Table of Content

10 June 2017, Volume 25 Issue 6

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Orignal Article

Progress in physiological functions of gut microbiota

ZHENG Yue-jie

2017, 25(6):  541-543.  DOI: 10.11852/zgetbjzz2017-25-06-01

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The human houses a huge microbe,the commensal microbiota.The collection of all microbial genomes is called the microbiome.A variety of microbiota and microbiome exist throughout the human body,with fundamental roles in human health and disease.The intestinal microbiota and the human host co-exist in a mutually beneficial relationship,which contributes physiological functions,including host resistance to invading pathogens,maturation and homeostasis of the host's immune system,as well as nutrition and metabolism.Disruption of the intestinal commensal microbiota (gut dysbiosis) is associated with a plethora of human diseases,including allergic diseases,autoimmune diseases,metabolic diseases,bacterial infections and colorectal cancer.

Role of waist circumference in predicting elevated blood pressure among children and adolescents with normal body mass index

SUN Jia-hong, MA Chuan-wei, LIANG Ya-jun, XI Bo

2017, 25(6):  544-547.  DOI: 10.11852/zgetbjzz2017-25-06-02

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Objective To examine the waist circumference (WC)'s predict role to elevate blood pressure (BP) among children and adolescents aged 7~17 years old who have normal body mass index (BMI),and provide scientific evidence for prevention and intervention of elevated BP in children and adolescents. Methods Data were combined from the China Health and Nutrition Survey,which was conducted during the period of 1993-2011.A total of 9 038 children and adolescents aged 7~17 years old who had normal BMI were included in the final data analysis.Data were on gender,age,WC,systolic blood pressure (SBP),diastolic blood pressure (DBP),and the prevalence of elevated BP.After adjusted for sex and age,the multiple liner regression model was used to analyze the trend in mean BP with increase of WC levels.Logistic regression model was conducted to examine the trend in elevated BP prevalence and the risk of elevated BP with increase of WC levels. Results Both the mean value of BP and prevalence of elevated BP showed rising trends with the increase of WC levels among children and adolescents with normal BMI (SBP/DBP ranged from 96.0/63.1 mmHg to 102.4/ 68.0 mmHg; prevalence of elevated BP ranged from 6.9% to 21.8%,all P<0.001),independently of age and sex.When WC<P₂₅ as the referent group,the risk for elevated BP were1.39,1.70,2.21 and 3.10,for groups of WC≥P₂₅ and WC<P₅₀,WC≥P₅₀ and WC<P₇₅,WC≥P₇₅ and WC<P₉₀,and WC≥P₉₀,respectively,independently of age and sex(P<0.01). Conclusions WC can be used as an important predictor of elevated BP in children and adolescents.BMI should be in combined with WC in order to more effectively prevent risk of elevated BP in children and adolescents.

Relationship between SNP rs1801282 variation in PPARγ2 gene and obesity in Zhuang nationality children

LI Zhe-tao, CHEN Yi-dan, ZENG Ting, QIN Zheng-xue, LI Wu-gao, YAN Ti-zhen, HUANG Ji-wei, TANG Ning

2017, 25(6):  548-551.  DOI: 10.11852/zgetbjzz2017-25-06-03

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Objective To explore the relationship of single nucleotide polymorphisms(SNP) rs1801282 between PPARγ2 gene and simple obesity in Zhuang nationality children. Methods A total of 285 children(151 cases of simple obese children and 134 healthy control children) in Liuzhou were enrolled.SNP rs1801282 of PPARγ2 gene were detected by SNaPshot assay.Height,weight and biochemical indicator of lipometabolism were measured.Metabolic parameters(FBG,TC,TG,HDL-C and VDL-C) and allele frequency were compared between the two groups. Results The CC and CG+GG genotype frequencies of rs1801282 polymorphism in normal control group and simple obesity group were 95.52%,4.48% and 98.01%,1.99%,respectively.The minor allele frequency(G allelic frequency) in simple obesity group and normal control group were 2.24%,and 0.99%,respectively.The genotype and allelic frequencies of rs1801282 and metabolic parameters(FBG,TC,TG,HDL-C and VDL-C) in simple obese children were not significantly different from those in controls (P>0.05).There were no significantly difference in male group and female group (P>0.05). Conclusions NP rs1801282 of PPARγ2 gene are not associated with simple obesity in Chinese Zhuang preschool children in Liuzhou of Guangxi province.

Status of underweight and it's relative factors for children under 3 years old in 14 counties in the western areas of China

HUO Yu-jie, ZHOU Hong, WANG Yan

2017, 25(6):  552-555.  DOI: 10.11852/zgetbjzz2017-25-06-04

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Objective To understand the underweight status of children under 3 years old in 14 counties in the western areas of China and to explore the relative factors so as to provide reasonable suggestions for improving the nutrition status of children. Methods With probability-proportional-to-size sampling,2 999 caregivers were interviewed and the weight of 3 051 children under 3 years old were measured during September and October of 2011.Whether the child was underweight or not was judged by the WHO evaluation standard published in 2006. Results The prevalence of underweight among children under 3 years old in the survey area was 5.8%.The results suggested that low household income (χ²=30.729,P<0.001),living in Ⅳ rural region (OR=4.14,95%CI:1.88~9.14),insufficient dietary intake diversity (OR=1.63,95%CI:1.09~2.43) were the risk factors of child underweight. Conclusions The prevalence of underweight of children in the surveyed areas is improved comparing with the results from previous studies,but the prevalence is still at a high level.Improving the local economic level and popularizing knowledge of scientific feeding is the key to reduce the prevalence rate of underweight of children.

