadol on postoperative gastrointestinal function and serum motilin level

DAI Ze-Ping, CHENG Yong-Quang, LU Wei-Hua, JIN Xiao-Ju, ZHANG He

2003, 8(1): 86-88.

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AIM: To observe the effect of continuous epidural analgesia (CEA) of tramadol on postoperative gastrointestinal function and serum motilin level in the patients with cholecystectomy. METHODS: Twenty eight ASA Ⅰ - Ⅱpatients (8 male, 20 female) aged 24 -56 yr, scheduled for elective cholecystectomy under epidural anesthesia, were randomly divided into tramadol group (T, n=14) and control group (C, n=14).The combination of tramadol 800 mg + bupivacaine 150 mg + droperidol 5 mg, which diluted with normal saline to 100 ml and pumped 2 ml·h ^-1, was administered in group T. The combination in group C was bupivacaine 150 mg + droperidol 5mg.The VAS values, the first anorectum exhaust timing (FAET), and the time of the first eliminating stool timing (FEST) were recorded, and serum motilin level measured with radioimmunoassay at the different times after surgery. RESULTS: There was a significant difference in the mean VAS values between group T (1.2 ±1.2) and group C (3.3 ±1.3) (P <0.05).The FAET and FEST were delayed in group T (56.8 ±16.6) and (96.5 ±19.7) h in comparison with group C (38.8 ±14.7) and (75.6 ±18.3) h (P <0.05).The MOT level of group T decreased from (135.6 ±22.8) pmol· L ^-1 to (78.3 ±18.7) pmol·L ^-1 after analgesia (P < 0.05), and the change had a statistical significance (P <0.05) between the two groups.A marked negative relationship was found between FAET, FEST and the MOT levels (r= -0.47, P <0.05).In addition, nausea, vomiting and somnolence occurred more frequent in group T than in group C. CONCLUSION: Tramadol shows a better postoperative analgesia effect in the patients with cholecystectomy, but it can delay FAET and FEST, decrease the serum MOT level, and increase the incidences of nausea, vomiting, somnolence, and urine retention.

Effects of Xuefu-Zhuyu oral liquid on the auricles microcirculation in mice

TAO Min-Fei, YANG Wei-Dong

2003, 8(1): 89-91.

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AIM: To observe the effect of Xuefu- Zhuyu oral liquid (XFZY) on microcirculation. METHODS: The auricles microcirculation was closely observed to examine the effect of XFZY in the normal mice auricles and those with acute blood stasis. RESULTS: XFZY evidently enlarged the blood capillary caliber of the normal mice auricles and those with acute blood stasis. CONCLUSION: XFZY can significantly improve the auricles microcirculation in mice.

Comparison of the efficacy and safety between cefepime and ceftazidme in the treatment of the moderate to severe low-respiratory tract infection

JIANG Jing-Han, WANG Ying

2003, 8(1): 92-94.

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AIM: To compare the efficacy and safety between cefepime and ceftazidme in the treatment of the moderate to severe low-respiratory tract infection. METHODS: Sixty patients with moderate to severe lowrespiratory were enrolled in two groups.30 patents were treated with ceftzidem and other patients were given cefepine as a control.The dosage of both drugs was 1 -2 g (1 g for moderate infection, 2g for severe infection). The duration of treatment was 7 -10 d for most patients in the two groups. RESULTS: The efficacy rates of cefepime and ceftazidme were 96.67 %and 86.67 %, respectively, whereas the bacterial efficacy rates were 92.28 % and 88.0 %(P >0.05).The adverse reactions in two groups were mild and the incidence were not statistical difference between two groups (P >0.05). CONCLUSION: Cefepime is a safe and effective agent in treatment of low-respiratory tract infection like ceftazidme.

Influence of irbesartan on blood pressure and proteinuria in patients with chronic glomerulonephritis

LIU Hong, YU Ji-Rong, LIU Bi-Cheng, WANG Yan-Li, YIN Lian-Fang, ZHANG Xiao-Liang

2003, 8(1): 95-97.

