Abstract: Objective To understand the influence of unique climate environment and dietary structure on morphological development in Tibetan areas,so as to provide theoretical basis for the influence of plateau environment and dietary structure on the morphological development of Tibetan primary and secondary school students. Methods Cluster sampling method was used in this survey.A total of 23 469 primary and secondary school students were selected from Tibetan and non-Tibetan areas in Sichuan province in November 2018.The height and weight of the students were measured,and body mass index (BMI) was calculated for analysis of overweight and obesity. Results The average height of Tibetan and Han primary and middle school students were (149.08±16.34)cm and (151.10±15.36)cm,respectively.And the average height of Tibetan students was significantly lower than that of Han students (P<0.05).The average weight of Tibetan and Han primary and middle school students were (44.98±14.40)kg and (45.55±13.57)kg,respectively.And the average weight of Tibetan male students was lower than that of Han students (P<0.05).The detection rate of overweight in Tibetan and Han primary and middle school students were 10.52% and 11.88%,respectively,and it was 6.14% and 7.95% for the detection rate of obesity.The detection rate of overweight and obesity in Tibetan male students were lower than that of Han (P<0.05). Conclusion The average height of Tibetan male primary and secondary school students is lower than that of Han students.The average weight and the detection rate of overweight and obesity of Tibetan primary and secondary school students are lower than that of Han.So it is suggested that Tibetan areas should strengthen nutrition improvement program for primary and secondary school students to ensure that diverse and balanced nutrients are provided,and ensure Tibetan primary and secondary school students grow up healthily.

Key words: height, weight, overweight, obesity, primary and secondary school students, Tibetan and Han

摘要： 目的 了解藏区独特气候环境和饮食结构对中小学生形态发育的影响,为高原环境和饮食结构对藏民族中小学生形态发育特征影响提供基础理论依据。方法 本次调查采用整群抽样方法, 2018年11月份在四川省藏区和非藏区共抽取中小学生23 469人,检测项目包括中小学生的身高、体重等形态发育指标,并计算出中小学生超重、肥胖检出率。结果 藏族和汉族中小学生平均身高分别为(149.08±16.34)cm和(151.10±15.36)cm,藏族平均身高低于汉族(P<0.05);藏族和汉族中小学生平均体重分别为(44.98±14.40)kg和(45.55 ±13.57)kg,藏族男生平均体重低于汉族(P<0.05);藏族和汉族中小学生超重检出率分别为10.52%和11.88%,肥胖检出率分别为6.14%和7.95%,藏族男生超重和肥胖检出率均低于汉族(P<0.05)。结论 世居藏族中小学生平均身高均低于汉族;世居藏族中小学生男生平均体重以及超重、肥胖检出率均低于汉族。建议藏区应加强中小学生营养改善计划,力求藏族中小学生营养素供给多样化、均衡化、全面化,保障青少年共同健康成长。

关键词: 身高, 体重, 超重, 肥胖, 中小学生, 藏族和汉族