Dynamic analysis of Tibetan student's body morphologic index from 2000 to 2014 in Lhasa area

DONG Hai, DEJI Qu-zhong, CHUN Hua, AWANG Dan-zeng

2017, 25(6):  556-560.  DOI: 10.11852/zgetbjzz2017-25-06-05

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Objective To assess the body morphological index and constitution of the Tibetan students in 2014,and to analyze the changing trend of their body shape since 2000. Method The height,weight,BMI and Weierweike indexes of Tibetan students aged 7 to 18 years old were analyzed based on the data collected in the students' constitution survey from 2000 to 2014 to explore the variation pattern and trends. Results The average heights of Tibetan boy and girls aged 7 to 18 years old were 122.7 cm to 172.5 cm and 121.7 cm to 159 cm respectively in 2014.The mean heights of boys and girls were averagely increased 5.95 cm and 5.07 cm respectively comparing with those of 2010.The average weights of Tibetan boys and girls aged 7 to 18 years old were 24 kg to 61.9 kg and 22.5 kg to 53.7 kg respectively.The average increase of weight of the boys and the girls were 6.62 kg and 4.95 kg respectively comparing with those of 2000.The BMI indexes of the boys and the girls were enhanced for 1.61 and 1.20 from 2000 to 2014.The average increase of Weierweike index of the boys and the girls were 3.81 and 3.12. Conclusion The height,weight and BMI of Tibetan adolescents have been increasing significantly which indicated the comprehensive acceleration trends of the growth and the development among Tibetan teenagers.

Study on meat model assisted quantitative dietary evaluation and feeding counselling in rural area

GUAN Hong-yan, YIN Yan, JIN Chun-hua, ZHU Zong-han, ZHANG Ting, ZHANG Shu-yi

2017, 25(6):  561-563.  DOI: 10.11852/zgetbjzz2017-25-06-06

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Objective To explore the quantitative evaluation method with meat model on infant weaning feeding,and the effects of feeding counselling inventions with the meat model in rural areas. Method The infants aged 6 to 11 months which were enrolled in study on intervention of infant weaning feeding in rural area were evaluated meat intake during previous 24 hours and the past week,comparing with standard 10 g meat module. Results Infants' meat intake amount in previous 24 hours and the past week increased during the follow-up,and the later one indicated the similar trend with hemoglobin level.The increasing of meat intake in past week was higher in the intervention group than the control group after 3 months significantly[30.54(23.09,37.98)g vs 6.24(2.56,9.93)g,P=0.000 1],but not significantly after 6 months[36.33(23.77,48.89)g vs 19.74(7.57,31.91)g,P=0.073].The proportion of infants met recommended meat intake in 24 hours was higher in intervention group than the control group after 3 months (4.7% vs 1.8%,P=0.190)and after 6 months (4.7% vs 1.8%,P=0.060). Conclusions The quantitative evaluation method with meat model on infant weaning feeding is accepted by the caregivers and work out on value of infant meat intake.The effect on feeding counselling with meat module is indicated.

Secular trend analysis of malnutrition prevalence among Tibetan primary and secondary students from 1991 to 2014

XU Rong-bin, SONG Yi, MA Jun, ZHANG Bin, HU Pei-jin

2017, 25(6):  564-567.  DOI: 10.11852/zgetbjzz2017-25-06-07

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Objective To explore the secular trend and prevalence of malnutrition among Chinese Tibetan students aged 7 to 18 years old from 1991 to 2014,and to provide basis for prevention and control of malnutrition among Tibetan students and relevant policy making. Methods Based on the data from six Chinese National Surveys on Students Constitution and Health (CNSSCH) in1991,1995,2000,2005,2010,2014,malnutrition was identified by the height standard weight method in 1985,and the secular trend and epidemic status of the malnutrition prevalence among Tibetan students aged 7 to 18 were described by gender and age. Results From 1991 to 2014,the malnutrition prevalence among Tibetan students aged 7 to 18 showed a decreasing trend,the prevalence of malnutrition decreased from 50.53% to 26.67%,nearly 50% decline,while the proportion of moderate to severe malnutrition decreased from 20.07% to 12.09%.From 1991 to 2014,the trends of malnutrition prevalence of different gender or age groups were in parallel with the overall trend.Malnutrition prevalence of males and females dropped from 49.07% and 51.97% to 24.79% and 28.57% respectively.The malnutrition prevalence of 7~9,10~12,13~15 and 16~18 years old groups decreased from 39.76%,47.83%,59.09% and 55.41% to 20.66%,25.66%,33.55% and 27.50% respectively.Malnutrition prevalence of female students was 2.31~6.22 percentage points higher than that of male students.The malnutrition prevalence of low age group was lower than that of high age group,and the proportion of moderate to severe malnutrition had similar pattern. Conclusions The prevalence of malnutrition of Tibetan primary and middle school students in Tibet is generally declining,but still high.It is necessary to further strengthen the malnutrition prevention and control work,and pay more attention to the malnutrition control among secondary school students and girls.

