Abstract: Objective To analyze the influential factors of children's learning difficulties in Kunshan,and to provide some effective basis for improving children's learning ability. Methods A total of 5 132 children during 6~12 years old in Kunshan city were selected through cluster sampling method.They or their teachers or parents were surveyed about learning difficulties and the influencing factors. Results The incidence of children's learning difficulties was 16.29% in Kunshan.Multiariable Logistic regression analysis found that:the risk of children's learning difficulties decreased along with the increasing of age,and the odds ratio (OR)(95%CI) was 0.82(0.75~0.89);when compared with boys,the adjusted OR(95%CI) was 0.56(0.42~0.76) for girls;when compared with the primary caregivers for mother,primary caregivers for grandparents could increase the risk of children's learning difficulties,and the OR(95%CI) was 1.73(1.23~2.43);when compared with the way of democracy,protection of parenting could increase the risk of children's learning difficulties,and the OR(95%CI) was 1.65(1.12~2.41);when compared with the family harmony,constantly bickering family could increase the risk of children's learning difficulty,and the OR(95%CI) was 2.59(1.07~6.25). Conclusion The incidence of children's learning difficulties in Kunshan is high,and family,school should all focus on the improving of children's learning difficulties.

Key words: learning difficulties, influential factors, children

摘要： 目的 分析儿童学习困难的影响因素,为提高儿童的学习状况提供有效的依据。方法 采用整群随机抽样的方法,对在江苏省昆山市抽取的5 132名6~12岁儿童(其父母、老师等)进行学习困难及其影响因素的问卷调查。结果 本研究调查发现昆山市儿童学习困难发生率为16.29%。多因素Logistic回归分析发现:年龄每增加1岁,学习困难的发生风险降低18%;女性与男性相比,学习困难发生风险相对较低,OR(95%CI)值为0.56(0.42~0.76);与主要照顾者为母亲的相比,主要照顾者为祖辈或其他可增加儿童学习困难发生风险,OR(95%CI)值为1.73(1.23~2.43);与民主的教养方式相比,保护式的教养方式可以增加儿童学习困难的发生风险,OR(95%CI)值为1.65(1.12~2.41);与家庭和睦的相比,不断争吵的家庭可以增加儿童学习困难的发生风险,其OR(95%CI)值为2.59(1.07~6.25)。结论 昆山市儿童学习困难的发生率仍较高,应从学校、家庭、主要照顾者等多个方面来提高儿童的学习状况。

关键词: 学习困难, 影响因素, 儿童