Abstract: The human houses a huge microbe,the commensal microbiota.The collection of all microbial genomes is called the microbiome.A variety of microbiota and microbiome exist throughout the human body,with fundamental roles in human health and disease.The intestinal microbiota and the human host co-exist in a mutually beneficial relationship,which contributes physiological functions,including host resistance to invading pathogens,maturation and homeostasis of the host's immune system,as well as nutrition and metabolism.Disruption of the intestinal commensal microbiota (gut dysbiosis) is associated with a plethora of human diseases,including allergic diseases,autoimmune diseases,metabolic diseases,bacterial infections and colorectal cancer.

Key words: gut microbiota, microbiome, physiological functions

摘要： 人体中寄居着大量的微生物,即共生菌群,这些菌群的基因总和称为微生物组。存在于人体中的各种菌群和微生物组对人体的健康和疾病发挥着重要作用。正常情况下肠道菌群与人体处于共生关系,具有防御外源性感染、促进免疫系统的成熟与平衡、营养与代谢等生理功能。肠道共生菌群的紊乱则与许多疾病有关,包括过敏性疾病、自身免疫性疾病、代谢性疾病、细菌感染和结肠癌等。

关键词: 肠道菌群, 微生物组, 生理功能