Investigation on the normal reference ranges for serum vitamin B1 and B2 of healthy children in Guangzhou

HUANG Yu-jun, WU Shao-guo, LI Yan-you, FENG Shu-qi, CHEN Zhuo-yao, HUANG Ying-hong, CHEN Hui-min

2017, 25(6):  568-571.  DOI: 10.11852/zgetbjzz2017-25-06-08

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Objective To establish the normal reference range for serum vitamin B1 and B2 of healthy children in Guangzhou and to porovide evidence for clinical accurate judgment of vitamin B1 and B2 status in children. Methods Serum vitamin B1 and B2 of 1 442 healthy children (809 males,633 females)living in Guangzhou were examined by LK3000V Vitamin Analyzer.Then the data were analyzed with statistical methods. Results 1)There was no statistical difference between boys and girls for levels of serum vitamin B1 and B2 between every group defined by age within ten years old(P>0.05).2)The levels of serum vitamin B1[median(P2.5,P97.5)] defined by age were as follows:41.9(45.6,88.1)nmmol/L for 0~3 year-old group,65.5(45.6,98.4)nmol/L for 3~5 year-old group,72.9(46.3,105.8) for 5~17 year-old group and 80.6(46.7,115.9) for the adult group.The levels of serum vitamin B2 were as follows:285.6(197.3, 376.2)μg/L for 0~5 year-old group,297.9(208,387.4)μg/L for 5~17 year-old group and 308.2(280.6,394.7) μg/L for the adult group.3)Positive correlation was found between age and the level of serum vitamin B1 as well as that of serum vitamin B2. Conclusion Reference range for serum vitamin B1 for healthy children in Guangzhou is same among different age groups,while that for serum vitamin B2 need to be set up according two age groups by a five years old.

Effects of antenatal infection on the expression of connective tissue growth factor in lungs of neonatal rats

ZHU Xing-hua, LI Juan

2017, 25(6):  572-575.  DOI: 10.11852/zgetbjzz2017-25-06-09

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Objective To explore the role for connective tissue growth factor(CTGF) in the lung development by dynamic observation of morphology and the expression of CTGF in lungs of rat pups exposed to antenatal inflammation. Methods Pregnant Wistar rats were randomly divided into experimental group and control group.Pregnant rats of both groups were intraperitoneal injected with either lipopolysaccharide ( LPS)2.5 mg/kg or the same volume of normal saline on embryonic day 19 and 20,respectively,and were allowed to term deliver.On postnatal days 1,3,7 and 14 (D1,D3,D7 and D14),eight pups of each group were killed by 10% chloral hydrate (1 ml/kg) and lungs were collected.Left lungs of each group were used to assess lung histological changes after hematoxylin and eosin(HE) staining by measuring the mean numbers of alveolar,the mean ratio of alveolar surface area to per tissue and the mean thickness of alveolar septum.Right lungs of each group were used to measure the expression of CTGF mRNA and protein by Real-time polymerase chain reaction (Real-time PCR) and Western blot. Results 1)With the increasing of postnatal days,the mean numbers of alveolar and the mean ratio of alveolar surface area to per tissue in both groups increased,the mean thickness of alveolar septum got thinner.On D1,D3,D7 and D14,the mean alveolar numbers of the experimental group were significantly less than those of the control group (P<0.05 or <0.01).On D1,D3 and D7,the mean ratios of alveolar surface area to per tissue were significantly larger than those of control group(P<0.01).On D1 and D3,the alveolar septum thickness was significantly thinner than that in control group(P=0.000).2)On D1,D3,andD7,the expression of CTGF mRNA of the experimental group were significantly higher than those of the control group(P<0.05 or <0.01).3)On D1,D3,D7 and D14,the expression of CTGF protein of the experimental group were significantly higher than those of the control group(P all<0.05). Conclusion Antenatal infection can up-regulate expression of CTGF,which may assiociate with disorders of lung development.

Vitamin D and food allergy in children

FAN Chang-hong, YANG Shu-fen

2017, 25(6):  576-578.  DOI: 10.11852/zgetbjzz2017-25-06-10

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Recent years,the incidence rate of food allergy is on the rise year by year,which mostly occurs infants,thus arousing greatly attention from the parents and pediatricians.Up to now,the etiology and pathogenesis of food allergy are not understood.But several studies have associated vitamin D with food allergy,because it can affect the immune system response,which may promote the development of food allergy.However,a few evidence suggests that low blood vitamin D level is a risk factor for food allergy of children.This paper is to review the current latest study about the link between vitamin D and food allergy in children.

Research on vitamin D levels in breast milk and influencing factors

FENG Xue-ying, SHAN Yan-chun, YI Ming-ji

2017, 25(6):  579-581.  DOI: 10.11852/zgetbjzz2017-25-06-11

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Recent studies indicate that vitamin D not only regulates calcium and phosphorus metabolism,maintain bone health,but also plays an important role on skeletal system.So the problem of vitamin D intake and the best nutritional status get more and more attention.Although vitamin D nutrition mainly by the sun,but for the baby,breast milk is one of the important ways.And what is the level of vitamin D in breast milk? What factors affect the level of vitamin D in breast milk? How much dose of vitamin D is the most suitable for breastfeeding infants? In this paper,the progress of research in these areas is summarized in order to better guide the vitamin D intake of breast fed infants.

Prevention and treatment of glucocorticoid-induced osteoporosis in children

KANG Xiao-jun, TIAN Zhi-liang

2017, 25(6):  582-584.  DOI: 10.11852/zgetbjzz2017-25-06-12

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Glucocorticoids (GCs) is widely used in pediatric practice.Long-term systemic GC therapy is associated with many side-effects,including low bone mineral density (BMD) and fractures.In adults,evidence-based guidelines exist to base management of patients with glucocorticoid-induced osteoporosis.Children of glucocorticoid glucocorticoid-induced osteoporosis is becoming more and more brought to the attention of the pediatrician,but information about children is still very few.This article mainly summarized the prevention and treatment of glucocorticoid-induced osteoporosis in children.