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AIM: To investigate the influence of irbesartan on blood pressure and proteinuria in patients with chronic glomerulonephritis. METHODS: 27 patients with chronic glomerulonephritis were treated with irbesartan for 8 wk.Blood pressure, proteinuria, renal function, serum K⁺, liver function, and serum lipid were detected before and after 8 wk. RESULTS: The levels of blood pressure and 24 h proteinuria were decreased significantly (P <0.01) 8 wk after the administration, but the renal function, serum K⁺, liver function and serum lipid were unchanged. CONCLUSION: Irbesartan shows a stable anti-hypertensive effect and can reduce proteinuria in patients with chronic glomerulonephritis.

Optimization of the extraction and isolation for anthraquinone component from rhubarb

XIAO Yan, DU Zhi-Ming

2003, 8(1): 98-100.

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AIM: To optimize the method of extracion and isolation for anthraquinone component from rhubarb for increasing the extraction rate and purity.METHODS: Rhubarb was extracted 4 times in the refluxing method with ethanol.The borate buffer solution was used as extracted fluid.Rhein, rheum emodin and chrysophanol could be obtained by Deltar 4 000 high-pressure making system, and the pure product obtained by recrystallizing with acetone.The YWG C₁₈ column was (4.6 × 250) mm, the flow rate 1.0 ml.min^-1, and UV detection wavelength 254 nm.Methanol, water and acid perchloride were taken as mobile phase with the ratio of 9:1:0.01.RESULTS: Deltar 4000 high-pressure making system could be used to isolate the anthraquinone component from rhubarb, the purity of rhein, rheum emodin and chrysophanol was more than 80 %, and the ertraction rate of rheum emodin reached 0.6 %.CONCLUSION: The extraction of the anthraquinone component is simple and cheap with ethanol from rhubarb, and the extraction rate is high.Deltar 4000 high pressure making system can be used to isolate the anthraquinone component from rhubarb with a high the extraction rate and purity.

Effect of captopril on vascular endothelium function in patients with essential boundary hypertension by high-frequence ultrasound

DONG Xue-Bin

2003, 8(1): 101-103.

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AIM: To study the impact of Captopril onvascular endothelium function in patients with essentialboundary hypertension. METHODS: We examined theendothelium-dependent vasodilation of brachial arteries in23 patients and 20 normal subjects by high -frequenceUltrasound. RESULTS: Though there were not significantlydifferences in vasodilation of brachial arteries during givenNitroglycerin between two groups (%:26.02 ±5.59 vs28.02 ±6.04, P >0.05), the change of dimater of brachialarteries during reactive hyperaemia decreased remarkablyin patients in contrast to the normal.Thechange became normal after patients having taken Captoprilfor three months (%:22.50 ±5.45 vs 6.34 ±2.43,P <0.05). CONCLUSION: There was some decreaseof vascular endothelium function in patients with essentialboundary hypertension.But the injured endothelium functioncould recover after given Captopril.

Clinical study of the therapeutic effects of traditional Chinese medicines on patients with leg eczema

WANG Jian-Xiang

2003, 8(1): 104-106.

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AIM: To investigate the clinical efficacy of traditional Chinese medicines on patients with leg eczema. METHODS: 90 cases of leg eczema were randomly divided into control group and treatment group.The control group with 30 cases was treated with antihistamines, and the treatment group with 60 cases was treated with oral and topically washing traditional Chinese medicines according to the syndrome differentiation.Each patient in both groups was treated for four weeks. RESULTS: The total effective rate was 86.7 % in treatment group and 53.3 % in control group (P <0.01). CONCLUSION: The oral traditional Chinese medicines combined with washing method according to the syndrome differentiation is effective in treatment of leg eczema.

Current advances on the pharmacological effects of total flavones of epimedium

XU Bi-Lian, WU Tie, WANG Hui

2003, 8(1): 105-107.

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This paper, based on recent 10 years pharmacological experimental studies, reviews the effects of total flavones of epimedium on cardiovascular system,circulatory system, immune system and bone marrow system,etc.

International ethical guidelines for biomedical research involving human subjects Council for International Organizations of Medical Sciences (CIOMS), Aug, 2002

BO Qing-Yan, Revised by XIONG Ning-Ning, WU Jing

2003, 8(1): 107-110.

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