Abstract: Objective To investigate the 0~6 years old children's common diseases and symptoms' occurrence and to analyze the health status and the major health problems of children in China at present for preventing childhood diseases and providing basis for the establishment of health care measures. Method A total of 43 370 children under six years old were sampled by the multi-stage stratified random sampling method in 15 provinces nationwide,and parents questionnaires were used to do the investigation. Results Two-week prevalence reported for 0~6 years old children was 22.35% and the boys' was higher than the girls',the urban areas was higher than the rural areas,and there were statistically significant differences among eastern,central and western regions in different age groups.Respiratory diseases' two-week prevalence was 4.48%,accounting for 74.68% of the whole system illness.Fever,cough and diarrhea were the common symptoms of childhood diseases and the incidence were 9.62%,9.39% and 6.43% respectively. Conclusion The differences among age-groups,urban and rural areas,and regions indicate that prevention and control of infants'common diseases such as children's respiratory and digestive system disease,and symptoms such as fever,cough and diarrhea should be strengthened.

Key words: common diseases, two-week, prevalence, children

摘要： 目的 通过调查我国0~6岁儿童常见疾病及症状的发生情况,分析我国儿童目前的健康水平及存在的主要健康问题,为儿童疾病的预防、保健措施制定提供依据。方法 通过多阶段分层随机抽样在全国15个省抽取43 370名6岁以下儿童,采用家长问卷进行调查,采用SPSS 13.0对数据进行统计分析。结果 我国0~6岁儿童家长自报两周患病率为22.35%,男童高于女童,城市高于农村,不同年龄组、东中西部地区间差异有统计学意义。呼吸系统疾病的两周患病率为4.48%,占各系统两周患病总和的74.68%;发热、咳嗽、腹泻等是儿童常见的疾病症状,两周发生率分别为9.62%、9.39%和6.43%。结论 0~6岁儿童两周患病率在不同年龄、城乡、地区间差异提示应加强婴儿常见病的防治,针对儿童呼吸和消化系统疾病防治以及发热、咳嗽、腹泻等疾病症状的处理,开展有针对性的防治工作。

关键词: 常见病, 两周, 患病率, 儿童