Symptoms and pathogenic mechanism of social communication and interaction defect in autism spectrum disorder children

ZHAO Ling-xiao, FAN Jing-yi

2017, 25(6):  585-587.  DOI: 10.11852/zgetbjzz2017-25-06-13

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Social communication and interaction defect is a core defect of autism spectrum disorder (ASD),has diversified forms and individual differences.It severely hampers development of the social adaptation,the quality of life,and even the ability to survive of ASD children.This paper reviews literatures about symptoms and pathogenetic mechanism of social communication and interaction defect in ASD children.

Control study and analysis of relevant factors for iron deficiency in school age children of Lanzhou city and Dongxiang country

MU Jing, YANG Wen-kai, CHEN Hong, YE Xin-hua, KANG Xi-guang

2017, 25(6):  588-591.  DOI: 10.11852/zgetbjzz2017-25-06-14

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Objective To investigate the prevalence rates and its risk factors of the school age children with iron deficiency anemia(IDA)in Lanzhou city and Dongxiang country,and to provide the basis for the prevention and treatment of IDA. Methods In October 2015,396 children aged from 6 to 12 were selected through two representative schools in Lanzhou city and Dongxiang County.Physical examination,blood routine examination and ironmetabolism were conducted.Meanwhile,the questionnaire was issued to analyze the risk factors of IDA. Results Totally 396 cases showed that iron reduction,IDA,iron deficiency prevalence rates were 12.6%,8.6%,21.2% respectively.The prevalence rates of iron reduction,IDA,iron deficiency in Dongxiang county were higher than those in Lanzhou city,the differences were statistically significant (P<0.05).Prevalence rates of iron reduction,IDA,iron deficiency of Dongxiang nationality children were higher than those of Han nationality children,the differences were statistically significant (P<0.05).There were no significant differences in prevalence of iron reduction,IDA,iron deficiency between male and female (P>0.05).Children in different ages had different prevalence about IDA which had statistical significance (P<0.05),children age was negative related to the prevalence rates,but iron depletion rates of the three groups had no statistical significance (P>0.05).Among the 13 related factors,there were 3 factors which affected the prevalence of IDA,and 6 were the protective factors. Conclusions School-age children's iron prevalence rates in Lanzhou city and Dongxiang County are lower than before.The iron deficiency is still an important problem.

Correlation of vitamin D level with asthma predicting index in infants with recurrent wheeze

LI Ning, ZHOU Qi-xin, GUO Tong

2017, 25(6):  592-595.  DOI: 10.11852/zgetbjzz2017-25-06-15

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Objective To investigate the correlation of 25-hydroxy vitamin D[25 (OH)D] level and asthma predicting index (API),and to provide a basis for accurately predicting of the prognosis in infants with recurrent wheezing. Methods The study group consisted of infants with recurrent wheezing which were followed by Pediatrics in Shenzhen Maternity and Child Healthcare Hospital from October 2014 to September 2016.25 (OH)D and total IgE were examined in the participants.The patients were classified into two groups according to API positivity and compared to control subjects(40 normal infants)regarding their 25 (OH)D level and total IgE level.The correlation between API and the level of 25 (OH)D was carried on Pearson correlation analysis. Results The API positive group had the lowest means 25 (OH)D level[(18.97±4.98)ng/ml] followed by API negative group[(23.05±6.32)ng/ml] compared to control group[(27.67±6.82)ng/ml](P<0.05).The API positive group had the highest means IgE level[(192.83±32.36)IU/ml] followed by API negative group[(109.45±12.51)IU/ml] compared to control group[(99.42±18.64)IU/ml] (P<0.05).The incidence of vitamin D deficiency in infants in API positive group (45.71%) is higher than API negative group (23.94%)and control group (17.50%)(P<0.05).There was a negative correlation between the level of total IgE and the level of vitamin D in API positive group(r=-0.727,P<0.05). Conclusions Low level of 25 (OH)D are detected in infants with recurrent wheezing.The 25 (OH)D level is negatively correlated with the levels of total IgE in recurrent wheezing infants with API positive.Vitamin D deficiency may play a role in the pathogenesis of infants with recurrent wheezing,and may be an indicator for assessing the risk of their conversion to asthma.

Vitamin A and E levels and its clinical significance in children of different ages with recurrent respiratory tract infections

ZHANG Hai-mei, SUN Zhong-hou, DING Yuan-hui, WU Fan, XIE Hong-li, HAO Xian, ZHAI Yu-ping, ZHENG Yang

2017, 25(6):  595-600.  DOI: 10.11852/zgetbjzz2017-25-06-16

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Objective To know the vitamin A and E level changes and its clinical significance in children of different ages with recurrent respiratory tract infections,and provide reference for disease prevention. Methods A total of 130 cases with recurrent respiratory tract infection(RRTI group) and 124 health children (control group) were selected from April 2015 to June 2016 in the Affiliated Hospital of Weifang Medical University.All children were divided into 0~1,1~3,3~6 and > 6 years old groups.Serum vitamin A,E levels were determined by high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). Results The levels of vitamin A and E in RRTI group were lower than those in the control group (P<0.05).The level of vitamin A was the lowest in the 0~1 year old children,but there was no significant difference in vitamin E levels among all age groups(P>0.05). Conclusions Low levels of vitamin A and E are associated with recurrent respiratory infections.Both recurrent respiratory tract infection and health examination,0~1 year-old children were the lowest level of vitamin A,followed by >6 years old group;And vitamin E levels are in the normal range,and no significant difference in all ages.

