Abstract: Objective To explore the prevalence,diagnosis and management of childhood asthma in Lanzhou urban area. Methods Multi-stage,stratified and random cluster sampling was used to recruit children born during July 1st,1996 to July 1st,2010 from Lanzhou or other provinces but resided in Lanzhou for over half a year.The same screening questionnaires for the Third National Epidemiological Survey of Children's Asthma were distributed to parents of children at schools,kindergartens and communities.Asthmatic children were picked among the screening-positive children based on on-the-spot inquiries,physical examinations,medical records and supporting test results.Further survey of asthmatics was carried out to investigate the diagnosis and treatment status of childhood asthma and other associated allergic diseases.All data required double entry by Epi-Info 3.5.3 software and were processed by SPSS 19.0. Results Among a total of 11 068 questionnaires,10 566 were completed with a response rate of 95.46%.And 298(2.82%) children were diagnosed with typical (n=265,2.51%) and cough variant (n=33,0.31%) asthma.Among them,54.36%(162/298) had been previously diagnosed with asthma.The prevalence of asthma was higher in boys than in girls [3.31%(180/5 440) vs 2.30%(118/5 126),χ²=9.761,P<0.01].The asthma prevalence of preschoolers (3～<7 years old) was the highest (4.31%(116/2 690)).In the past two years,the symptoms of 84.90% (253/298) children persisted and the current two-year prevalence of asthma was 2.39% (253/10 566).Among the 162 children with previous asthma,87.65% (142/162) received inhaled corticosteroids according to the Global Initiative for Asthma (GINA) and 87.04%(141/162) of them used antibiotics. Conclusions The prevalence of asthma is 2.82% in children under 14 years old in Lanzhou urban area,increased significantly over the past ten years,and it varied in children with different genders and ages.A considerable number of children are not diagnosed or treated properly,and the management of asthma requires further improvement.

Key words: child, asthma, prevalence

摘要： 目的 了解兰州市城区0～14岁儿童哮喘患病率、发病规律及其诊治情况。方法 采用多阶段分层随机整群抽样方法,向1996年7月1日零点-2010年7月1日零点出生的兰州市儿童或外地出生但在兰州居住和生活半年以上的儿童家长发放2010年第三次全国儿童哮喘流行病学调查统一问卷,筛查儿童哮喘及过敏疾病。筛查阳性儿童由临床医生明确哮喘诊断后做进一步问卷调查,了解其哮喘诊治情况及伴发过敏性疾病情况。所有数据使用Epi-Info3.5.3软件进行双录入,用SPSS 19.0进行统计分析。结果 共抽取儿童11 068名,完成初筛问卷10 566份(95.46%)。共诊断哮喘298例2.82%,其中典型哮喘患病率2.51%(265/10 566)、咳嗽变异性哮喘患病率0.31%(33/10 566);54.36%(162/298)为既往已诊断哮喘;男性患病率3.31%(180/5 440),女性患病率2.30%(118/5 126)(χ²=9.761,P<0.01)。不同发育阶段儿童以学龄前儿童(3～<7岁)患病率最高为4.31%(116/2 690)。84.90%(253/298)的患儿近2年内仍存在哮喘症状,2年现患率为2.39%(253/10 566)。既往已诊断哮喘患儿中,按全球哮喘防治创议(Global Initiative for Asthma,GINA)方案使用过吸入激素的为87.65%(142/162),而抗生素的使用率高达87.04%(141/162)。结论 兰州市城区0～14岁儿童哮喘总患病率较十年前明显增加,不同性别和不同年龄阶段儿童存在明显差异,仍有部分患儿未得到及时诊治,哮喘的管理水平亦亟待提高。

关键词: 儿童, 哮喘, 患病率