Related factors and current status on simple obesity of preschool children in Zhuhai

QI Xiao-bing, BEI Wei-hong, FENG Xiu-juan, GUO Xiao-bao, ZHENG Miao-hong

2017, 25(6):  598-600.  DOI: 10.11852/zgetbjzz2017-25-06-17

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Objective To know current status and related factors on simple obesity of preschool in Zhuhai for further interventions. Methods Data of height and weight of preschool children in all kindergartens were collected from 2011 to 2016.A 1∶1 paired case-control study was performed in 10 kindergartens from 3 districts in Zhuhai,with 143 available simple obesity children as case group and 143 gender,age and height matched randomized selected healthy children from same kindergarten as control group.Questionnaires were used to investigate the socioeconomic factors and the other related factors that may be associated with simple obesity. Results The morbidity of simple obesity of preschool children in Zhuhai was 6.12% and showed a rising trend annually from 2011 to 2016 (P<0.01).The morbidity on simple obesity of boy group was higher than that of girl group and with higher preschool age,there was a higher morbidity of simple obesity (P<0.01).This study found that birth weight heaver than 4 000 g,eating fast and overweight or obesity of parents were risk factors for simple obesity of preschool children.Exercise time more than 2h after school per day and the guardian knowing the child's weight were protection factors. Conclusions There is a rising trend for the morbidity of simple obesity of preschool children in Zhuhai.Various factors are related with preschool obesity.Parents should pay attention to their weight and cultivate healthy behaviors for preschool children to reduce the level of morbidity of simple obesity.

Analysis of iodine nutritional status and its influencing factors of infants at 0~2 years old in Anyang city

SONG Lu-jun, MA Gai-qing, SU Li-juan, YANG Shu-li

2017, 25(6):  601-603.  DOI: 10.11852/zgetbjzz2017-25-06-18

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Objective To provide the basis for adjusting policy of iodine supplement by studying the iodine nutritional status of infants at 0~2 years old and analyzing the related influence factors. Methods The monitoring data of iodized salt and urine iodine of infants of Anyang were collected in 2013,2014 and 2015,and were analyzed the factors of sex,urban and rural,age and feeding practice for iodine nutrition of infants. Results Totally 2 685,2 400 and 2 385 iodized salt were collected in 2013,2014 and 2015,and the medians of iodized salt were 25.70,25.93 μg/L and 26.31 μg/L.The differences of sex,urban and rural,age and feeding practice had no influence for iodine nutrition of infants,the differences were not statistically significant (P>0.05),but the difference of age had influence for infants,the difference was statistically significant (χ²=8.93,P<0.05). Conclusions The iodine-nutritional status of infants at 0~2 years old in Anyang is very good,the intake of iodine basically satisfy the need of physical growth.The differences of sex,urban and rural,age and feeding practice have no influence for iodine nutrition of infants.With increasing of age,the urinary iodine level declines in the body.

Research of immune function related factors of children movement disorders with repeated respiratory infection

LV Nan, SHANG Qing, MA Cai-yun, LI Jing-jie, ZHANG Qing-mei

2017, 25(6):  604-606.  DOI: 10.11852/zgetbjzz2017-25-06-19

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Objective To explore the related factors of immune function in movement disorder children with recurrent respiratory tract infection,and promote the comprehensive rehabilitation of children with movement disorders. Methods The clinical data of 80 patients with movement disorders were collected from the Department of Rehabilitation Medicine in Zhengzhou Children's Hospital,40 cases of recurrent respiratory tract infection during the rehabilitation treatment in group RRI,40 cases of children with movement disorders rehabilitation treatment for the same period as the control group,vitamin A,25-(OH)D₃,inorganic elements (iron,zinc,calcium,copper,magnesium,lead),immunoglobulin (IgA,IgM,IgG) were determined in two groups. Results Vitamin A (0.92±0.38 vs 1.24±0.35),25-(OH)D₃(24.7±5.2 vs 28.1±6.8),zinc (28.96±6.06 vs 44.68±8.70),iron (7.09±0.87 vs 8.25±1.14),calcium (1.31±1.83±0.12 vs 0.26) in RRI were significantly lower than those in the control group;The serum IgA (0.48±0.11 vs 1.32±0.25),IgM (0.88±0.19 vs 1.51±0.32) in RRI were significantly lower than those in the control group,no difference of IgG levels. Conclusions During the rehabilitation treatment of movement disorders children with recurrent respiratory tract infection,vitamin A,D,zinc,iron,calcium deficiency,low humoral immunity are related.To strengthen the monitoring of relevant factors regularly to give appropriate treatment and relative factors of abnormal,can enhance the body's resistance of movement disorder patients,reduce the incidence of recurrent respiratory tract infection rate and shorten the treatment course,and improve the curative effect of rehabilitation.

Research on growth and consumption of snacks on school-aged children in rural areas of Jiangxi province

TAN Tian, PENGYa-la

2017, 25(6):  607-610.  DOI: 10.11852/zgetbjzz2017-25-06-20

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Objective To find out snacks consumption and growth situation on school-aged children in rural areas of Ganzhou,Jiangxi,then provide basis for the formulation of nutrition policy. Method Questionnaires were used to research children's behavior of snacks consumption. Results 34.18%of surveyed children's body mass index (BMI) were abnormal,in which severe weight loss consisted 18.47%,mild weight loss consisted 11.38%,overweight and obese children were rare,accounting for 3.31% and 1.60%;Pupils in this rural areas generally liked to eat snacks,most snacks were bought by themselves,accounting 33.98%,a total of 87.96% students' pocket money that used to buy snacks were less than 2 RMB,snacks they buying were very cheap,67.8% snacks' unit price were less than 1 RMB,the main reason for students' buying snacks were physiological reason,feeling thirsty or hungry accounted for more than 1/3. Conclusion Malnutrition is still a serious problem in rural areas,irrational consumption of snacks is very common,nutrition education is suggested to carried out in primary schools,so as to improve students' nutrition knowledge,ultimately promote children's healthy growth.

Effect of maternal cigarette smoking on birth weight,head circumference,birth length and iron stores in newborn

ZHANG Xu-guang, YUAN Jing, ZHANG Wei-wei, ZHANG Dong-mei, PENG Zhi-qing, CHEN Yan-ping

2017, 25(6):  611-614.  DOI: 10.11852/zgetbjzz2017-25-06-21

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Objective To investigate the effect of maternal cigarette smoking on birth weight,head circumference birth length and iron stores in newborn to confirm the harm of smoking behavior in pregnancy,and to provide theoretical basis for improving the level of perinatal health care in China. Methods Totally 150 puerperas and their newborns were recruited.According to the WHO definition of cigarette smoking frequency,puerperas were divided into no smoking group,occasional smoking group and daily smoking group.Daily iron intake was assessed by dietary survey in every puerpera at late pregnancy.Birth weight,head circumference and birth length of newborns were measured.Serum ferritin (SF) and soluble transferrin receptor (sTfR) levels were analyzed in maternal peripheral blood and infant cord blood at the time of delivery.Then the levels of total body iron (TBI) were calculated. Results Birth weight of newborns in no smoking group was significantly higher than that of both two smoking group (all P<0.05).There was no significant difference in average head circumference and birth length of newborns in three groups (all P>0.05).The level of sTfR was significantly higher in puerperas of no smoking group than that of two smoking groups (all P<0.001).The levels of SF and TBI were significantly lower in puerperas of no smoking group than those of two smoking groups (all P<0.05).The sTfR of newborns in no smoking group was significantly lower than that of two smoking groups (all P<0.001).The levels of SF and TBI were significantly higher in newborns of no smoking group than those of two smoking groups (all P<0.001). Conclusion Maternal cigarette smoking is associated with higher iron stores in puerperal,as well as lower birth weight and iron stores in newborn.

Study on feeding behavior for 9-month-old infants in Gaobeidian community of Beijing

JIN Cai-qin, WANG Yan

2017, 25(6):  615-618.  DOI: 10.11852/zgetbjzz2017-25-06-22

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Objective To study the feeding behavior for 9-month-old infants in Gaobeidian community of Chaoyang district,Beijing,and to explore the problems of feeding practice for infants in the community. Methods A cross-sectional survey was observed in 529 children aged 9 months using the standard questionnaire of Multiple Indicator Cluster Surveys four (MICS4)which was developed by the United Nations children's fund (UNICEF),and the 8 indicators for assessing infant feeding practice were analyzed. Results In the survey area,the rate of early initiation of breastfeeding was 64.9%.The rate of continued breastfeeding at 9 months was 92.5%.The rate of reasonable feeding (infants under 6 months old were exclusive breastfeeding and 6~9 months old infants were breastfeeding adding a side dish) was 75.0%.The rate of introduction solid,semi-solid or soft foods and minimum dietary diversity was 64.1%.The rate of frequency introduction of solid,semi-solid or soft foods and minimum dietary diversity at 9 months breastfeeding infants was 17.6%,while the rate of frequency introduction of solid,semi-solid or soft foods and minimum dietary at 9 months complementary feeding infant was 14.2%. Conclusions The overall situation of breast feeding for infants in the researched area is good.However,there are still problems in complementary feeding should be paid attention,such as,the diversity of complementary food or the frequency of feeding is insufficient.

Clinical analysis of 60 cases of infants with lower gastrointestinal bleeding caused by cow's milk protein allergy

CHENG Yong-wei, ZHOU Shao-ming, ZHOU Jian-li, CAI Hua-bo

2017, 25(6):  618-620.  DOI: 10.11852/zgetbjzz2017-25-06-23

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Objective To investigate the clinical analysis of lower gastrointestinal bleeding caused by cow's milk protein allergy in infants,and to provide a basis for early diagnosis and effective treatment of lower gastrointestinal bleeding caused by cow's milk protein allergy in infants. Method The clinical data of 60 infants with lower gastrointestinal bleeding caused by cow's milk protein allergy in Shenzhen Children's Hospital from May 2016 to January 2014 were analyzed retrospectively. Results Most cow's milk protein allergy caused lower gastrointestinal bleeding was in infants with the age of 1~6 months(68.33%),with no significant gender difference in age distribution(χ²=1.371,P=0.242),25 cases of formula-feeding infants (41.67%);Clinical manifestation was blood in stool suddenly in 46 cases (76.67%);Experimental examination of IgG antibody increased in 48 cases (80%);Electronic colonoscopy revealed multiple nodular hyperplasia (81.33%);Pathological examination showed chronic nonspecific inflammation,and the intrinsic layer of eosinophils increased; After avoid milk protein treatment:cure rate 2 weeks' was significantly increased than that of one-week.The difference was statistically significant (P<0.05);Between 4 weeks' and two weeks' cure rate,the difference was not statistically significant (P>0.05). Conclusions Milk protein allergy caused lower gastrointestinal bleeding,mainly are infants with the age of 1~6 months with formula-feeding infants,elevated IgG antibody maybe involve in the pathogenesis of infant lower gastrointestinal bleeding caused by cow's milk protein allergy.Avoidance of milk protein of 2~4 weeks,the lower gastrointestinal bleeding can not be alleviated,patients need to consider the cause of eosinophilic colitis.

Prevalence of permanent teeth caries among primary and secondary school students in Suzhou in 2015

DING Lei

2017, 25(6):  621-624.  DOI: 10.11852/zgetbjzz2017-25-06-24

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Objective To analyze the prevalence of permanent teeth caries among primary and secondary school students in Suzhou in 2015,to explore prevention focus and to provide scientific bases for the prevention and control of permanent teeth caries among the students. Methods Descriptive epidemiological methods and caries prevalence rate,the percentage of decay missing filling,and mean caries of the tooth were used as measures to description of different ages,different genders,different students,different nature of school students in the case of permanent teeth caries. Results The total permanent caries was 8.4% of Suzhou in 2015,the total permanent caries were 0.18.With age getting older,the constant and permanent caries caries incidence showed an upward trend (P<0.001),the low age group of students at a constant rate of caries had rapid growth.Girls,urban schools,public schools had higher caries rate constant and permanent caries (P<0.01).Boys,rural schools and schools for the children of migrant workers had more serious situation (P<0.001). Conclusion Oral health care should launch in younger students,and rural schools and migrant school students' knowledge of oral health promotion should be strengthened.

Observation of physical and intelligence development in 110 cases of full term low birth weight infants

ZHANG Yong, WANG Zhao-hui

2017, 25(6):  624-627.  DOI: 10.11852/zgetbjzz2017-25-06-25

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Objective To evaluate the physical development of full term low birth weight infants,and analyze the effect of early nutrition on the development of intelligence. Methods The results were analyzed on 110 cases of full term low birth weight infants,who visited doctors from 2013 to 2015 in Xi'an No.4 Hospital and were follow-up to 12 months old as well. Results 1) 110 cases of full term low birth weight infants in the physical growth parameters (weight,length and head circumference) in different periods (born,1 month,3,6,9 months and 12 months of age) were still lower than the same sex did not the 3^rd percentile accounted for between existed significant difference(χ²=304.45,381.08,45.80,all P<0.01);2)The physical development index in different periods less than gay did not the 25^th percentile accounted for the ratio of the difference(χ²=193.06,203.12,110.35,all P<0.01);3)Body weight,still less than the 25^th percentile group in the Gesell assessment,the results were worse than 3 months group that the weight was greater than or equal to the 25^th percentile group,adaptability,fine motor,language in the two groups existed significant differences(χ²=8.071,7.981,9.870,all P<0.05). Conclusions After birth,the physical growth of the full term low birth weight infants shows a tendency to catch up,which is the fastest in 6 months.The nutritional status in 3 months have an effect on the Gesell value in 12 months.Early proper nutrition can help to catch up with the physical body of full term low weight infants,which is conducive to the development of intelligence.

Status and the influence factors of the exclusive breast feeding in Panzhihua east rural areas

LI Rui-feng, CHEN Yue-fang, CHEN Kai, WEI Xiao-qing, ZHAO Jing-ying

2017, 25(6):  627-630.  DOI: 10.11852/zgetbjzz2017-25-06-26

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Objective To know the situation of exclusive breast feeding of infants and the influence factors in Panzhihua East rural areas. Methods Totally 315 mothers who had under 2 years old children were selected to investigate their feeding situation and influence factors by face to face questionnaire.SPSS 22.0 soft ware was used to carry on the statistical analysis. Result The rate of breastfeeding of infants more than 18 months was 1.4% respectively,and exclusive breast feeding of infants from 4 months to 6 months old was 34.5%. Conclusion Feeding at early stage,the exclusive breast feeding form,the breast feeding self-efficacy relates to the rate of exclusive breast feeding of infants less than 4 months.

Analysis of nutritional status in 153 children with pneumonia

LI Ji-fang, LI Yi, ZHANG Shuang

2017, 25(6):  631-633.  DOI: 10.11852/zgetbjzz2017-25-06-27

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Objective To measure the levels of serum proteins and hemoglobin in children with pneumonia,and to analyze the nutritional status in children. Methods A total of 153 children with pneumonia were divided into three groups matched by age:0~1 years old group;1~<3 years old group;3~12 years old group.The level of serum total protein(TP),albumin(ALB),prealbumin(PA),retinol binding protein(RBP),hemoglobin (HB) were measured. Results The total prevalence of hypoproteinemia in children with pneumonia was 25%.The prevalences of hypoproteinemia in 0~1 years old group,1~<3 years old group and 3~12 years old group were 41%,15%,7% respectively.The prevalence of hypoproteinemia was significantly higher in 0~1 years old group than that in 3~12 years old group(P<0.05).There was no significant difference in the prevalence of hypoproteinemia between 1~<3 years old group and 3~12 years old group.The total prevalence of anemia in children with pneumonia was 63%.The prevalence of anemia in 0~1 years old group,1~<3 years old group and 3~12 years old group were 72%,78%,28% respectively.The prevalence of anemia was significantly higher in 0~1 years old group than that in 3~12 years old group(P<0.05).The prevalence of anemia was significantly higher in 1~<3 years old group than that in 3~12 years old group (P<0.05). Conclusions The prevalence of hypoproteinemia and anemia in infants with pneumonia was higher than that in aged 3~12 years old children.Therefore,the nutritional status of children especially infants with pneumonia should be closely monitored,and proper nutritional support should be provided when necessary to improve the prognosis.

Association between the levels of serum vitamin A,D,E and recurrent respiratory tract infection in children

LI Ya, NIE Xin, CUI Ming-ming

2017, 25(6):  634-636.  DOI: 10.11852/zgetbjzz2017-25-06-28

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Objective To examine the association between the levels of serum vitamin A,D,E with recurrent respiratory tract infection (RRTI) in children and to provide evidence for clinical diagnosis and treatment. Methods Totally 66 children with recurrent respiratory tract infections and 66 health children were selected as cases and controls in Child Healthcare Department of Changchun Children's Hospital in 2015,respectively.The levels of vitamin A,D,E were detected using high performance liquid chromatography and tandem mass spectrometry. Results The prevalences of RRTI in different age groups were significantly different (χ²=13.516,P=0.001).Cases had significantly lower serum level of vitamin A and higher rate of vitamin A deficiency than healthy controls (t=3.536,P=0.001;χ²=16.901,P=0.000).But serum levels of vitamin D and E were not significantly different between cases and controls,as well as rate of vitamin D deficiency and vitamin E deficiency(P>0.05). Conclusions Recurrent respiratory tract infection may be related to vitamin A deficiency.It is recommended to strengthen nutrition health education and advocacy activities,such as providing scientific feeding guidance to the parents and vitamin supplements to children,monitoring the levels of vitamin A,D,E in children regularly.

Observation of the impact of asthma children height and weight about small doses continuous inhaled corticosteroids 2 years

XU Zhi-qiang

2017, 25(6):  637-638.  DOI: 10.11852/zgetbjzz2017-25-06-29

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Objective To observe effects of small doses continuous inhaled corticosteroids on height and weight of the children with asthma,in order to provide the basis for specification of asthma treatment. Methods A total of 125 children with asthma performed the height and weight test for treatment with inhaled corticosteroids at 0.5,1,1.5,2 years.On height and weight in children with asthma was compared with normal children of Chinese city. Result There was no obvious difference on height and weight in children with asthma compared with normal children of Chinese city(P>0.05). Conclusions mall doses of persistent inhaled corticosteroide (ICS) does not affect children's growth.

Effect of sleep hygiene cultivated by household nursing on growth and development of infants

DENG Liang-qiong, ZHANG Yu, LI Hong-hui, ZENG Ting, HUANG Ren-xiu

2017, 25(6):  639-642.  DOI: 10.11852/zgetbjzz2017-25-06-30

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Objective To investigate the effect of sleep hygiene cultivated by household nursing on growth and development of infants. Methods A total of 68 infants were enrolled in this study.The intervention group (35 infants) received sleep hygiene cultivated which supervised by household nursing,while the control group (33 infants) was only received regular health care guidelines.Weight and length were measured at 0,3,6,9,12 months.And the two growth parameters were compared between these two groups. Results There were significant differences of the weight and length growth in different time between intervention group and control group (P<0.001);Both weight and length of intervention group in 6,9 and 12 months were higher than those of control group (P<0.05).There were significant differences of incidence rates of difficulty falling asleep,frequent nighttime awakenings,circadian rhythm sleep disorders and sleeping all night from 6 months between two groups (P<0.05). Conclusions leep hygiene cultivated by household nursing can promote the growth of infants.

Study on curative effect on early intervention for different gestational age children with global developmental delay

ZHOU Yuan, LIU Zhen-huan, ZHANG Ma-lan, CAI Shu-ying

2017, 25(6):  643-645.  DOI: 10.11852/zgetbjzz2017-25-06-31

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Objectives To study the difference of the curative effect on early intervention for different gestational age children with global developmental delay. Methods A total of 73 infants with global developmental delay were selected and divided into two groups by gestational-age,premature group(28~37 weeks gestational-age)35 cases,term-infant group( more than 37 weeks gestational-age) 38 cases.Two groups received regular early intervention.The Gesell Developmental Scales(DQ)were tested before and 4 months after the treatment designed. Results 1)After 4 months early intervention,two groups both had significant superiority in improving the DQ of all five fields (P<0.05).2)Before the intervention,term-infant group had significant superiority than the premature group in the DQ of all five fields (P<0.05).3)After 4 months early intervention,term-infant group had significant superiority than the premature group in the DQ of social adaption,fine movement,language,personal association fields (P<0.05) and had a close level in the DQ of gross motor function(P>0.05). Conclusion Early intervention has definite curative effect for different gestational-age children with global developmental delay,especially on the development of gross-motor function.

Case report of LAMA2 gene mutation in a patient of merosin-deficient congenital muscular dystrophy type 1A and literature review

WANG Bao-tian, YANG Li, WU De, TANG Jiu-lai

2017, 25(6):  646-648.  DOI: 10.11852/zgetbjzz2017-25-06-32

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Objective To perform prenatal gene diagnosis on sporadic case with congenital muscular dystrophy(CMD). Method The clinical data of 1 patient with CMD and blood samples of the child and parents were collected,pathogenic genes were detected using gene sequencing. Results The child with the onset of after birth,appeared motor retardation,hypotonia,increased of serum creatine kinase.EMG showed myogenic damage.Cranial MRI showed that the bilateral frontal and temporal cerebral sulcus and subarachnoid space were wider.Gene sequencing revealed that the c.3735+2-3735+8delinsAAAGAAGGA gene LAMA2 homozygous mutated from the children's father.The genetic test confirmed the diagnosis of MDC1A. Conclusions If the child's clinical manifestations of motor retardation,increased creatine kinase and EMG showed myogenic damage,CMD should be promptly considered,and early genetic testing can confirm the diagnosis.